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Search for "cellulose" in Full Text gives 101 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Easy access to a carbohydrate-based template for stimuli-responsive surfactants

  • Thomas Holmstrøm,
  • Daniel Raydan and
  • Christian Marcus Pedersen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2788–2794, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.229

Graphical Abstract
  • and lipophilic groups at a late stage of the synthesis (Figure 1a). The synthesis is centered around the cheap and commercially available levoglucosan, a glucose derivative that can be produced directly from cellulose [19]. This building block seemed ideal for the synthesis of a stimuli-responsive
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Published 17 Nov 2020

A consensus-based and readable extension of Linear Code for Reaction Rules (LiCoRR)

  • Benjamin P. Kellman,
  • Yujie Zhang,
  • Emma Logomasini,
  • Eric Meinhardt,
  • Karla P. Godinez-Macias,
  • Austin W. T. Chiang,
  • James T. Sorrentino,
  • Chenguang Liang,
  • Bokan Bao,
  • Yusen Zhou,
  • Sachiko Akase,
  • Isami Sogabe,
  • Thukaa Kouka,
  • Elizabeth A. Winzeler,
  • Iain B. H. Wilson,
  • Matthew P. Campbell,
  • Sriram Neelamegham,
  • Frederick J. Krambeck,
  • Kiyoko F. Aoki-Kinoshita and
  • Nathan E. Lewis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2645–2662, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.215

Graphical Abstract
  • syntax for succinctly describing repeating MS units. The repetition structure is denoted by curly brackets, with a prefix of repetition times inside the brackets. For example, cellulose, which is a polymer of ᴅ-glucose residues joined by β-1,4 linkages, is represented as “{nGb4}” (RR1). If a ring
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Commentary
Published 27 Oct 2020

Anion exchange resins in phosphate form as versatile carriers for the reactions catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases

  • Julia N. Artsemyeva,
  • Ekaterina A. Remeeva,
  • Tatiana N. Buravskaya,
  • Irina D. Konstantinova,
  • Roman S. Esipov,
  • Anatoly I. Miroshnikov,
  • Natalia M. Litvinko and
  • Igor A. Mikhailopulo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2607–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.212

Graphical Abstract
  • resin to bind PF-1Pis formed by phosphorolysis. With this aim in view, we conducted preliminary experiments to assess QAE Sephadex A-25, BIO-RAD AG 1-X2 (200–325 mesh), and DEAE-cellulose (100–200 mesh) for their ability to bind PF-1Pis vs that of Dowex-nPi. A standard experiment included phosphorolysis
  • attracted our interest in this compound [57]. It was found that in the presence of QAE Sephadex A-25, BAPR formation reached 67%, while in the case of BIO-RAD AG 1-X2 and DEAE-Cellulose, the yield was 25 and 23%, respectively. Quite unexpectedly in the experiment with Dowex-nPi the conversion of the base
  • capacity 3 ± 0.4 mequiv/g (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals, USA; cat. Number 17-0170-02). (3) BIO-RAD AG® 1-X2 Anion Exchange Resin chloride form, 200–400 mesh, exchange capacity 3.5 mequiv/g (Bio-Rad, USA; cat. Number 1401251). (4) DEAE-Cellulose, exchange capacity 0.6 mequiv/g (Reanal, Hungary; CAS 9013-34-7
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Published 22 Oct 2020

Dawn of a new era in industrial photochemistry: the scale-up of micro- and mesostructured photoreactors

  • Emine Kayahan,
  • Mathias Jacobs,
  • Leen Braeken,
  • Leen C.J. Thomassen,
  • Simon Kuhn,
  • Tom van Gerven and
  • M. Enis Leblebici

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2484–2504, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.202

Graphical Abstract
  • NETmix reactor with a monolithic reactor packed with translucent cellulose acetate monolithic structures. The front glass of the slab, the network of the channels, and the chambers imprinted in the back stainless steel slab of the NETmix reactor were coated with a thin-film photocatalyst (TiO2-P25) by
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Published 08 Oct 2020

Palladium nanoparticles supported on chitin-based nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction

  • Tony Jin,
  • Malickah Hicks,
  • Davis Kurdyla,
  • Sabahudin Hrapovic,
  • Edmond Lam and
  • Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2477–2483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.201

