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Search for "hydrogel" in Full Text gives 38 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Applications of microscopy and small angle scattering techniques for the characterisation of supramolecular gels
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2608–2634, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.220
- number of reviews discussing its pivotal nature in supramolecular material characterisation [32]. One of the most common methods of vitrification involves plunging the hydrogel into a liquid propane/ethane mixture, transferred under vacuum to a preparation chamber where it is fractured, sublimed, and
- allowed the chirality of the resulting fibres to be easily observed, indicating that the hydrogel matrix induced by racemic tryptophan was comprised of racemic amounts of left-handed (M) and right-handed (P) helices (Figure 8) [45]. Due to the orientational averaging of scattering techniques, directional
- formation of the hydrogel was directed by self-assembly defects giving rise to branches in the fibrillar structure which was distinct from other reported biopolymeric systems. If the cross-link was a result of entanglement as with similar systems, then the junction would show an increase in contrast due to
Supramolecular assemblies of amphiphilic donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts as macroscopic soft scaffolds
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1590–1603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.142
- , merged image of bright field and fluorescence with hBM-MSCs after 3 days of incubation. Fluorescence images of live cells in (b) DA11, (d) DA10, (f) DA7, and (h) DA6 after 3 days of incubation to observe the cell affinity on the hydrogel surface. Scale bar: 200 μm, applied for all panels. The large
Preparation of β-cyclodextrin/polysaccharide foams using saponin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 78–88, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.7
- simple hydrogel scaffold for the sorption of 1-naphthol. An aqueous sorbate mixture of five phenolic compounds has been also tested to assess the differences in the sorption behaviours of the different matrices. The absorbed amount changes as a function of the cyclodextrin/polysaccharide ratio, and the
Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2553–2569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.171
- implantation without surgical incision, and use as highly effective wound dressings. Furthermore, conclusions and outlooks are discussed for the use of these promising and durable macroporous cryogels. Keywords: 3D-bioprinting; cryogels; drug delivery; injectable cryogel; macroporous hydrogel; wound healing
- difficulty maintaining porous structures when stacking multiple layers, specifically the fusion of layer contact points without scaffold collapse. The vertical pores remain intact, but horizontal pores in hydrogel scaffolds might collapse due to material softness [64]. Shick et al. also pointed out the
- allowing syringe injectability [9]. It has been suggested that cryogels are more suitable for this application, as opposed to hydrogels, as a greater number of cells can be contained within the structure. With an exemption for injectable supramolecular hydrogel systems, which have been demonstrated to
Constrained thermoresponsive polymers – new insights into fundamentals and applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2123–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.138
- covalently, i.e., chemically, bonded will be considered in contrast to non-bonded Langmuir–Blodgett or hydrogel films [63][64]. The following contribution is divided into three sections. The review will be preluded with a presentation of the physicochemical aspects of the phase transition of unhindered
An initiator- and catalyst-free hydrogel coating process for 3D printed medical-grade poly(ε-caprolactone)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2095–2101, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.136
- improved by a variety of methods like plasma treatment, NaOH hydrolysis treatment or a micro deposition system. This study outlines a potential approach to coat medical-grade PCL with a thin hydrogel that requires no initiator or catalyst – just a deoxygenated aqueous monomer solution and UV light. We
- demonstrate this surface modification using a hydrogel, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) [19]. However, this approach should have broad utility for a spectrum of monomers and macromonomers susceptible to radical polymerization onto (almost) any surface featuring C–H bonds. This hydrogel coating is
Photoinduced post-modification of graphitic carbon nitride-embedded hydrogels: synthesis of 'hydrophobic hydrogels' and pore substructuring
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1323–1334, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.92
