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Search for "biomass" in Full Text gives 73 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Palladium nanoparticles supported on chitin-based nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2477–2483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.201
- Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada 10.3762/bjoc.16.201 Abstract In this report, chitin and chitosan nanocrystals were used as biomass-based supports for Pd nanoparticles (NPs) used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Heck coupling reaction. By using a
- benign conditions, outcompeting the use of other catalysts supported on biomass-based nanomaterials, including cellulose nanocrystals. These initial results show the potential for using chitinous nanomaterials as effective catalyst supports in cross-coupling reactions. Keywords: chitin; chitosan; Heck
- coupling; heterogeneous catalysis; nanomaterial; Introduction Over the past decades, biomass-based nanomaterials have become a highly prevalent topic of research owing to their sustainability, bioavailability, unique structural and morphological characteristics [1]. Particularly dominant in this field are
A proposed sustainability index for synthesis plans based on input provenance and output fate: application to academic and industrial synthesis plans for vanillin as a case study
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.196
- of the target product that is actually used for its intended purpose. Renewable energy sources are defined as originating from hydroelectric, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass sources. The computation of SI is illustrated for 22 synthesis plans of the high commodity flavour ingredient vanillin
- metrics defined for biomass-based carbon chemicals using ethanol equivalent as a common basis: sustainability value of resource replacement, sustainability value of the fate of waste, and sustainability indicator [5][6][7]. Sikdar defined sustainability as the interplay of three domains: economic aspects
- , environmental aspects, and social aspects [8]. Sheldon and Sanders defined sustainability metrics for the production of chemicals from renewable biomass in terms of four criteria: material and energy efficiency, land use, and process economics [9]. Very recently, Egyptian and Lebanese scientists put forward an
One-pot synthesis of isosorbide from cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass: a challenge?
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1713–1721, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.143
- ; isosorbide; lignocellulosic biomass; Introduction Cellulose, a homopolymer of ᴅ-glucose, is the most abundant component of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose is a crystalline polymer due to its intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bond network. The conversion of cellulose to added value chemicals has received
- to sorbitol and 3) dehydration of sorbitol to isosorbide (Scheme 1). Isosorbide, a molecule obtained from biomass can find many applications such as additives, pharmaceuticals [2][3] and monomers for polymer industries [4][5][6]. For instance, one polymer obtained from isosorbide, poly(ethylene-co
- step reported in the literature, several researchers investigated the direct conversion of cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass to isosorbide. Several strategies were employed such as a combination of homogeneous acid and supported metal catalyst, or a combination of supported metal catalyst and solid
Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of Azospirillum doebereinerae type strain GSF71T using linear and one-pot iterative glycosylations
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1700–1705, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.141
- strategies could provide access to large quantities of the oligosaccharides with defined chemical structures and free from biological impurities. Among the nineteen species of Azospirillum, Azospirillum doebereinerae was isolated from the rhizosphere of the biomass producing plant, Miscanthus giganteus [20
Antibacterial scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), egg ribbons, and their dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1596–1605, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.132
- [25]. Yet determining the origin and in vitro production of these metabolites is anything but trivial. Sponges are known to host complex symbiont communities, with up to 30–60% as microbial biomass [13][77]. These highly species-specific communities are most probably vertically transmitted [78] and
An overview on disulfide-catalyzed and -cocatalyzed photoreactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1418–1435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.118
- and abundant source of biomass-derived molecules. Decarboxylative transformations of carboxylic acids into value-added chemical products (such as biofuels) are a key objective in organic synthesis [25]. In 2014, Wallentin and co-workers reported a type of decarboxylation reaction of α-amino acids, α
Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1188–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.104
- , agricultural wastes or biomass as well as ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents or precursor solutions. The preparation of the activated carbon usually involves pre-treatment steps followed by physical or chemical activation and application dependent modification. In addition, highly porous materials can also
- co-workers prepared high surface area AC from wood sawdust [18]. Agricultural waste/ biomass The use of agricultural waste as precursor for activated carbon materials is summarized in a variety of reviews [3][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Any low cost lignocellulosic materials with high carbon content are
- residues is lower compared to anthracite or coal as starting materials. Nevertheless, high volatile matter content in the biomass are advantageous for the production of porous activated carbon materials as well as the low cost of the agricultural waste [22]. Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents Zhang