Graphical Abstract
  • benign conditions, outcompeting the use of other catalysts supported on biomass-based nanomaterials, including cellulose nanocrystals. These initial results show the potential for using chitinous nanomaterials as effective catalyst supports in cross-coupling reactions. Keywords: chitin; chitosan; Heck
  • cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which are rod-like nanocrystallites liberated from lignocellulosic biomass under acid hydrolysis conditions [2]. A spectrum of applications have been investigated over the years for this sustainable bio-nanomaterial including drug delivery [3], food packaging [4
  • has attracted similar attention to cellulose. Found primarily in squid, insects, fungi, and the shells of crustaceans (shrimp, crab, and lobster), chitin is the second-most abundant biopolymer after cellulose, with an annual availability of over 6 million tons from crustacean shell waste alone [12
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Published 07 Oct 2020

Computational tools for drawing, building and displaying carbohydrates: a visual guide

  • Kanhaya Lal,
  • Rafael Bermeo and
  • Serge Perez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2448–2468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.199

Graphical Abstract
  • linkage as alpha or beta (or unknown) and to state the positions of the glycosyl acceptor and even donor. Cellulose and amylose are two glucose-based polysaccharides that differ only in the nature of their glycosidic bond, and yet they have entirely different shapes and so, biological roles. For the sake
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Published 02 Oct 2020

One-pot synthesis of isosorbide from cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass: a challenge?

  • Isaline Bonnin,
  • Raphaël Mereau,
  • Thierry Tassaing and
  • Karine De Oliveira Vigier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1713–1721, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.143

Graphical Abstract
  • 10.3762/bjoc.16.143 Abstract The catalytic conversion of (ligno)cellulose is currently subject of intense research. Isosorbide is one of the interesting products that can be produced from (ligno)cellulose as it can be used for the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and polymers
  • . Isosorbide is obtained after the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose, followed by the hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol that is then dehydrated to isosorbide. The one-pot process requires an acid and a hydrogenation catalyst. Several parameters are of importance during the direct conversion of (ligno
  • )cellulose such as the acidity, the crystallinity and the particle size of cellulose as well as the nature of the feedstocks. This review highlights all these parameters and all the strategies employed to produce isosorbide from (ligno)cellulose in a one-pot process. Keywords: catalysis; cellulose
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Published 16 Jul 2020

Mechanochemical green synthesis of hyper-crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers

  • Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo,
  • Fabrizio Caldera,
  • Marco Zanetti,
  • Silvia Lucia Appleton,
  • Nilesh Kumar Dhakar and
  • Francesco Trotta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1554–1563, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.127

Graphical Abstract
  • modifications of starch using ball milling have been reported. These included esterifications and etherifications of starch [19] and cellulose [20]. In 2017, Jicsinszky et al. obtained CD derivatives through a solid-state reaction, using a planetary ball mill [21][22] and by other green processes [23]. The main
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Published 29 Jun 2020

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

  • Christopher G. Thomson,
  • Ai-Lan Lee and
  • Filipe Vilela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1495–1549, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.125

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Published 26 Jun 2020

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

  • Melanie Iwanow,
  • Tobias Gärtner,
  • Volker Sieber and
  • Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1188–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.104

Graphical Abstract
  • and agriculture are well-suited for this purpose [15]. Wood is mainly composed of cellulose (40 to 55 wt %), hemicelluloses (mostly xylan in hardwoods with 20 to 35 wt %) and lignin (18 to 35 wt %). Cellulose maintains the structure of the cell walls of plants and is the most abundant raw material
  • with a production of 1011–1012 tons per year, followed by lignin as second most abundant raw material [16]. Lignin is a three-dimensional phenolic polymer and is responsible for the cementation of cellulose fibres in plants [17]. Hemicelluloses, predominantly xylan, are non-cellulosic polysaccharides
  • with a comparable low molecular weight [15]. Khezami et al. investigated the preparation of activated carbon from wood and its main components: cellulose, xylan and lignin [15]. Suhas et al. reviewed the use of cellulose as well as lignin for activated carbon preparation in detail [16][17]. Hameed and
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Published 02 Jun 2020

A systematic review on silica-, carbon-, and magnetic materials-supported copper species as efficient heterogeneous nanocatalysts in “click” reactions

  • Pezhman Shiri and
  • Jasem Aboonajmi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 551–586, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.52

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Published 01 Apr 2020

Visible-light-induced addition of carboxymethanide to styrene from monochloroacetic acid

  • Kaj M. van Vliet,
  • Nicole S. van Leeuwen,
  • Albert M. Brouwer and
  • Bas de Bruin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 398–408, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.38

