Efficient synthesis of aziridinecyclooctanediol and 3-aminocyclooctanetriol

• Emine Salamci and
• Ayse Kilic Lafzi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1539–1543, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.163

• -azido-3,8-bis(benzyloxy)cyclooctyl methanesulfonate with Zn/NH4Cl and debenzylation resulted in the target aziridinecyclooctanediol. Keywords: aminocyclitols; aminocyclooctanetriol; azides; aziridines; aziridinecyclooctanediol; Introduction Aziridines are the smallest nitrogen-containing heterocycles

• . This difference is due to the occurrence of dynamic balance when the system is heated. A general and versatile method for the synthesis of azides involves the reaction of a mesylate with sodium azide. Therefore, the dimesylate 8 was first reacted with an excess of sodium azide in DMF at 105 °C to give

Synthetic strategies for the preparation of γ-phostams: 1,2-azaphospholidine 2-oxides and 1,2-azaphospholine 2-oxides

• Jiaxi Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 889–915, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.90

• method to synthesize 1,2-azaphospholidine 2-oxide derivatives 13. Arylphosphinyl azides generate arylphosphinyl nitrenes under photoirradiation. The phosphinyl nitrenes underwent an intramolecular insertion into the ortho C–H bond of the aryl group accompanied with the Curtius-like rearrangement as well

• [24]. Both monomesityl and dimesitylphosphinyl azides 14 generated 2,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]azaphosphole 1-oxides 15 in 31% and 20%, respectively, via an intramolecular nitrene C–H insertion, for dimesitylphosphinyl azide (14b), with 51% yield of phosphonamidate 16 as byproduct. Bis(2,4,6

• ). Synthesis of 2-aryl-1-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]azaphosphole 1-oxides 13 from N-aryl-2-chloromethylphenyl(methyl)phosphinamides 12. Synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[c][1,2]azaphosphole 1-oxides from alkylarylphosphinyl or diarylphosphinyl azides via an intramolecular nitrene C–H insertion. Synthesis of 3

Synthesis of novel alkynyl imidazopyridinyl selenides: copper-catalyzed tandem selenation of selenium with 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and terminal alkynes

• Mio Matsumura,
• Kaho Tsukada,
• Kiwa Sugimoto,
• Yuki Murata and
• Shuji Yasuike

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.87

• –Prakash reagent (TMSCF3) in the presence of Cs2CO3 as base in MeCN at 0 °C gave product 7 with a trifluoromethyl group. Stefani et al. reported the 1,3-dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) of organotellanyl alkynes with organic azides in the presence of a copper reagent to form 5-organotellanyl-1,2,3

Inductive heating and flow chemistry – a perfect synergy of emerging enabling technologies

• Conrad Kuhwald,
• Sibel Türkhan and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 688–706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.70

• reactors (Scheme 12, case A). There, it performs a second role by also becoming a source for a copper catalyst, either by being released into solution or by acting as a surface-active species capable of promoting "click" reactions between alkynes and azides [76][77][78][79][80][81]. The process can be

BINOL as a chiral element in mechanically interlocked molecules

• Matthias Krajnc and
• Jochen Niemeyer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 508–523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.53

• )-52/(S)-53 were mixed with the dialkynylated amine 54 to give the pseudorotaxanes based on ammonium–phosphate interactions. Subsequent stoppering with bulky azides 55a/b gave rotaxanes (S)-56a/b and (S)-57a/b in yields of 28–58%. These catalysts differ in the length of the axle (n = 0 or 1, for a or b

• ]. Macrocycle (S)-61, featuring two iodotriazole units, was reacted with bis-iodoalkyne 62 and azides 63a/b in order to establish the mechanical bond in an active metal template approach (using the conformational flexibility of the iodotriazole groups for copper N-ligation). Subsequent N-methylation of the

Site-selective reactions mediated by molecular containers

• Rui Wang and
• Yang Yu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 309–324, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.35

• , azides, halides and alkenes, oxidation of remote C–H bonds and alkenes, and substitution reactions involving ring-opening cyclization of epoxides, nucleophilic substitution of allylic chlorides, and hydrolysis reactions. The product selectivity is interpreted as the consequence of the space shape and

Iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems

• Austin Pounder and
• William Tam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2848–2893, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.196

