Research progress on calixarene/pillararene-based controlled drug release systems

• Liu-Huan Yi,
• Jian Qin,
• Si-Ran Lu,
• Liu-Pan Yang,
• Li-Li Wang and
• Huan Yao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1757–1785, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.139

• release systems based on host–guest selective recognition, self-assembly, and nano-valves by the use of of calixarenes and pillararenes from five perspectives: pH, light, enzyme, hypoxia, and multi-stimuli combination responses. Furthermore, the article projects the future clinical application prospects

• in pH, light, and enzyme activity, the binding affinity between the guest and host molecules can be altered, thereby achieving controlled drug release and targeted delivery. (2) Drugs are loaded into self-assembled host–guest systems [29][30][31][32]. The chemical structure or properties of the host

• or guest molecules are altered upon exposure to specific stimuli, such as light, pH changes, or enzymes. This modification induces the disassembly of the host–guest complex, thereby releasing the encapsulated drugs. Fundamentally, this mechanism relies on controlling the assembly and disassembly

Convenient alternative synthesis of the Malassezia-derived virulence factor malassezione and related compounds

• Karu Ramesh and
• Stephen L. Bearne

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1730–1736, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.135

• , ON, Canada). Reactions were monitored using thin-layer chromatography on aluminium-backed silica plates (Sigma-Aldrich) using either UV-light (254 nm), iodine, KMnO4, phosphomolybdic acid, or p-anisaldehyde for visualization. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was dried and distilled over sodium/benzophenone

Photocatalysis and photochemistry in organic synthesis

• Timothy Noël and
• Bartholomäus Pieber

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1645–1647, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.128

• ; photochemistry; Soon after its first reported synthesis in 1936 [1], [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and its derivatives attracted significant attention due to their photophysical properties [2][3][4]. These complexes can efficiently absorb visible light through a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT

• in the presence of electron donors and acceptors. Furthermore, [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 can engage in Förster and Dexter energy transfer processes, enabling the transfer of excited-state energy to molecules that do not themselves absorb visible light. This versatility is arguably the reason for the tremendous

• impact of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 on several research areas, including solar energy conversion [5], optosensing [6], photodynamic therapy [7][8] and bioimaging [9]. Scattered examples of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 being used as a photocatalyst for visible-light-driven organic synthesis appeared in the scientific literature as

On the aromaticity and photophysics of 1-arylbenzo[a]imidazo[5,1,2-cd]indolizines as bicolor fluorescent molecules for barium tagging in the study of double-beta decay of ¹³⁶Xe

• Eric Iván Velazco-Cabral,
• Fernando Auria-Luna,
• Juan Molina-Canteras,
• Miguel A. Vázquez,
• Iván Rivilla and
• Fernando P. Cossío

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.126

• perchlorate, as indicated in Figure 2 (X = O, Y, Z = Me). The possible coordination patterns are shown. NICS(iso) and NICSzz values at the molecular plane (z = 0) and 1 Å (z = 1) above this plane in a perpendicular direction. Points a–c correspond to the respective ring points, in light red. Perpendicular

• points at z = 1 are shown in light green. Calculateda absorption (λabs, in nm) and emission (λem, in nm) wavelengths of compound 19 at the free and barium perchlorate bound states, using different DFT functionals. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 51: Energies, calculated absorption and

Synthesis of optically active folded cyclic dimers and trimers

• Ena Kumamoto,
• Kana Ogawa,
• Kazunori Okamoto and
• Yasuhiro Morisaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1603–1612, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.124

• %) as a light yellow solid. Rf = 0.73 (CHCl3/hexane = 1:2 v/v); 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) δ 1.20 (s, 42H), 2.97–3.08 (m, 4H), 3.49–3.53 (m, 4H), 7.06 (s, 2H), 7.21 (s, 2H), 7.37–7.40 (m, 4H), 7.60–7.62 (m, 2H), 7.70–7.73 (m, 2H) ppm; 13C NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz) δ 11.48, 18.84, 32.32, 32.57, 92.38, 93.65

• by recyclable HPLC (CH2Cl2 as an eluent) to afford (Sp)-4 (11.8 mg, 0.025 mmol, 45%) as a light yellow solid. Rf = 0.43 (CHCl3/hexane = 1:2 v/v). 1H NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz) δ 2.98–3.09 (m, 4H), 3.39 (s, 2H), 3.43–3.55 (m, 4H), 7.09 (s, 2H), 7.21 (s, 2H), 7.37–7.41 (m, 4H), 7.62–7.65 (m, 2H), 7.70–7.73

• , respectively. Dimer (Sp)-6 (6.8 mg, 0.0062 mmol, 16%) was isolated from the first fraction by recyclable HPLC (CH2Cl2 as an eluent) as a light yellow solid. Trimer (Sp)-7 was isolated from the second fraction by recyclable HPLC (CH2Cl2 as an eluent). Further purification of (Sp)-7 was carried out using chiral

Thermodynamic equilibrium between locally excited and charge transfer states in perylene–phenothiazine dyads

• Issei Fukunaga,
• Shunsuke Kobashi,
• Yuki Nagai,
• Hiroki Horita,
• Hiromitsu Maeda and
• Yoichi Kobayashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1577–1586, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.121

