Identification of the new prenyltransferase Ubi-297 from marine bacteria and elucidation of its substrate specificity

• Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam,
• Huijuan Guo,
• Karsten Willing,
• Thomas Wichard and
• Christine Beemelmanns

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 722–731, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.72

• (final concentration of 0.1 mM). After 12 h, 8-HQA, farnesol, and MgCl2 were added to the fermentation with a final concentration of 1 mM. Fermentation was continued for 3 d at 30 °C, after which the culture was centrifuged and the cell biomass was lyophilized. Dry cell mass (103.6 g) was extracted with

Inductive heating and flow chemistry – a perfect synergy of emerging enabling technologies

• Conrad Kuhwald,
• Sibel Türkhan and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 688–706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.70

• process because a rapid and uniform heating of the biomass and catalyst is important for product quality. Compared to a conventional heating process, the authors found that a higher quality of bio-oil with a higher yield of aromatic hydrocarbons and a lower oxygen content is obtained in a process with RF

• (reaction 1) and steam (reaction 2) methane reforming. Calcination and RF heating. The continuously operated “Sabatier” process. Biofuel production from biomass using inductive heating for pyrolysis. Water electrolysis using an inductively heated electrolysis cell. Dimroth rearrangement (reaction 1) and

Antiviral therapy in shrimp through plant virus VLP containing VP28 dsRNA against WSSV

• Santiago Ramos-Carreño,
• Ivone Giffard-Mena,
• Jose N. Zamudio-Ocadiz,
• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Ricardo Valencia-Yañez,
• Jaime Ruiz-Garcia,
• Maria Teresa Viana and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1360–1373, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.95

• salinity) at 28 ± 1 °C, oxygen > 5.0 mg/L, pH 7.6 ± 0.16 and ammonium < 0.5 mg/L. The postlarvae were fed a commercial diet (Natural Force 35® VIMIFOS, Mexico) at 5% of the total biomass thrice a day. The seawater was filtered (10.5 and 5 µm sediment water filters, respectively), exposed to UV and aerated

• 12 h light and 12 h dark was used. The shrimp were fed with a commercial diet twice a day at 3% of their biomass. Shrimp were gradually acclimatized to 16 ppt and kept 15 days in observation before starting the experiment. Filters containing activated carbon were used to maintain an optimum seawater

• . Before the infection per os, fasted shrimp for 24 hours were fed twice a day with infected ground tissue (≈10 biomass) [46]. Six hours after the last dose, the unconsumed infected tissue was removed, and aquarium water was replaced, per Thomas et al. [49]. Mortality was recorded to register the dose

A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

• Guido Gambacorta,
• James S. Sharley and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

Valorisation of plastic waste via metal-catalysed depolymerisation

• Francesca Liguori,
• Carmen Moreno-Marrodán and
• Pierluigi Barbaro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 589–621, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.53

• turn a challenge into an opportunity [24][25]. The waste-to-products strategy is already in place for both animal [26][27] and plant biomass polymeric waste [28][29], for which mature technologies are operative [30]. When referring to polymers in general, there is often a lack of univocal definitions

• , we will use the term “depolymerisation” to identify the “process of converting a macromolecule into (recoverable) monomers or a mixture of monomers". Another relevant definition is that of “bioplastic”, meaning “biobased polymer derived from the biomass or issued from monomers derived from the

• biomass”, wherein “biobased” indicates “composed or derived in whole or in part of biological products issued from the biomass”. Also, there is no universally accepted definition for “compostable”, as it differs between diverse issuers [34]. The criteria indicated by the European Commission through the

¹⁹F NMR as a tool in chemical biology

• Diana Gimenez,
• Aoife Phelan,
• Cormac D. Murphy and
• Steven L. Cobb

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 293–318, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.28

• pesticide cyhalothrin [106] by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. In the former, 19F NMR demonstrated the appearance of phase 1 (oxidative) and phase 2 (conjugative) metabolites, and in the latter, it was possible to monitor the migration of the pesticide into the biomass in the first 24 h after its

A novel and robust heterogeneous Cu catalyst using modified lignosulfonate as support for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles

• Bingbing Lai,
• Meng Ye,
• Ping Liu,
• Minghao Li,
• Rongxian Bai and
• Yanlong Gu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2888–2902, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.238

• and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China 10.3762/bjoc.16.238 Abstract A waste biomass, sodium lignosulfonate, was treated with sodium 2-formylbenzenesulfonate, and the phenylaldehyde condensation product was then used as

• tricyclic indoles bearing 3,4-fused seven-membered rings, 2‑arylpyridines, aminonaphthalenes and 3-phenylisoquinolines. In addition, this catalyst showed to be recyclable and could be reused several times without significant loss in activity during the course of the reaction process. Keywords: biomass

Palladium nanoparticles supported on chitin-based nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction

• Tony Jin,
• Malickah Hicks,
• Davis Kurdyla,
• Sabahudin Hrapovic,
• Edmond Lam and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2477–2483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.201

• Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada 10.3762/bjoc.16.201 Abstract In this report, chitin and chitosan nanocrystals were used as biomass-based supports for Pd nanoparticles (NPs) used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Heck coupling reaction. By using a

• benign conditions, outcompeting the use of other catalysts supported on biomass-based nanomaterials, including cellulose nanocrystals. These initial results show the potential for using chitinous nanomaterials as effective catalyst supports in cross-coupling reactions. Keywords: chitin; chitosan; Heck

• coupling; heterogeneous catalysis; nanomaterial; Introduction Over the past decades, biomass-based nanomaterials have become a highly prevalent topic of research owing to their sustainability, bioavailability, unique structural and morphological characteristics [1]. Particularly dominant in this field are

A proposed sustainability index for synthesis plans based on input provenance and output fate: application to academic and industrial synthesis plans for vanillin as a case study

• John Andraos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.196

• of the target product that is actually used for its intended purpose. Renewable energy sources are defined as originating from hydroelectric, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass sources. The computation of SI is illustrated for 22 synthesis plans of the high commodity flavour ingredient vanillin

• metrics defined for biomass-based carbon chemicals using ethanol equivalent as a common basis: sustainability value of resource replacement, sustainability value of the fate of waste, and sustainability indicator [5][6][7]. Sikdar defined sustainability as the interplay of three domains: economic aspects

• , environmental aspects, and social aspects [8]. Sheldon and Sanders defined sustainability metrics for the production of chemicals from renewable biomass in terms of four criteria: material and energy efficiency, land use, and process economics [9]. Very recently, Egyptian and Lebanese scientists put forward an

One-pot synthesis of isosorbide from cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass: a challenge?

• Isaline Bonnin,
• Raphaël Mereau,
• Thierry Tassaing and
• Karine De Oliveira Vigier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1713–1721, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.143

• ; isosorbide; lignocellulosic biomass; Introduction Cellulose, a homopolymer of ᴅ-glucose, is the most abundant component of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose is a crystalline polymer due to its intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bond network. The conversion of cellulose to added value chemicals has received

• to sorbitol and 3) dehydration of sorbitol to isosorbide (Scheme 1). Isosorbide, a molecule obtained from biomass can find many applications such as additives, pharmaceuticals [2][3] and monomers for polymer industries [4][5][6]. For instance, one polymer obtained from isosorbide, poly(ethylene-co

• step reported in the literature, several researchers investigated the direct conversion of cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass to isosorbide. Several strategies were employed such as a combination of homogeneous acid and supported metal catalyst, or a combination of supported metal catalyst and solid

Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of Azospirillum doebereinerae type strain GSF71^T using linear and one-pot iterative glycosylations

• Arin Gucchait,
• Pradip Shit and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1700–1705, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.141

• strategies could provide access to large quantities of the oligosaccharides with defined chemical structures and free from biological impurities. Among the nineteen species of Azospirillum, Azospirillum doebereinerae was isolated from the rhizosphere of the biomass producing plant, Miscanthus giganteus [20

Antibacterial scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), egg ribbons, and their dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

• Cora Hertzer,
• Stefan Kehraus,
• Nils Böhringer,
• Fontje Kaligis,
• Robert Bara,
• Dirk Erpenbeck,
• Gert Wörheide,
• Till F. Schäberle,
• Heike Wägele and
• Gabriele M. König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1596–1605, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.132

