Synthesis of new dihydroberberine and tetrahydroberberine analogues and evaluation of their antiproliferative activity on NCI-H1975 cells

• Giacomo Mari,
• Lucia De Crescentini,
• Serena Benedetti,
• Francesco Palma,
• Stefania Santeusanio and
• Fabio Mantellini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1606–1616, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.133

• DMSO-d6 and δ = 7.27 ppm for proton and δ = 77.00 ppm for carbon (middle peak) in CDCl3. All coupling constants (J) are given in Hz. All the NH exchanged with D2O. Precoated aluminium oxide plates 0.25 mm were employed for analytical thin-layer chromatography. All new compounds showed satisfactory

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

• Christopher G. Thomson,
• Ai-Lan Lee and
• Filipe Vilela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1495–1549, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.125

Copper-catalysed alkylation of heterocyclic acceptors with organometallic reagents

• Yafei Guo and
• Syuzanna R. Harutyunyan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1006–1021, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.90

• aluminium reagents and commercial alkylaluminium reagents were examined in this methodology, providing the corresponding products with a moderate yield but high enantioselectivity (Scheme 2B). In 2009, Feringa and co-workers presented the first highly enantioselective 1,2-addition of dialkylzinc reagents to

Copper-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of organometallic reagents to challenging Michael acceptors

• Delphine Pichon,
• Jennifer Morvan,
• Christophe Crévisy and
• Marc Mauduit

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 212–232, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.24

• -product, some Grignard or aluminium reagents remain too reactive and incompatible with some electron-withdrawing functions. In contrast, some organometallic reagents, such as dimethylzinc, are poorly reactive and require a higher electrophilicity of the Michael acceptors to provide the desired conjugated

• described a catalytic system based on multinuclear copper/aluminium complexes and phenolphosphine-based ligands L17a/b and L18, allowing the selective 1,4-addition of trimethylaluminium to three α,β-unsaturated N-acylpyrroles with moderate to good yields (54 to 87%) and excellent enantioselectivities (94 to

Palladium-catalyzed synthesis and nucleotide pyrophosphatase inhibition of benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]indoles

• Hoang Huy Do,
• Saif Ullah,
• Alexander Villinger,
• Joanna Lecka,
• Jean Sévigny,
• Peter Ehlers,
• Jamshed Iqbal and
• Peter Langer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2830–2839, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.276

• inert atmosphere of argon. Concentrations (c) in the general procedures refer to the limiting reagent and are given in mmol/mL. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on Merck aluminium foil backed sheets precoated with 0.2 mm Kielselgel 60 F254. The spots were visualized by UV irradiation (λ

Effect of ring size on photoisomerization properties of stiff stilbene macrocycles

• Sandra Olsson,
• Óscar Benito Pérez,
• Magnus Blom and
• Adolf Gogoll

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2408–2418, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.233

• well-established reactions (Scheme 2). The indanone is formed by intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation of 2 under microwave radiation as reported by Oliverio et al. [23]. The second step is the demethylation of indanone methyl ether 3 by aluminium trichloride in toluene at reflux [24]. Two indanone

Azologization and repurposing of a hetero-stilbene-based kinase inhibitor: towards the design of photoswitchable sirtuin inhibitors

• Christoph W. Grathwol,
• Nathalie Wössner,
• Sören Swyter,
• Adam C. Smith,
• Enrico Tapavicza,
• Robert K. Hofstetter,
• Anja Bodtke,
• Manfred Jung and
• Andreas Link

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2170–2183, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.214

• from Acros Organics. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was executed on silica gel 60 F254 aluminium plates purchased from Merck. Visualization of the compounds was accomplished by UV-light (254 nm and 366 nm) and by staining with iodine, DNPH/H2SO4 (2 g 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and 5 mL H2SO4 in 50 mL

Complexation of 2,6-helic[6]arene and its derivatives with 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salts and protonated 4,4'-bipyridinium salts: an acid–base controllable complexation

• Jing Li,
• Qiang Shi,
• Ying Han and
• Chuan-Feng Chen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1795–1804, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.173

• presence of sodium hydride. Helic[6]arene derivative H5 was synthesized by treatment of H1 with methyl bromoacetate followed by reduction with lithium aluminium hydride (Scheme 1). The guests G1–3 were prepared according to previously reported procedures [37][38][39]. Guest G4 was synthesized through

A novel three-component reaction between isocyanides, alcohols or thiols and elemental sulfur: a mild, catalyst-free approach towards O-thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates

• András György Németh,
• György Miklós Keserű and
• Péter Ábrányi-Balogh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1523–1533, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.155

• the purification procedure, the change of the stationary phase for the column chromatography from aluminium oxide to silica, resulted in an increased yield of 72% (Table 1, entry 2). After the optimization of the purification process, the excess of the reagents and the role of the base were studied