Oligomeric ricinoleic acid preparation promoted by an efficient and recoverable Brønsted acidic ionic liquid
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.34
- Fei You Xing He Song Gao Hong-Ru Li Liang-Nian He State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China 10.3762/bjoc.16.34 Abstract Raw material from biomass
- liquids; oligomeric ricinoleic acid; ricinoleic acid; sustainable catalysis; Introduction In recent years, the biomass has attracted much attention due to its abundance, renewability and potential of conversion to useful chemicals. It can’t be denied that the diverse transformation and utilization of
- biomass provides an alternative avenue to liberate us from the reliance on petroleum resource [1]. Nowadays, fuels, fine chemicals and functional molecules/materials can be derived from biomass such as lignocellulose and plant oils [2][3], wherein the plant oils play an important role in the polymer
Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions in γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquids
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2907–2913, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.284
- excellent yields (72–99%) and purity (>98%). These results represent an example which proves that biomass-derived safer solvents can be utilized efficiently in common, industrially important transformations exhibiting higher chemical and environmental efficiency. Keywords: catalysis; cross coupling; green
- been carried out in γ-valerolactone-originated ILs, which can act as solvent, ligand and base. Thus, the preparation of various acetylenes in a partially or even biomass-based solvent without any auxiliary material could further control and reduce the environmental impacts of this industrially
Fluorine-containing substituents: metabolism of the α,α-difluoroethyl thioether motif
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1441–1447, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.144
- . After 72 h, the fungal biomass was removed and washed with diethyl ether. The supernatant was extracted into diethyl ether (3 × 50 mL) and dichloromethane (3 × 50 mL), and the combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The extracts were
Mechanochemical amorphization of chitin: impact of apparatus material on performance and contamination
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1217–1225, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.119
- : amorphization; biomass; chitin; hardness; mechanochemistry; metal contamination; Introduction The last decade has seen a tremendous development in the field of mechanochemistry, which was notably covered in the New York Times in 2016 [1]. Yet, mechanochemistry is hardly a novel concept, since it is likely
- materials, which are distinct from what is enabled via solvothermal methods [6][7][8]. Finally, it also opens novel opportunities to react and functionalize solvent recalcitrant materials [9][10][11][12][13], including biomass-based materials [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Although the
- doping effects in coordination polymers [40][41]. Yet a systematic study of quantitative contamination as a function of the medium has not been reported. Mechanochemistry is a promising strategy towards the activation, functionalization and deconstruction of biomass. Mechanochemical activation can
Ugi reaction-derived prolyl peptide catalysts grafted on the renewable polymer polyfurfuryl alcohol for applications in heterogeneous enamine catalysis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1210–1216, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.118
- ) – derived from a renewable resource like sugar cane biomass – for the incorporation of chiral pyrrolidine-based motifs capable to catalyze relevant asymmetric reactions. The incorporation of an organocatalyst into a polymer support requires either conjugation to the polymer or functionalization with a
New terpenoids from the fermentation broth of the edible mushroom Cyclocybe aegerita
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1000–1007, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.98
- . The biomass and suspended substrates was separated by centrifugation. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and qPCR During fermentation, mycelial samples were taken at day 2, 4, 7, 9, 11 and 14 and stored in RNAlater (Qiagen, Venlo, Netherlands) until further use. Fungal mycelium was freeze-dried and ground
Synthesis of a novel category of pseudo-peptides using an Ugi three-component reaction of levulinic acid as bifunctional substrate, amines, and amino acid-based isocyanides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 852–857, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.82
- by acid catalysis from renewable resources, such as sugars, lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials [18]. It can be used as a bifunctional precursor for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and different additives [19]. Furthermore, it is recognized as an excellent starting material
Ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts with monodentate unsymmetrical NHC ligands
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 3122–3149, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.292
- the selective metathesis of linear α-olefins and was successfully applied to selectively re-equilibrate the naphtha fraction (C5–C8) of a Fischer–Tropsch feed derived from biomass to higher value added olefins (C9–C14) that can serve as plasticizer and detergent precursors. An excellent olefin
Thermophilic phosphoribosyltransferases Thermus thermophilus HB27 in nucleotide synthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 3098–3105, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.289
- 8.0. Fractions, containing the target enzyme with a purity of more than 96 %, were pooled and concentrated up to a concentration of 13 ± 1 mg/mL. Isolation and purification of TthAPRT: Cell biomass disruption and heat-treatment was performed as described in section "Isolation and purification of