• [25]. Yet determining the origin and in vitro production of these metabolites is anything but trivial. Sponges are known to host complex symbiont communities, with up to 30–60% as microbial biomass [13][77]. These highly species-specific communities are most probably vertically transmitted [78] and

An overview on disulfide-catalyzed and -cocatalyzed photoreactions

• Yeersen Patehebieke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1418–1435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.118

• and abundant source of biomass-derived molecules. Decarboxylative transformations of carboxylic acids into value-added chemical products (such as biofuels) are a key objective in organic synthesis [25]. In 2014, Wallentin and co-workers reported a type of decarboxylation reaction of α-amino acids, α

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

• Melanie Iwanow,
• Tobias Gärtner,
• Volker Sieber and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1188–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.104

• , agricultural wastes or biomass as well as ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents or precursor solutions. The preparation of the activated carbon usually involves pre-treatment steps followed by physical or chemical activation and application dependent modification. In addition, highly porous materials can also

• co-workers prepared high surface area AC from wood sawdust [18]. Agricultural waste/ biomass The use of agricultural waste as precursor for activated carbon materials is summarized in a variety of reviews [3][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Any low cost lignocellulosic materials with high carbon content are

• residues is lower compared to anthracite or coal as starting materials. Nevertheless, high volatile matter content in the biomass are advantageous for the production of porous activated carbon materials as well as the low cost of the agricultural waste [22]. Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents Zhang

Oligomeric ricinoleic acid preparation promoted by an efficient and recoverable Brønsted acidic ionic liquid

• Fei You,
• Xing He,
• Song Gao,
• Hong-Ru Li and
• Liang-Nian He

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.34

• Fei You Xing He Song Gao Hong-Ru Li Liang-Nian He State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China 10.3762/bjoc.16.34 Abstract Raw material from biomass

• liquids; oligomeric ricinoleic acid; ricinoleic acid; sustainable catalysis; Introduction In recent years, the biomass has attracted much attention due to its abundance, renewability and potential of conversion to useful chemicals. It can’t be denied that the diverse transformation and utilization of

• biomass provides an alternative avenue to liberate us from the reliance on petroleum resource [1]. Nowadays, fuels, fine chemicals and functional molecules/materials can be derived from biomass such as lignocellulose and plant oils [2][3], wherein the plant oils play an important role in the polymer

Palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions in γ-valerolactone-based ionic liquids

• László Orha,
• József M. Tukacs,
• László Kollár and
• László T. Mika

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2907–2913, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.284

• excellent yields (72–99%) and purity (>98%). These results represent an example which proves that biomass-derived safer solvents can be utilized efficiently in common, industrially important transformations exhibiting higher chemical and environmental efficiency. Keywords: catalysis; cross coupling; green

• been carried out in γ-valerolactone-originated ILs, which can act as solvent, ligand and base. Thus, the preparation of various acetylenes in a partially or even biomass-based solvent without any auxiliary material could further control and reduce the environmental impacts of this industrially

Fluorine-containing substituents: metabolism of the α,α-difluoroethyl thioether motif

• Andrea Rodil,
• Alexandra M. Z. Slawin,
• Nawaf Al-Maharik,
• Ren Tomita and
• David O’Hagan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1441–1447, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.144

• . After 72 h, the fungal biomass was removed and washed with diethyl ether. The supernatant was extracted into diethyl ether (3 × 50 mL) and dichloromethane (3 × 50 mL), and the combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The extracts were

Mechanochemical amorphization of chitin: impact of apparatus material on performance and contamination

• Thomas Di Nardo and
• Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1217–1225, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.119

• : amorphization; biomass; chitin; hardness; mechanochemistry; metal contamination; Introduction The last decade has seen a tremendous development in the field of mechanochemistry, which was notably covered in the New York Times in 2016 [1]. Yet, mechanochemistry is hardly a novel concept, since it is likely

• materials, which are distinct from what is enabled via solvothermal methods [6][7][8]. Finally, it also opens novel opportunities to react and functionalize solvent recalcitrant materials [9][10][11][12][13], including biomass-based materials [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Although the