- novelty. Here, a metal-free semiconductor graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)-embedded hydrogel as an initial network was synthesized via redox-couple initiation under dark conditions. Post-photomodification of so-formed hydrogel, thanks to the photoactivity of the embedded g-CN nanosheets, was exemplified in
- two scenarios. The synthesis of ‘hydrophobic hydrogel’ is reported and its application in delayed cation delivery was investigated. Furthermore, pores of the initial hydrogel were modified by the formation of a secondary polymer network. Such a facile and straightforward synthetic protocol to
- manufacture functional soft materials will be of high interest in near future by the means of catalysis and agricultural delivery. Keywords: hydrophobic hydrogel; photoactive hydrogels; photomodification; pore modification; soft materials; Introduction Popularity of hydrogels arises from their structural
Enzyme-instructed morphological transition of the supramolecular assemblies of branched peptides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2709–2718, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.221
- in a polymeric hydrogel for a responsiveness to thermolysin [35]. Dong et al. reported the branching of an oligopeptide via a cysteine linkage to result in multivalence [37]. During our studies on enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) [38][39][40] of branched peptides for hydrogelation [32], we
- (5 mM) results in a weak gel, while the addition of proteinase K (5 U/mL) to a solution of 2 (5 mM) only produces a viscous solution. The addition of an increased amount of proteinase K (10 U/mL) to a solution of 1 (10 mM) or 2 (10 mM) results in a stable hydrogel. These results indicate that
- (5 mM), the hydrogel of 1 contains long, flexible nanofibers with a diameter of 12 ± 2 nm. Similarly, the viscous solution of 2 also consists of nanofibers with a width around 12 nm. When the concentration of 1 or 2 is at 10 mM, the addition of proteinase K also generates the nanofibers at a diameter
A systematic review on silica-, carbon-, and magnetic materials-supported copper species as efficient heterogeneous nanocatalysts in “click” reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 551–586, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.52
- at 120 °C for 6 h and then freeze-drying, a 3D graphene hydrogel was produced. After dissolving the 3D graphene 86 in water by ultrasonication, CuNO3⋅3H2O was added into the solution, and this was ultrasonicated for 3 h. ʟ-Ascorbic acid as a reducing agent was added into the solution and stirred for
An overview of the cycloaddition chemistry of fulvenes and emerging applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2113–2132, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.209
- room temperature and the resulting polymers were processed as thin films. As a result of the dynamic nature of the Diels–Alder adducts, the films were shown to possess self-healing capabilities [190]. Similarly, Wei et al. employed DAC to create a self-healing hydrogel using a polysaccharide
β-Cyclodextrin- and adamantyl-substituted poly(acrylate) self-assembling aqueous networks designed for controlled complexation and release of small molecules
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1879–1892, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.183
- combinations: PAAβ-CDen/PAAADen, PAAβ-CDen/PAAADhn and PAAβ-CDen/PAAADddn separately and when complexing MR, MO or EO form hydrogels, the viscosities of which were determined by rheology. In each hydrogel [β-CDen] = 3.60 × 10−3 mol dm−3 and [ADen, ADhn or ADddn] = 1.20 × 10−3 mol dm−3, the concentration of
- each dye was 2.00 × 10−3 mol dm−3 and the overall concentration of substituted poly(acrylate)s was 1.14–1.20 wt %. (These hydrogel compositions are identical to those used in the dye release studies discussed below, and are presented in Table S1, Supporting Information File 1.) The viscosity variation
Aggregation behaviour of a single-chain, phenylene-modified bolalipid and its miscibility with classical phospholipids
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 995–1007, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.99
- suspended in water, the formation of a dense network of nanofibres and, as a consequence, a clear and transparent hydrogel is observed [25]. The nanofibres have a thickness of about 6 nm, corresponding to the length of a PC-C32-PC molecule. Due to the bulky PC headgroup, the PC-C32-PC molecules are arranged
- gelation of the suspension when the bolalipid PC-C18pPhC18-PC is dissolved in water at a concentration of c = 1 mg mL–1. This behaviour indicates the formation of nanofibres, which in turn immobilize the solvent molecules and allow the formation of a transparent hydrogel. A similar observation was found
Fluorescent carbon dots from mono- and polysaccharides: synthesis, properties and applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 675–693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.67