• synthesis of chain extended azides 149 and γ-azido chloroalkanes 150 in good yield (Scheme 31) [125]. The electronic nature of the alkene had no clear effect on the reactivity of the system; however, no product was detected when unactivated alkenes like when cyclohexene was used. This strategy was also

• utility of their reaction, the authors studied the one-pot conversion of the vinyl azides to 2H-azirines 161. The carboazidation reaction for the aryl alkynes was completed in a comparable amount of time. A myriad of different functionalized π-systems was tolerated by the reaction, demonstrating its

Synthesis of new bile acid-fused tetrazoles using the Schmidt reaction

• Dušan Đ. Škorić,
• Olivera R. Klisurić,
• Dimitar S. Jakimov,
• Marija N. Sakač and
• János J. Csanádi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2611–2620, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.174

• . Intramolecular Schmidt reaction of alkyl azides and ketones, which follows the first pathway in the mechanism, found especially broad application in the synthesis of different lactams [23][24]. Serious drawbacks of the Schmidt reaction for tetrazole synthesis are the need for a large excess of the hazardous

• reported Lewis acid-mediated enone reactions with alkyl azides yielding enaminones [48]. Similarly, as with ketone, reactivity of the enone derivative 4 with HN3 in the presence of BF3⋅OEt2 (Table 2, entry 1) was examined. It was shown that a longer time is needed to achieve conversion, and the yield was

Visible-light-mediated copper photocatalysis for organic syntheses

• Yajing Zhang,
• Qian Wang,
• Zongsheng Yan,
• Donglai Ma and
• Yuguang Zheng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2520–2542, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.169

• [Cu(dap)2Cl] and visible light are necessary for this transformation. In 2013, Ollivier and co-workers [45] successfully applied the same strategy to the allylation of diphenyliodonium 2. In 2017, Liu’s group [46] reported the copper salt-catalyzed cyclization of vinyl azides 3 with ammonium

Recent advances in the tandem annulation of 1,3-enynes to functionalized pyridine and pyrrole derivatives

• Yi Liu,
• Puying Luo,
• Yang Fu,
• Tianxin Hao,
• Xuan Liu,
• Qiuping Ding and
• Yiyuan Peng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2462–2476, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.163

• condensation of α-halogenated carbonyl compounds, β-dicarbonyl compounds and amines; and iv) the latest developed multicomponent tandem reactions and transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Recently, substantial achievements have been made using azides as a

• functionalized pyridines and pyrroles. Review Synthesis of pyridines via tandem annulation of 1,3-enynes In 2015, Reddy and co-workers reported the synthesis of substituted pyridines via Lewis acid-mediated aza-annulation of 2-en-4-ynyl azides 1 (Scheme 1) [49]. They discovered that Ag-mediated intramolecular

• annulation of 2-en-4-ynyl azides 1 could provide the corresponding 3,6-disubstituted pyridines 2 in 60–88% yield in the presence of TFA (2.0 equiv). The reaction substrates, 2-en-4-ynyl azides 1, derived from MBH acetates of acetylenic aldehydes, could tolerate various substituted aryl, indolyl, and alkyl

(Phenylamino)pyrimidine-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as analogs of imatinib: searching for novel compounds against chronic myeloid leukemia

• Luiz Claudio Ferreira Pimentel,
• Lucas Villas Boas Hoelz,
• Henayle Fernandes Canzian,
• Frederico Silva Castelo Branco,
• Andressa Paula de Oliveira,
• Vinicius Rangel Campos,
• Floriano Paes Silva Júnior,
• Rafael Ferreira Dantas,
• Jackson Antônio Lamounier Camargos Resende,
• Anna Claudia Cunha,
• Nubia Boechat and
• Mônica Macedo Bastos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2260–2269, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.144

• cycloaddition reactions via the copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) of the azides 5 and 9 with suitably functionalized acetylenes 6a–j, using sodium ascorbate and copper sulfate in ACN/H2O 2:1 under microwave irradiation were carried out to obtain the 1,4-regioisomers of the final

On the application of 3d metals for C–H activation toward bioactive compounds: The key step for the synthesis of silver bullets

• Renato L. Carvalho,
• Amanda S. de Miranda,
• Mateus P. Nunes,
• Roberto S. Gomes,
• Guilherme A. M. Jardim and
• Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1849–1938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.126

