Separation and identification of indene–C₇₀ bisadduct isomers

• Bolong Zhang,
• Jegadesan Subbiah,
• David J. Jones and
• Wallace W. H. Wong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 903–911, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.88

• continuous interpenetrating networks. Some indications on the degree of phase separation can be obtained in tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments (see Supporting Information File 1 for experimental details). Both height and phase AFM images suggested unfavourable phase separation for blend

Syntheses of dibenzo[d,d']benzo[2,1-b:3,4-b']difuran derivatives and their application to organic field-effect transistors

• Minh Anh Truong and
• Koji Nakano

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 805–812, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.79

• anti-DNBDF derivatives [39]. Analysis of thin films The vapor-deposited thin films of syn-DBBDF 5 and syn-DNBDF 6 were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Figure 6 shows the out-of-plane XRD pattern and an AFM image of the thin film of syn-DNBDF 6 on the HMDS-treated

Synthesis and photophysical characteristics of polyfluorene polyrotaxanes

• Aurica Farcas,
• Giulia Tregnago,
• Ana-Maria Resmerita,
• Pierre-Henri Aubert and
• Franco Cacialli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2677–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.288

• phenomenon represents a significant contribution of TM-βCD high coverage. To further explore the effect of the TM-βCD and TM-γCD encapsulations, the surface topography of the copolymers was also investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. Some representative images obtained for the non-rotaxane 3

Star-shaped tetrathiafulvalene oligomers towards the construction of conducting supramolecular assembly

• Masahiko Iyoda and
• Masashi Hasegawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1596–1613, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.175

• hand, the conductivities of the corresponding neutral nanoobjects are determined by pulse-radiolysis or flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity techniques [48][49]. Current-sensing atomic force microscopy (CS-AFM) and combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS

Thiazole-induced rigidification in substituted dithieno-tetrathiafulvalene: the effect of planarisation on charge transport properties

• Rupert G. D. Taylor,
• Joseph Cameron,
• Iain A. Wright,
• Neil Thomson,
• Olena Avramchenko,
• Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
• Anto R. Inigo,
• Tell Tuttle and
• Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1148–1154, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.129

• compound 1. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used in order to analyse the surfaces of the devices fabricated. Shown below in Figure 6 are images from devices containing compound 2 with OTS and PFBT/OTS SAMs. The images look similar with a combination of small and large clusters covering the surface. This

Adsorption mechanism and valency of catechol-functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerols

• Stefanie Krysiak,
• Qiang Wei,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Rainer Haag and
• Thorsten Hugel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 828–836, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.92

• concluded that hyperbranched polyglycerols with added catechol end groups are promising candidates for durable surface coatings. Keywords: adhesion; atomic force microscopy; catechol; hyperbranched polyglycerols; valency; Introduction While underwater glues are still a challenge for industrial adhesive

• adhesives are promising candidates. Understanding the mechanism of the extraordinarily strong adhesive bonds of the catechol group will likely aid in the development of adhesives. With this aim, we study the adhesion of catechol-based adhesives to metal oxides on the molecular level using atomic force

• microscopy (AFM). The comparison of single catechols (dopamine) with multiple catechols on hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPG) at various pH and dwell times allowed us to further increase our understanding. In particular, we were able to elucidate how to achieve strong bonds of different valency. It was

IR and electrochemical synthesis and characterization of thin films of PEDOT grown on platinum single crystal electrodes in [EMMIM]Tf₂N ionic liquid

• Andrea P. Sandoval,
• Marco F. Suárez-Herrera and
• Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.40

• , E-03080 Alicante, Spain 10.3762/bjoc.11.40 Abstract Thin films of PEDOT synthesized on platinum single electrodes in contact with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium triflimide ([EMMIM]Tf2N) were studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, infrared spectroscopy and atomic force

• microscopy. It was found that the polymer grows faster on Pt(111) than on Pt(110) or Pt(100) and that the redox reactions associated with the PEDOT p-doping process are much more reversible in [EMMIM]Tf2N than in acetonitrile. Finally, the ion exchange and charge carriers’ formation during the p-doping

Organic chemistry on surfaces: Direct cyclopropanation by dihalocarbene addition to vinyl terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)

• Malgorzata Adamkiewicz,
• David O’Hagan and
• Georg Hähner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2897–2902, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.307

• dibromo- (:CBr2), dichloro- (:CCl2) and difluoro- (:CF2) carbenes [21][22][23]. The resultant SAMs were analysed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle goniometry, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy. Results and Discussion After exposure to carbenes the vinyl-terminated SAMs were

Solution processable diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) cored small molecules with BODIPY end groups as novel donors for organic solar cells