Targeting the Pseudomonas quinolone signal quorum sensing system for the discovery of novel anti-infective pathoblockers
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2627–2645, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.241
- potent QSI compounds effectively suppressing AQ levels and 2-AA production at reasonable concentrations [69]. Lately, Maura and Rahme were able to demonstrate the effect of M64 (42) on biofilm formation [78]. Biofilm biomass was drastically reduced when treated with 1 and 10 µM of 42 compared to the
Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signaling molecules on adhesion and inflammatory markers in endothelial cells
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2580–2588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.235
- minutes, washed with distilled water and resuspended in a 33% acetic acid solution. The intensity of the suspension was spectrophotometrically assessed, the amount of adhered biomass being proportional to the absorbance value read at 492 nm. Adherence assay to cellular substrate Cell culture. Endothelial
Cobalt–metalloid alloys for electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as an alternative anode reaction in lieu of oxygen evolution during water splitting
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1436–1445, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.121
- large scale electrochemical hydrogen production. Advantageously, the oxidation of an alternative substrate at the anode, for example a biomass-derived fuel, allows to generate high value products besides hydrogen concomitantly with an increase in energy conversion efficiency during electrolysis [4
- valuable product is an appealing approach for increasing the competitiveness of the electrochemical hydrogen production. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a biomass-derived compound that can be converted to economically more valuable 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) via electrochemical oxidation at a
Spectroelectrochemical studies on the effect of cations in the alkaline glycerol oxidation reaction over carbon nanotube-supported Pd nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1428–1435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.120
- oxidation. Keywords: cation effect; electrocatalysis; glycerol oxidation; in situ electrochemistry/IR spectroscopy; Introduction The conversion of biomass to biofuels is a promising process for carbon-neutral energy conversion [1]. First-generation biofuels such as bioethanol or biodiesel are produced
Herpetopanone, a diterpene from Herpetosiphon aurantiacus discovered by isotope labeling
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2458–2465, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.242
- -sterilized aqueous solutions (0.05 M) at the time of inoculation. The fermentation was conducted at 30 °C for 7 days. After centrifugation and removal of the biomass, the supernatant was treated with 10% (w/v) XAD-2 resin (Sigma-Aldrich) in order to adsorb the secreted metabolites. The resin was thoroughly
New bio-nanocomposites based on iron oxides and polysaccharides applied to oxidation and alkylation reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1982–1993, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.194
- in both the oxidation and alkylation reaction reveals a potential method for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Keywords: alkylation; benzyl alcohol; benzyl chloride; iron oxide; mechanochemistry; microwave-assisted oxidation; polysaccharide; toluene; Introduction Heterogeneous catalysis
- toluene, respectively) could find current application in the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass with heterogeneous catalysis. However, the use of heterogeneous catalysts in the aforementioned reactions usually requires a filtration or centrifugation step to recover the catalyst. In order to simplify
Selective enzymatic esterification of lignin model compounds in the ball mill
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1788–1795, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.173
- “Tailor Made Fuels from Biomass” (TMFB), which are funded by the Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments. We are also grateful to the European Union (Marie Curie ITN ‘SuBiCat’ PITN-GA-2013-607044, S.D.) for financial support.
Glycoscience@Synchrotron: Synchrotron radiation applied to structural glycoscience
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1145–1167, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.114
- , or cellulose microfibrils from biomass. For this process to be optimal, some fundamental aspects of the structural and ultrastructural characterization of the cellulosic material have to be ascertained. Indeed, the extraction process should be adapted to the specificity of the various sources (e.g
New tricks of well-known aminoazoles in isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions and antibacterial activity of the compounds synthesized
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1050–1063, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.104
- obtained were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and several of them demonstrated a weak antimicrobial effect, but for most of the compounds a 30–50% increase in biomass of Gram-positive strains (mainly B. subtilis) compared to control was observed. Keywords: 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole; 5-amino-N
- ., anticancer, antidiabetic, etc., because in this case a negative influence on a microflora of the organism is decreased [110]. The other interesting feature of most of the compounds was the 30–50% increase in biomass of Gram-positive strains (mainly B. subtilis) compared to control. As it follows from a brief
- while scaling up the production of biomass with the aim of shortening the time and saving resources [120][121]. Although this is a subject for a future detailed study the results of antibacterial activity allowed outlining the positive tendency. Conclusion In summary, the behavior of 5-amino-N-aryl-1H
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