Graphical Abstract
  • compound, with applications ranging from thickening agents (carboxymethyl cellulose, E466) [1][2], herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), cosmetics (cocamidopropyl betaine), dyes (indigo vat dye) [3], to pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, glycine, malonates) [4] (see Figure 1). Many reactions with
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Published 16 Mar 2020

Synthesis and circularly polarized luminescence properties of BINOL-derived bisbenzofuro[2,3-b:3’,2’-e]pyridines (BBZFPys)

  • Ryo Takishima,
  • Yuji Nishii,
  • Tomoaki Hinoue,
  • Yoshitane Imai and
  • Masahiro Miura

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 325–336, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.32

Graphical Abstract
  • CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SB columns. Preparation of 6,6'-di-tert-butyl-BINOL (1) Compound 1 was prepared according to a literature procedure [55]. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 1.38 (s, 18H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.82 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 2H
  • ), 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3) δ 69.06; HRMS–APCI (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C38H35F2N2O2, 589.2644; found, 589.2661. The enantiomeric purity was confirmed by HPLC analysis: CHIRAL ART Cellulose-SB column, n-hexane/chloroform 95:5, 1.0 mL/min, 40 °C; (S)-2: tR = 9.86 min, (R)-2: tR = 21.29 min, UV detection
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Published 06 Mar 2020

Azologization and repurposing of a hetero-stilbene-based kinase inhibitor: towards the design of photoswitchable sirtuin inhibitors

  • Christoph W. Grathwol,
  • Nathalie Wössner,
  • Sören Swyter,
  • Adam C. Smith,
  • Enrico Tapavicza,
  • Robert K. Hofstetter,
  • Anja Bodtke,
  • Manfred Jung and
  • Andreas Link

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2170–2183, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.214

Graphical Abstract
  • with a Torus DIOL (Waters) or Phenomenex CSP (Lux Amylose-2, i-Amylose-3, i-Cellulose-5), a degasser (DGU-20A5R), a communications module (CBM-20A), and two back pressure regulators BPR A and B (SFC-30A). UV and MS spectra were recorded via photodiode array detection (SPD-M20A) and electrospray
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Published 16 Sep 2019

Mechanochemical amorphization of chitin: impact of apparatus material on performance and contamination

  • Thomas Di Nardo and
  • Audrey Moores

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1217–1225, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.119

Graphical Abstract
  • cellulose are extracted as highly crystalline material and their mechanochemical amorphization has been explored as a means to favor subsequent depolymerization [16], or functionalization [18]. For functionalization of these materials, it has been shown that amorphization as a pretreatment can be utilized
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Published 05 Jun 2019

Adhesion, forces and the stability of interfaces

  • Robin Guttmann,
  • Johannes Hoja,
  • Christoph Lechner,
  • Reinhard J. Maurer and
  • Alexander F. Sax

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 106–129, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.12

Graphical Abstract
  • equivalent. The systems discussed are polyaromatic molecules adsorbed to graphene and carbon nanotubes; dimers of alcohols and amines; cellulose crystals; and alcohols adsorbed onto cellulose surfaces. Keywords: adhesion energy; adhesive force; dispersion interaction; weak molecular interaction
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Published 11 Jan 2019

Asymmetric synthesis of a high added value chiral amine using immobilized ω-transaminases

  • Antonella Petri,
  • Valeria Colonna and
  • Oreste Piccolo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 60–66, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.6

Graphical Abstract
  • , filtered and after evaporation of the solvent diluted with the mobile phase. Enantiomer separation was achieved on a Jasco HPLC system and a Lux-Cellulose 3 (250 × 4.6 mm) column with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, detection at 216 nm and column temperature of 25 °C. The eluent was hexane/isopropanol 9:1. The
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Published 07 Jan 2019
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  • , triazolo[1,2-a]indazoletrione derivatives, tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives, aromatic/aliphatic sulfide derivatives, and N-substituted pyrrole derivatives. These catalysts were used in cellulose hydrolysis, cellobiose hydrolysis, production of fatty acid ethyl ester, the transesterification of
  • reusability, good to excellent yields, and producing bis-products [49]. Amarasekara and co-workers described the effect of using sulfonic acid group functionalized ILs as catalysts in the hydrolysis of cellulose [50]. After this study, this research group reported that these sulfonic acid group functionalized
  • this IL with or without a range of metal chloride salts was explored in the hydrolysis of cellulose in water. The best result was observed when Mn2+ was used in aqueous media at 170 °C; without using Mn2+, 28.7% of product was produced [52]. In another study by this research group, the combination of
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Published 01 Nov 2018