- irradiation of the hydrogel yielded UV-blue emissive CDs with a range of sizes from 0.6–8.7 nm (as determined by DLS). Zeta-potential analysis yielded a value of +27 mV, indicative of an abundance of amino groups and as expected from an amino group containing chitosan starting material. In addition, the group
- CDs. Subsequently in 2014, the same group was able to show that coating of calcium alginate (CA) beads with chitosan hydrogel-based CDs yielded a new nanomaterial that could be employed as a pH-responsive drug-delivery vehicle (Scheme 21) [56]. The CDs were used as a protective layer onto the CA beads
Dynamics and interactions of ibuprofen in cyclodextrin nanosponges by solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 182–194, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.21
- be motivated by considering that, even if the swelling of CDNS is achieved by adding an aqueous basic solution of sodium carbonate [9], the final pH of the hydrogel is slightly acidic. Moreover, water removal by lyophilisation induces an increased protonation of IbuH, due to the concentration of the
Inhibition of peptide aggregation by means of enzymatic phosphorylation
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2462–2470, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.240
- components on the peptide conformation during this process. This knowledge could become a useful tool in employing enzymatic phosphorylation and dephosphorylation as triggers for or inhibitors of amyloid formation, as it was previously shown for a self-assembling, supramolecular hydrogel [44]. Results
Supramolecular polymer assembly in aqueous solution arising from cyclodextrin host–guest complexation
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 50–72, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.7
- presence of the two cyclodextrin annuli. Thus, such dimers may be used to form cross-links through the complexation of hydrophobic substituents on adjacent polymer chains and thereby generate a polymer network and hydrogel [74][75]. Variation of the length of the covalent-linker in the cyclodextrin dimer
- twelve methylene groups in the dodecyl tether in PAAADddn, a particularly marked decrease in the viscosity of the hydrogel formed with 66β-CD2ur occurs by comparison with that formed with PAAADhn. This may be partly attributed to the increased flexibility allowed by the longer tether in the polymer
- cross-links and polymer networks in aqueous solution. In 1994, Li et al. reported the formation of hydrogels based on the host–guest complexation between α-CD and high molecular weight PEG [87]. They found the hydrogel melting temperature to increase with increase in PEG length and α-CD concentration
Bright molecules for sensing, computing and imaging: a tale of two once-troubled cities
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2774–2784, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.298
- commercialization efforts along this path [47], appear to have been beaten by the use of new biocompatible hydrogel coatings. The small size of molecules allows their successful use in these millimetric spaces. A bit of map-making Map-making is not the exclusive domain of cartographers and surveyors. There are sub
Preparation of Pickering emulsions through interfacial adsorption by soft cyclodextrin nanogels
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2355–2364, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.257
- on the type of oil solvent. Our research focuses on a new class of Pickering emulsifiers based on nanometer-sized hydrogel nanoparticles composed of crosslinked CD polymers (hereafter CD nanogels), which have a surface-active property and form stable emulsions at the oil-water interface. Reports on
- CD nanogels have been increasing in terms of drug delivery systems using the nanoporous cavities of the CDs and hydrogel networks, which can effectively store and release molecules [16][17]. However, to the best of our knowledge, the use of CD nanogels as Pickering emulsifiers has yet to be reported
- CD polymer, which can be dispersed in water as well as in nonpolar solvents. This amphiphilic polymer should realize water-swellable hydrogel nanoparticles containing CDs (CD nanogels). In this paper, we describe the preparation of Pickering emulsions using CD nanogels composed of crosslinked DM-β-CD
Self-assemblies of γ-CDs with pentablock copolymers PMA-PPO-PEO-PPO-PMA and endcapping via atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2267–2277, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.247
- different polymer segments. Surprisingly, a white gel was formed after the turbid mixture was stored at 6–8 °C for at least 24 h. The turbidity evolution and hydrogel formation were observed in other PPR samples, except that PEP15CD was rapidly precipitated from the mixture. To endcap PPRs into PRs, the