• Diego Cortizo-Lacalle,
• Calvyn T. Howells,
• Upendra K. Pandey,
• Joseph Cameron,
• Neil J. Findlay,
• Anto Regis Inigo,
• Tell Tuttle,
• Peter J. Skabara and
• Ifor D. W. Samuel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2683–2695, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.283

• (model: C9920-02G), respectively. Solution emission spectra were attained for samples dissolved in dichloromethane with a FluoroMax 2 spectrometer. For microscopy a WiTec AlphaSNOM was used for wide-field images and a Veeco scanning probe microscope (SPM) was used in tapping mode for atomic force

• microscopy (AFM). Theoretical calculations DFT optimisations were carried out in TURBOMOLE 6.3.1 [57] using B97-D [58] functional with def2-TZVP [59] basis set in dichloromethane using COSMO [60] solvent model. RI-J [61] approximation was implemented for these optimisations. TDDFT [62] and CHelpG [51

Encapsulation of biocides by cyclodextrins: toward synergistic effects against pathogens

• Véronique Nardello-Rataj and
• Loïc Leclercq

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2603–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.273

• some 2D gCOSY NMR experiments which proved the formation of inclusion complexes. The deposition of the polymer onto cellulose and the antimicrobial activity against E. coli and Salmonella revealed that triclosan was more effective. Atomic force microscopy was used to understand the biocidal mechanism

The effect of permodified cyclodextrins encapsulation on the photophysical properties of a polyfluorene with randomly distributed electron-donor and rotaxane electron-acceptor units

• Aurica Farcas,
• Ana-Maria Resmerita,
• Pierre-Henri Aubert,
• Flavian Farcas,
• Iuliana Stoica and
• Anton Airinei

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2145–2156, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.222

• investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. Multiple scans with sides of 1 to 20 μm were carried out over square areas. Selected representative images obtained for the non-rotaxane 4, 4a and 4b polyrotaxanes over areas of 20 × 20 µm2 and 5 × 5 µm2 are shown in Figure 10. Based on the calculated

• and studied in the interval −2.5 and +2.0 V vs Ag wire. Cathodic and anodic scans were performed independently. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were collected in semi-contact mode with a Solver PRO-M (NT-MDT Co, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia) by means of a commercially available NSG03 rectangular

Bis(β-lactosyl)-[60]fullerene as novel class of glycolipids useful for the detection and the decontamination of biological toxins of the Ricinus communis family

• Hirofumi Dohi,
• Takeru Kanazawa,
• Akihiro Saito,
• Keita Sato,
• Hirotaka Uzawa,
• Yasuo Seto and
• Yoshihiro Nishida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1504–1512, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.155

• mono- and bis(α-D-mannopyranosyl)-[60]fullerenes in both AFM (atomic force microscopy) and DLS analyses. Probably, the smaller particles are bilayer vesicles that are stable in DMSO and pyridine while they can be destructed in parts by treatment with surfactants such as Triton-X [25]. These nano-sized

Molecular recognition of surface-immobilized carbohydrates by a synthetic lectin

• Melanie Rauschenberg,
• Eva-Corrina Fritz,
• Christian Schulz,
• Tobias Kaufmann and
• Bart Jan Ravoo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1354–1364, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.138

• ]. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) of patterned epoxide SAMs was performed to verify the success of the printing process. The AFM height profiles of a pattern of NANA ink printed with a patterned stamp (10 μm stripes that are spaced by a 5 μm gap) as well as a cross printed pattern obtained

• obtained spectra were analyzed using the Casa XPS (version 2.3.15, Casa software Ltd, Teignmouth/UK) software and were referenced to the C(1s)-peak of the saturated hydrocarbons by setting it to 285 eV. All measurements were carried out on silicon substrates. Atomic force microscopy (AFM): AFM images were

Novel indolin-2-one-substituted methanofullerenes bearing long n-alkyl chains: synthesis and application in bulk-heterojunction solar cells

• Irina P. Romanova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Inessa A. Izdelieva,
• Vasily A. Trukhanov,
• Gulnara R. Shaikhutdinova,
• Dmitry G. Yakhvarov,
• Shamil K. Latypov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Vladimir A. Dyakov,
• Ilya V. Golovnin,
• Dmitry Yu. Paraschuk and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1121–1128, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.111

• unbalanced transport of electrons and holes in the active layer and space charge formation, which decreases the photocurrent and PCE [20]. The surface of the P3HT/AIM blended films was studied by atomic-force microscopy (AFM). Generally, the P3HT/AIM 7–9 films showed a phase separated morphology with a

• the sample was set to about 100 mW/cm2 with the help of a bolometric detector. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the polymer-fulllerene blended films were recorded with a Smena instrument (NT-MDT) in the tapping mode. Structures of the indolinone-substituted methanofullerenes prepared earlier

A new building block for DNA network formation by self-assembly and polymerase chain reaction