One hundred years of benzotropone chemistry

  • Arif Dastan,
  • Haydar Kilic and
  • Nurullah Saracoglu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1120–1180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.98

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  • variety of areas in organic chemistry [56][57]. Recently, Shaabani’s group synthesized and characterized palladium nanoparticles supported on ethylenediamine-functionalized cellulose (PdNPs@EDACs) as a novel bio-supported catalyst for Heck and Sonogashira couplings in water [58]. Shaabani’s group reported
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Published 23 May 2018

Mechanochemistry of nucleosides, nucleotides and related materials

  • Olga Eguaogie,
  • Joseph S. Vyle,
  • Patrick F. Conlon,
  • Manuela A. Gîlea and
  • Yipei Liang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 955–970, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.81

Graphical Abstract
  • exhibited enhanced membrane permeability compared with the pure API [85]. The preparation of co-crystals of 5FU with other API’s (imatinib [86] and piperazine [87]) using LAG has also been reported. Solid dispersions of acyclovir (20%) in neutral carriers (chitosan, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose K100M® or
  • mechanoenzymatic transformations of amino acid [102][103][104][105][106][107], cellulose [108] or model lignin [109] substrates. Implicit within these studies is the resilience of chiral centres within both substrate and catalyst towards epimerisation during ball milling. This was also explicitly demonstrated by
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Published 27 Apr 2018

Electrochemically modified Corey–Fuchs reaction for the synthesis of arylalkynes. The case of 2-(2,2-dibromovinyl)naphthalene

  • Fabiana Pandolfi,
  • Isabella Chiarotto and
  • Marta Feroci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 891–899, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.76

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  • experiments were carried out in a divided glass cell separated through a porous glass plug filled with a layer of gel (i.e., methyl cellulose 0.5 vol % dissolved in DMF/Et4NBF4, 1.0 mol dm−3). Pt spirals (apparent area 0.8 cm2) were used as both cathode and anode, unless otherwise specified. Catholyte: 5 mL
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Published 23 Apr 2018

Phosphonic acid: preparation and applications

  • Charlotte M. Sevrain,
  • Mathieu Berchel,
  • Hélène Couthon and
  • Paul-Alain Jaffrès

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2186–2213, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.219

Graphical Abstract
  • depolymerization of cellulose [18] and the synthesis of dihydropyrimidine derivatives [19]. The monosodium salt of phosphonic acids were also employed as organocatalysts for Michael addition [20]. The capacity of phosphonic acids to increase the solubility of organic compounds in water was employed to develop
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Published 20 Oct 2017

Selective enzymatic esterification of lignin model compounds in the ball mill

  • Ulla Weißbach,
  • Saumya Dabral,
  • Laure Konnert,
  • Carsten Bolm and
  • José G. Hernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1788–1795, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.173

Graphical Abstract
  • reactions involving reactants of poor solubility. This characteristic feature of mechanochemistry has proven fundamental while dealing with chemically induced cleavage of biomaterials such as lignin [11][12], cellulose [13][14][15] or chitin [16]. In regard to lignin chemistry, solution-based lignin
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Published 25 Aug 2017

Synthesis of oligonucleotides on a soluble support

  • Harri Lönnberg

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1368–1387, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.134

Graphical Abstract
  • tetramethylguanidine in aq dioxane [39] and aq ammonia, and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. From 980 mg of crude PEG-octamer, 85 mg of pure lyophilized TEA salt of d(5´-TAGCGCTA-3´) was obtained. In other words, the yield of the isolation step was less than 30%. To avoid the modification of
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Published 12 Jul 2017

Sugar-based micro/mesoporous hypercross-linked polymers with in situ embedded silver nanoparticles for catalytic reduction

  • Qing Yin,
  • Qi Chen,
  • Li-Can Lu and
  • Bao-Hang Han

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1212–1221, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.120

Graphical Abstract
  • or embed the AgNPs into a supporting matrix. The loading of AgNPs on different substrates has been reported, for instance, SiO2 [23], TiO2 [24], Al2O3 [25], porous carbon [26], carbonaceous matrix [27], carboxymethyl chitosan [28], zeolite [29], cellulose [30], ZnO paper [31] and polymers such as PVP
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Published 22 Jun 2017
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