Reaction of oxiranes with cyclodextrins under high-energy ball-milling conditions

• László Jicsinszky,
• Federica Calsolaro,
• Katia Martina,
• Fabio Bucciol,
• Maela Manzoli and
• Giancarlo Cravotto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1448–1459, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.145

• removed (by aluminium oxide) and “recrystallisation” (from acetone) eliminates (oligo)-PG to a pharmaceutically acceptable level [6][7]. However, the low boiling point of the 1,2-propylene oxide generates some safety concerns. The low reaction temperature favours the secondary hydroxy group in CD

Formation of an unexpected 3,3-diphenyl-3H-indazole through a facile intramolecular [2 + 3] cycloaddition of the diazo intermediate

• Andrew T. King,
• Hugh G. Hiscocks,
• Lidia Matesic,
• Mohan Bhadbhade,
• Roger Bishop and
• Alison T. Ung

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1347–1354, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.134

• chemical reagents and analytical grade solvents were obtained from commercial sources such as Sigma-Aldrich, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc. and Merck Millipore. All reactions were monitored using either TLC aluminium oxide 60 F254 neutral or TLC Silica gel 60 F254 with UV detection at 254 nm. 1H NMR

Mechanochemical Friedel–Crafts acylations

• Mateja Đud,
• Anamarija Briš,
• Iva Jušinski,
• Davor Gracin and
• Davor Margetić

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1313–1320, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.130

• acylation reagent with aluminium trichloride. In situ Raman monitoring of reaction of phthalic anhydride with p-xylene. FCR of pyrene and phthalic anhydride. Scope of acylation reagents in FCR under mechanochemical activation conditions and comparison with other reaction conditions (isolated yields

Heck- and Suzuki-coupling approaches to novel hydroquinone inhibitors of calcium ATPase

• Robert J. Kempton,
• Taylor A. Kidd-Kautz,
• Soizic Laurenceau and
• Stefan Paula

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 971–975, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.94

• appended. Unfortunately, reactions of 6 and 8 utilizing catalytic hydrogenation, lithium aluminium hydride by itself as well as with added aluminium chloride or samarium iodide produced only trace amounts of an amine (e.g., 9). When samarium iodide was used as the reagent, the only discernible product (not

• , followed by addition of bromide 5a, potassium phosphate and PdCl2(dppf)2 in DMF at 85 °C for 3.5 h gave the coupled product 10 in 47–63% yields (Scheme 3). In contrast to the case of the Heck coupling products (6 and 8, Scheme 2), nitrile 10 underwent facile reduction with lithium aluminium hydride. The

Catalytic asymmetric oxo-Diels–Alder reactions with chiral atropisomeric biphenyl diols

• Chi-Tung Yeung,
• Wesley Ting Kwok Chan,
• Wai-Sum Lo,
• Ga-Lai Law and
• Wing-Tak Wong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 955–962, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.92

• removing the chiral-resolving menthyl substituent with lithium aluminium hydride (LAH), the enantioselectivity of (R)-d was higher than 99% ee when checked with HPLC (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3). Catalyst 4 was then obtained by homo-coupling of (R)-d with Ni(PPh3)3Br2/Zn with 37% yield. The

Synthesis of the aglycon of scorzodihydrostilbenes B and D

• Katja Weimann and
• Manfred Braun

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 610–616, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.56

• TraceGC Ultra (GC–MS). Column chromatography was performed with Fluka silica gel 60 (230–400 mesh) and thin-layer chromatography was carried out by using Merck TLC Silicagel 60F254 aluminium sheets. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and toluene were refluxed under nitrogen over sodium wire and a small amount of

Synthesis of the polyketide section of seragamide A and related cyclodepsipeptides via Negishi cross coupling

• Jan Hendrik Lang and
• Thomas Lindel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 577–583, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.53

• , geodiamolides and seragamides, is reported. The key step is a Negishi cross coupling of (R)-(3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)zinc(II) bromide and an (E)-iodoalkene that was synthesized via an aluminium ester enolate attack at (R)-propylene oxide. The overall synthesis comprises nine steps with an overall yield

• )-propylene oxide. The C4–C5 double bond would be formed by Corey–Fuchs reaction. Reaction of the aluminium enolate of tert-butyl propionate (9, Scheme 2) with (S)-propylene oxide had provided Taylor et al. with a mixture of diastereomers of α-methylated γ-hydroxyester 11 favouring the (2S,4S)-syn over the

Synthesis and SAR of the antistaphylococcal natural product nematophin from Xenorhabdus nematophila

• Frank Wesche,
• Hélène Adihou,
• Thomas A. Wichelhaus and
• Helge B. Bode

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 535–541, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.47

• aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in DCM to give compounds 14 and 21. Subsequent reduction was achieved with triethylsilane (Et3SiH) in TFA to give 15 and 22. For the synthesis of the primary amine, halides 15 and 22 were converted in a Gabriel synthesis with potassium phthalimide in DMF to the appropriate

Catalysis of linear alkene metathesis by Grubbs-type ruthenium alkylidene complexes containing hemilabile α,α-diphenyl-(monosubstituted-pyridin-2-yl)methanolato ligands

• Tegene T. Tole,
• Johan H. L. Jordaan and
• Hermanus C. M. Vosloo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 194–209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.19

• flushed with nitrogen and the reactor was sealed. The sealed reactor was placed in an aluminium block on a magnetic stirrer. The temperature was set to the desired temperature and allowed to stabilise prior to the reactor being placed in the block. The temperature was regulated throughout the reaction

Systematic synthetic study of four diastereomerically distinct limonene-1,2-diols and their corresponding cyclic carbonates

• Hiroshi Morikawa,
• Jun-ichi Yamaguchi,
• Shun-ichi Sugimura,
• Masato Minamoto,
• Yuuta Gorou,
• Hisatoyo Morinaga and
• Suguru Motokucho

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 130–136, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.13

• previous study was 3 MPa [27], 5 MPa CO2 was applied in the present study to promote a higher consumption of LO. The result showed the isolated yields were improved to 84% yield for 1a and 30% yield for 1d. In our previous report, 1d was reduced by lithium aluminium hydride (LAH) to obtain the

Cobalt-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of the allylic C(sp³)–H bond of simple alkenes to ketones

• Tsuyoshi Mita,
• Masashi Uchiyama,
• Kenichi Michigami and
• Yoshihiro Sato

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2012–2017, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.176

• would lead to a low-valent allylcobalt(I) species, and then C–C bond formation of IV with 2a would proceed at the γ-position to produce cobalt alkoxide(I) V [28][29][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Transmetalation between V and AlMe3 would furnish branched aluminium alkoxide VI along with the

Synthesis of new tricyclic 5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-d][1,4]diazepine derivatives by [3⁺ + 2]-cycloaddition/rearrangement reactions

• Lin-bo Luan,
• Zi-jie Song,
• Zhi-ming Li and
• Quan-rui Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1826–1833, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.155

• ][1,4]diazepinium salts 10 and the related neutral, free bases 13 were synthesized from 4-acetoxy-1-acetyl-4-phenylazo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines 8 and nitriles 9 in the presence of aluminium chloride by the [3+ + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of the in situ generated azocarbenium intermediates 14

Synthesis and photophysical studies of a multivalent photoreactive Ru^II-calix[4]arene complex bearing RGD-containing cyclopentapeptides

• Sofia Kajouj,
• Lionel Marcelis,
• Alice Mattiuzzi,
• Adrien Grassin,
• Damien Dufour,
• Pierre Van Antwerpen,
• Didier Boturyn,
• Eric Defrancq,
• Mathieu Surin,
• Julien De Winter,
• Pascal Gerbaux,
• Ivan Jabin and
• Cécile Moucheron

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1758–1768, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.150

• were used without further purification. Anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide was purchased from ACROS Organics. Reactions were magnetically stirred and monitored by thin-layer chromatography using Fluka silica gel or aluminium oxide on TLC-PET foils with fluorescent indicator at 254 nm. All reactions

Design, synthesis and structure of novel G-2 melamine-based dendrimers incorporating 4-(n-octyloxy)aniline as a peripheral unit

• Cristina Morar,
• Pedro Lameiras,
• Attila Bende,
• Gabriel Katona,
• Emese Gál and
• Mircea Darabantu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1704–1722, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.145

• and solvents were of commercial quality and required no purification prior to use. Melting points were carried out on an ELECTROTHERMAL instrument and were not corrected. Microanalyses were performed on a Carlo Erba CHNOS 1160 apparatus. TLC monitoring was performed by using aluminium sheets with

β-Hydroxy sulfides and their syntheses

• Mokgethwa B. Marakalala,
• Edwin M. Mmutlane and
• Henok H. Kinfe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1668–1692, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.143

• zinc/aluminium chloride. Movassagh et al. reported another simple, general and highly regioselective one pot synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides in good yields from the reaction of styrenes and disulfides using Zn/AlCl3 as a catalyst in aqueous CH3CN at 80 °C, in the presence of oxygen as oxidant (Scheme

Heterogeneous acidic catalysts for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols in green ethereal solvents

• Ugo Azzena,
• Massimo Carraro,
• Gloria Modugno,
• Luisa Pisano and
• Luigi Urtis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1655–1659, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.141

• involving highly polar nucleophilic reagents such as organolithium and organomagnesium compounds or aluminium hydrides, tetrahydropyranylation reactions are usually run in hydrocarbons, chloroalkanes or dipolar aprotic solvents [1][2][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], thus affording a paradigmatic example of