• Holger Bußkamp,
• Sascha Keller,
• Marta Robotta,
• Malte Drescher and
• Andreas Marx

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1037–1046, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.104

• electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The findings indicate that rather rigid DNA networks were formed. This presents a new bottom-up approach for DNA material formation and might find applications like in the generation of functional

• geometric restriction of the branching unit, the enzymatic generation of complex DNA networks by PCR was feasible. The novel generated DNA networks were investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, dynamics light scattering, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy on

• products were observed in the absence of template DNA under identical conditions (see Supporting Information File 1). Characterization of DNA networks. The formed DNA networks were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the tapping mode [43][44]. The original sample solutions were diluted to a

Self-assembled organic–inorganic magnetic hybrid adsorbent ferrite based on cyclodextrin nanoparticles

• Ângelo M. L. Denadai,
• Frederico B. De Sousa,
• Joel J. Passos,
• Fernando C. Guatimosim,
• Kirla D. Barbosa,
• Ana E. Burgos,
• Fernando Castro de Oliveira,
• Jeann C. da Silva,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Nelcy D. S. Mohallem and
• Rubén D. Sinisterra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1867–1876, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.215

• microscopy (SEM) was performed in a JEOL, JSM 840A at 4–10 KV in which samples were covered with a thin gold layer, for electronic contrast. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained in a FEI TECNAI G2 with a thermo-ionic gun at 200 kV. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images were obtained

• thermal analysis (TG/DTA), and by their magnetic behavior in aqueous suspension (see Supporting Information File 1). Fe-Ni/Zn and Fe-Ni/Zn/βCD nanoparticles morphologies were investigated in the solid state by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and atomic force

• microscopy (AFM). Size distribution and colloidal suspension stability were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and sedimentation kinetic studies by using UV–vis spectroscopy. Ferrite binding sites were characterized by zeta potential (ZP) and potentiometric titration. The free volume for both

Synthesis and characterization of low-molecular-weight π-conjugated polymers covered by persilylated β-cyclodextrin

• Aurica Farcas,
• Ana-Maria Resmerita,
• Andreea Stefanache,
• Mihaela Balan and
• Valeria Harabagiu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1505–1514, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.170

• scanning probe microscope (NT-MDT, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia), in atomic force microscopy (AFM) configuration. The scan area was 2 × 2 µm2. Rectangular silicon cantilevers NSG10 (NT-MDT, Russia) with tips of high aspect ratio were used. All images were acquired in air, at room temperature (23 °C), in

Self-assembly and semiconductivity of an oligothiophene supergelator

• Pampa Pratihar,
• Suhrit Ghosh,
• Vladimir Stepanenko,
• Sameer Patwardhan,
• Ferdinand C. Grozema,
• Laurens D. A. Siebbeles and
• Frank Würthner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1070–1078, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.122

• quaterthiophene derivative T1 was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the tapping mode. As an illustrative example, the AFM images of T1 gel in MCH deposited on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) are shown in Figure 1. These images clearly show interconnected long fibers a few micrometers in length

• higher values and the sample equilibrated for 10 min prior to each measurement after the particular temperature was reached. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. AFM measurements were carried out under ambient conditions with a Veeco MultiModeTM Nanoscope IV system operating in the tapping mode in

Pyridinium based amphiphilic hydrogelators as potential antibacterial agents

• Sayanti Brahmachari,
• Sisir Debnath,
• Sounak Dutta and
• Prasanta Kumar Das

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 859–868, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.101

• microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photoluminescence, FTIR studies, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and 2D NOESY experiments were carried out to elucidate the different non-covalent interactions responsible for the self-assembled gelation. The formation of three-dimensional supramolecular aggregates

• fluorescence spectroscopy. The topographical features of the soft matter were visualized using different microscopic techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM)). Interestingly, these compounds were found to show excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram

Self-assembled ordered structures in thin films of HAT5 discotic liquid crystal

• Piero Morales,
• Jan Lagerwall,
• Paolo Vacca,
• Sabine Laschat and
• Giusy Scalia

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 51, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.51

• or spin-coating, were investigated by atomic force microscopy and polarizing optical microscopy, revealing large-scale ordered structures substantially different from those typically observed in standard samples of the same material. Thin and very long fibrils of planar-aligned liquid crystal were

• ensured thinner films had a uniformly black aspect. The origin of the black background is the extremely small thickness of the LC film, giving negligible effective birefringence, even for a director in planar orientation. The analysis of these regions thus relied mainly on atomic force microscopy (AFM

• the substrate surface. All the samples were then kept for 2 h at 56 °C in a vacuum oven to ensure complete evaporation of the solvent. The investigations of the deposited layers were performed by polarizing optical microscopy and by atomic force microscopy. An Olympus BH-2 optical microscope equipped