Sustainable manganese catalysis for late-stage C–H functionalization of bioactive structural motifs

• Jongwoo Son

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1733–1751, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.122

• operationally simple fluorination strategy suitable for bioactive structural motifs. Manganese-catalyzed late-stage C–H azidation In organic synthesis, organic azides are of considerable significance in the fields of medicinal chemistry, chemical biology, and nanotechnology as they can participate in elegant

A recent overview on the synthesis of 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles

• Pezhman Shiri,
• Ali Mohammad Amani and
• Thomas Mayer-Gall

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1600–1628, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.114

• industry. The current review aims to cover a wide literature survey of numerous synthetic strategies. Recent reports (2017–2021) in the field of 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles are emphasized in this current review. Keywords: azides; Click reaction; [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition; fully functionalized 1,2,3

• applications of these five-membered N-heterocycles are the result of both their easy synthetic procedures and ring functionalization [9][31][32]. Typically, 1,2,3-triazole derivatives are prepared via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azides and alkynes [33]. It is worth noting that the metal

• 1,2,3-triazoles through multicomponent reactions and the relevant mechanistic aspects have been surveyed by Chen, Ren, et al. [27]. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azides and alkynes is the most efficient pathway for the preparation of disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The copper

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

• Guido Gambacorta,
• James S. Sharley and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

Microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions in heterocyclic chemistry and mechanistic aspects

• Shivani Gulati,
• Stephy Elza John and
• Nagula Shankaraiah

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 819–865, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.71

Synthesis of β-triazolylenones via metal-free desulfonylative alkylation of N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles

• Soumyaranjan Pati,
• Renata G. Almeida,
• Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior and
• Irishi N. N. Namboothiri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.66

• azides and alkynes [14][15]. However, the formation of the nitrogenated azoles by the classical Huisgen methodology is slow due to its high activation energies and also lack of regiochemical control, in general, leading to a mixture of 1,4- and 1,5-regioisomers of 1,2,3-triazoles. Later, Sharpless and

• alternative approach for the synthesis of such triazole moiety 3a is the [3 + 2] cycloaddition between alkynes and the corresponding azides. However, the major disadvantage of such a strategy is the use of 3-azidoenone which is difficult to handle owing to its explosive nature. Therefore, our method provides

DNA with zwitterionic and negatively charged phosphate modifications: Formation of DNA triplexes, duplexes and cell uptake studies

• Yongdong Su,
• Maitsetseg Bayarjargal,
• Tracy K. Hale and
• Vyacheslav V. Filichev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.65

• modifications were introduced into the DNA backbone using the Staudinger reaction between the 3’,5’-dinucleoside β-cyanoethyl phosphite triester formed during DNA synthesis and sulfonyl azides, 4-(azidosulfonyl)-N,N,N-trimethylbutan-1-aminium iodide (N+ azide) or p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl or Ts) azide, to

Synthesis of N-perfluoroalkyl-3,4-disubstituted pyrroles by rhodium-catalyzed transannulation of N-fluoroalkyl-1,2,3-triazoles with terminal alkynes

• Olga Bakhanovich,
• Viktor Khutorianskyi,
• Vladimir Motornov and
• Petr Beier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 504–510, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.44

• , conveniently prepared by [3 + 2] cycloadditions of terminal alkynes with sulfonyl azides, have been used as the precursors to N-sulfonylindoles by transition-metal-catalyzed transannulation reactions. In the presence of Rh(II) or Ni(0) catalysts the triazole ring-opening takes place and intermediate highly

A sustainable strategy for the straightforward preparation of 2H-azirines and highly functionalized NH-aziridines from vinyl azides using a single solvent flow-batch approach

• Michael Andresini,
• Leonardo Degannaro and
• Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.20

• preparation of 2H-azirines and their stereoselective transformation into highly functionalized NH-aziridines, starting from vinyl azides and organolithium compounds. The protocol has been developed using cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) as an environmentally benign solvent, resulting into a sustainable, safe

• of vinyl azides, or by other strategies involving oximes, imines and oxazoles [24]. One appealing strategy for the preparation of 2H-azirines involves the use of readily available vinyl azides [25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, the batch cyclization of vinyl azides into the corresponding 2H-azirines