- calorimeter with a scanning temperature range from 20–80 °C at a scanning rate of 10 °C/min. The transmission electron microscopy image was observed using a JEM 1200EX (JEOL) transmission electron microscope operating at 120 KV. Photographs of the formation of a PEP100M15CD hydrogel. WXRD patterns of γ-CD (A
Synthesis and evaluation of the biostability and cell compatibility of novel conjugates of nucleobase, peptidic epitope, and saccharide
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1352–1359, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.145
- nucleopeptides, to connect a saccharide with the nucleopeptides for producing the target conjugates. All the conjugates themselves (1–8) display excellent solubility in water without forming hydrogels. However, a mixture of 5 and 8 self-assembles to form nanofibers and results in a supramolecular hydrogel. The
- conjugates exhibit excellent solubility in water without resulting in hydrogelation or precipitation. We observed that only the mixture of a proper pair of TTPV-containing (e.g., 5) and LGFNI-containing (8) conjugates self-assembles to form nanofibers and results in a supramolecular hydrogel. Moreover, the
- conjugates 1–8, we tested their gelation properties. Conjugates 1–8 show excellent solubility in water. When being mixed in PBS, 5 and 8 ([5] = [8] = 8.3 mM, pH 6.2) self-assemble to form a hydrogel overnight. The hydrogel of 5 + 8 consists of long and flexible nanofibers (with an average width of 9 ± 2 nm
Probing multivalency in ligand–receptor-mediated adhesion of soft, biomimetic interfaces
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 720–729, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.82
- of surface anchored carbohydrate ligands with a receptor surface, we developed a new method using carbohydrate coated hydrogel particles, also called soft colloidal probes (SCPs) that undergo mechanical deformation when coming into contact a with receptor surface [8][9][10][11]. The mechanical
- interface presenting the sugar ligands has a pronounced effect on the resulting adhesion energy [8]. This was shown by varying the length of poly(ethylene glycol) chains that establish the soft hydrogel matrix of the SCPs and measuring the interactions between mannose SCPs and ConA surfaces. In this work
- pellet and incubated for 5 h. After several washing steps with sodium hydroxide solution (pH 10.3) the dispersion was centrifuged/washed in 1:1 acetic acid/water mixture collecting defined volumes of the supernatant. The amount of hydrogel was determined gravimetrically after drying the SCPs and the
Cyclodextrin–polysaccharide-based, in situ-gelled system for ocular antifungal delivery
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2903–2911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.308
- to solubilize the fluconazole is higher than HPBCD. Thus, to solubilize a concentration of fluconazole of 10 mg/mL, a concentration of HPBCD of 72.24 mg/mL versus 143.40 mg/mL of SBECD (Figure 1) is necessary. One of the main purposes of this study was to design a bioadhesive hydrogel using ion
Anomalous diffusion of Ibuprofen in cyclodextrin nanosponge hydrogels: an HRMAS NMR study
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2715–2723, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.286
- of physical and chemical interactions [17][18]. The formation of hydrogel from CDNS is of particular practical importance as it is an easy and efficient way to load the gel with a given compound by swelling the polymer in an aqueous solution of the molecule of interest. In the past few years the
Synthesis of novel conjugates of a saccharide, amino acids, nucleobase and the evaluation of their cell compatibility
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2406–2413, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.250
- conjugates, which forms compound 5–8, results in no hydrogel (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1C, D and Figure S2C, D). These results suggest that the sequences of the three types of fundamental biological building blocks in the conjugates are critical for their self-assembly. Cell compatibility To
Molecular recognition of surface-immobilized carbohydrates by a synthetic lectin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1354–1364, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.138
- plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy a commercially available polycarboxylate hydrogel sensor surface was employed, which is known to be particularly advantageous for low molecular weight compounds due to the signal amplification caused by multiple binding events in the hydrogel on the sensor. The
- functionalization of the polycarboxylate hydrogel with amine terminated NANA was performed by N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) activation and subsequent peptide coupling. Indeed, using the hydrogel sensor a small but significant SPR signal increase was observed upon the addition of HisHis (see Figure S5 in Supporting
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