• doping effects in coordination polymers [40][41]. Yet a systematic study of quantitative contamination as a function of the medium has not been reported. Mechanochemistry is a promising strategy towards the activation, functionalization and deconstruction of biomass. Mechanochemical activation can

Ugi reaction-derived prolyl peptide catalysts grafted on the renewable polymer polyfurfuryl alcohol for applications in heterogeneous enamine catalysis

• Alexander F. de la Torre,
• Gabriel S. Scatena,
• Oscar Valdés,
• Daniel G. Rivera and
• Márcio W. Paixão

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1210–1216, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.118

• ) – derived from a renewable resource like sugar cane biomass – for the incorporation of chiral pyrrolidine-based motifs capable to catalyze relevant asymmetric reactions. The incorporation of an organocatalyst into a polymer support requires either conjugation to the polymer or functionalization with a

New terpenoids from the fermentation broth of the edible mushroom Cyclocybe aegerita

• Frank Surup,
• Florian Hennicke,
• Nadine Sella,
• Maria Stroot,
• Steffen Bernecker,
• Sebastian Pfütze,
• Marc Stadler and
• Martin Rühl

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1000–1007, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.98

• . The biomass and suspended substrates was separated by centrifugation. RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and qPCR During fermentation, mycelial samples were taken at day 2, 4, 7, 9, 11 and 14 and stored in RNAlater (Qiagen, Venlo, Netherlands) until further use. Fungal mycelium was freeze-dried and ground

Synthesis of a novel category of pseudo-peptides using an Ugi three-component reaction of levulinic acid as bifunctional substrate, amines, and amino acid-based isocyanides

• Maryam Khalesi,
• Azim Ziyaei Halimehjani and
• Jürgen Martens

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 852–857, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.82

• by acid catalysis from renewable resources, such as sugars, lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials [18]. It can be used as a bifunctional precursor for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, and different additives [19]. Furthermore, it is recognized as an excellent starting material

Ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts with monodentate unsymmetrical NHC ligands

• Veronica Paradiso,
• Chiara Costabile and
• Fabia Grisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 3122–3149, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.292

• the selective metathesis of linear α-olefins and was successfully applied to selectively re-equilibrate the naphtha fraction (C5–C8) of a Fischer–Tropsch feed derived from biomass to higher value added olefins (C9–C14) that can serve as plasticizer and detergent precursors. An excellent olefin

Thermophilic phosphoribosyltransferases Thermus thermophilus HB27 in nucleotide synthesis

• Ilja V. Fateev,
• Ekaterina V. Sinitsina,
• Aiguzel U. Bikanasova,
• Maria A. Kostromina,
• Elena S. Tuzova,
• Larisa V. Esipova,
• Tatiana I. Muravyova,
• Alexei L. Kayushin,
• Irina D. Konstantinova and
• Roman S. Esipov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 3098–3105, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.289

• 8.0. Fractions, containing the target enzyme with a purity of more than 96 %, were pooled and concentrated up to a concentration of 13 ± 1 mg/mL. Isolation and purification of TthAPRT: Cell biomass disruption and heat-treatment was performed as described in section "Isolation and purification of

Targeting the Pseudomonas quinolone signal quorum sensing system for the discovery of novel anti-infective pathoblockers

• Christian Schütz and
• Martin Empting

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2627–2645, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.241

• potent QSI compounds effectively suppressing AQ levels and 2-AA production at reasonable concentrations [69]. Lately, Maura and Rahme were able to demonstrate the effect of M64 (42) on biofilm formation [78]. Biofilm biomass was drastically reduced when treated with 1 and 10 µM of 42 compared to the

Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signaling molecules on adhesion and inflammatory markers in endothelial cells

• Carmen Curutiu,
• Florin Iordache,
• Veronica Lazar,
• Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi,
• Aneta Pop,
• Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc and
• Alina Maria Hoban

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2580–2588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.235

• minutes, washed with distilled water and resuspended in a 33% acetic acid solution. The intensity of the suspension was spectrophotometrically assessed, the amount of adhered biomass being proportional to the absorbance value read at 492 nm. Adherence assay to cellular substrate Cell culture. Endothelial