• could generate some risks, due to the explosive nature of organic azides, and possible overpressure issues caused by nitrogen generation at high temperatures. Consequently, scalability and control of this processes represents a real challenge. The exploitation of microfluidic technologies has therefore

Regioselective synthesis of heterocyclic N-sulfonyl amidines from heteroaromatic thioamides and sulfonyl azides

• Vladimir Ilkin,
• Vera Berseneva,
• Tetyana Beryozkina,
• Tatiana Glukhareva,
• Lidia Dianova,
• Wim Dehaen,
• Eugenia Seliverstova and
• Vasiliy Bakulev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2937–2947, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.243

• thioamides with alkyl- and arylsulfonyl azides. For each type of thioamides a reliable procedure to prepare N-sulfonyl amidines in good yields was found. Reactions of 1-aryl-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbothioamides with azides were shown to be accompanied with a Dimroth rearrangement to form 1-unsubstituted 5

• -arylamino-1,2,3-triazole-4-N-sulfonylcarbimidamides. 2,5-Dithiocarbamoylpyridine reacts with sulfonyl azides to form a pyridine bearing two sulfonyl amidine groups. Keywords: amidines; Dimroth rearrangement; isoxazoles; sulfonyl thiazoles; thioamides; 1,2,3-triazoles; Introduction The biological activity

• commonly used methods to prepare these compounds include the Cu-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of alkynes, sulfonyl azides and amines [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], the reaction of thioacetamide derivatives and cyclic thioamides with sulfonyl azides [22][32][33], the chlorophosphite-mediated

Synthesis and investigation of quadruplex-DNA-binding, 9-O-substituted berberine derivatives

• Jonas Becher,
• Daria V. Berdnikova,
• Heiko Ihmels and
• Christopher Stremmel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2795–2806, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.230

• -forming repeat unit from the “insulin-linked polymorphic region” (ILPR) [50], that was also shown to bind quadruplex ligands [51]. Results Synthesis As the Cu-catalyzed click reaction between azides and alkynes is a well-established method for the variable functionalization of G4-DNA ligands [52], the

Design and synthesis of a bis-macrocyclic host and guests as building blocks for small molecular knots

• Elizabeth A. Margolis,
• Rebecca J. Keyes,
• Stephen D. Lockey IV and
• Edward E. Fenlon

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2314–2321, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.192

• . Keywords: alkynes; azides; host–guest; macrocycles; molecular knots; Introduction Macrocycles have played a central role in the development of molecular recognition, self-assembled molecular devices, and molecular topology [1][2][3][4][5][6]. For example, early work by Pedersen on crown ethers [1], Lehn

Regiodivergent synthesis of functionalized pyrimidines and imidazoles through phenacyl azides in deep eutectic solvents

• Paola Vitale,
• Luciana Cicco,
• Ilaria Cellamare,
• Filippo M. Perna,
• Antonio Salomone and
• Vito Capriati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1915–1923, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.158

• , Università del Salento, Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy 10.3762/bjoc.16.158 Abstract We report that phenacyl azides are key compounds for a regiodivergent synthesis of valuable, functionalized

• °C) in the presence or absence of bases (Et3N). Keywords: deep eutectic solvents; imidazoles; phenacyl azides; phenacyl halides; pyrimidines; Introduction In a world with dwindling petroleum resources, the setting up of more and more sustainable routes for the preparation of heterocyclic compounds

• (g) heterogeneous “click” cycloaddition reactions [15] using DESs as environmentally responsible and non-innocent reaction media. Telescoped, one-pot transformations of phenacyl halides to symmetrical 2,5-disubstituted pyrazines (A), through phenacyl azides as intermediates, were also found to take

Clickable azide-functionalized bromoarylaldehydes – synthesis and photophysical characterization

• Dominik Göbel,
• Marius Friedrich,
• Enno Lork and
• Boris J. Nachtsheim

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1683–1692, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.139

• triazole 45 in 83% yield. Photophysical properties Finally, we examined the photophysical properties of both the azides and the triazoles. UV–vis absorption measurements of para-bromobenzaldehyde 3 and ortho-bromobenzaldehyde 4 as well as the corresponding triazoles 33–40 were conducted in chloroform