• processes underlying a wide range of applications, including artificial photosynthesis, solar energy conversion, and photocatalysis [1][2][3]. In particular, the formation of long-lived charge-separated states is crucial for efficient energy conversion and advanced photofunctions driven by light. Among

General method for the synthesis of enaminones via photocatalysis

• Paula Pérez-Ramos,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Humberto Rodríguez-Solla

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1535–1543, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.116

• ]. Thus, the use of visible light as an energy source provides more efficient chemical transformations and minimize the use of harmful reagents, the generation of waste and the consumption of energy, fulfilling several principles of Green Chemistry and promoting greener opportunities for organic synthesis

• [37][38]. In this context, the reactivity of enaminones under visible-light-mediated reaction conditions has attracted significant attention [39]. However, it is rather surprising that a photocatalytic approach for the synthesis of enaminones has yet to be explored. Herein, we report the first light

• while 3-iodochromone failed to provide the desired enaminone 9a (Table S7, Supporting Information File 1). Control experiments including the reaction in the absence of visible-light or photocatalyst, showed no product formation (Table 1, entries 16 and 17). Interestingly, the yield of 9a dropped to 30

Azobenzene protonation as a tool for temperature sensing

• Antti Siiskonen,
• Sami Vesamäki and
• Arri Priimagi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1528–1534, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.115

• . Keywords: azobenzene; protonation; sensing; spectral changes; temperature; Introduction Molecular switches are molecules that can reversibly shift between distinct (meta)stable states in response to external stimuli such as light, pH changes, or electric fields [1]. Over the past decades, they have

• emerged as staple building blocks in smart materials, from light-responsive norbornadienes in molecular solar thermal energy storage [2] to pH-sensitive spiropyrans in cell imaging [3], and redox-active viologens in memory junctions [4]. Among the different molecular switches azobenzenes stand out due to

• heavy metal detection [16][19] and humidity sensing [20]. The color changes can be either reversible or irreversible, depending on the mechanism of operation. Spectral tuning also enables switching with low-energy light, eliminating the need for potentially harmful UV irradiation [21]. Utilizing

Highly distinguishable isomeric states of a tripodal arylazopyrazole derivative on graphite through electron/hole-induced switching at ambient conditions

• Himani Malik,
• Sudha Devi,
• Debapriya Gupta,
• Ankit Kumar Gaur,
• Sugumar Venkataramani and
• Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1496–1507, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.112

• switchable probe for light-driven reversible printing and erasing applications [29]. Besides exhibiting excellent photoswitching in solution phase, the tripodal photoswitches exhibit extended half-life of the ZZZ isomer in the solid-state as well [22][29]. The overall efficiency of the molecular switch could

Photoredox-catalyzed arylation of isonitriles by diaryliodonium salts towards benzamides

• Nadezhda M. Metalnikova,
• Nikita S. Antonkin,
• Tuan K. Nguyen,
• Natalia S. Soldatova,
• Alexander V. Nyuchev,
• Mikhail A. Kinzhalov and
• Pavel S. Postnikov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1480–1488, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.110

• synthesis of benzamides via the arylation of isonitriles with diaryliodonium salts under blue light irradiation (Scheme 1C). Results and Discussion We commenced our investigation by the optimization of the reaction conditions. During the preliminary experiments we tested different solvents and solvent-to

• ones [31][32][33] introducing the photocatalyst [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2, which successfully initiated the reaction under blue light irradiation and afforded benzamide 2aa in 36% yield (Table 1, entry 2). In that case less than 2% of the iodonium salt 1a remained in the reaction medium according to the 1H NMR

• [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 as the photocatalyst, under an Ar atmosphere with irradiation by blue LED light (Table 1, entry 2). With the optimized conditions in hands, a series of benzamides 2aa–je were synthesized using various symmetrical diaryliodonium salts 1a–k and isonitriles (Scheme 2). The analysis of

Advances in nitrogen-containing helicenes: synthesis, chiroptical properties, and optoelectronic applications

• Meng Qiu,
• Jing Du,
• Nai-Te Yao,
• Xin-Yue Wang and
• Han-Yuan Gong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1422–1453, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.106

• in applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [8], circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) [9], and chiral photocatalysis [10]. In the past decade, heteroatom-containing helicenes have attracted increasing attention due to their tunable optoelectronic properties and potential

• polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) based on 40 demonstrated a |gEL| of 2.2 × 10−3, a narrow emission bandwidth (FWHM = 49 nm), and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31.5%, placing it among the highest-performing multiple-resonance-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence

• -containing derivatives showed red-shifted emission, broader FWHM, lower PLQYs, and diminished BCPL values, indicating a trade-off between extended conjugation and emissive efficiency. Yin’s group introduced 1,4-BN motifs into compounds 51a and 51b, which emitted blue-green light at 474 and 465 nm

Tautomerism and switching in 7-hydroxy-8-(azophenyl)quinoline and similar compounds

• Lidia Zaharieva,
• Vera Deneva,
• Fadhil S. Kamounah,
• Nikolay Vassilev,
• Ivan Angelov,
• Michael Pittelkow and
• Liudmil Antonov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1404–1421, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.105

• influenced by the structural variations and the environment (temperature, solvent properties, acidity and presence of other molecules). The E/Z isomerization of the azodyes, caused by light irradiation [12][13][14] or electrochemically [15][16], has paved the way for the development of innovative materials

• ][44][45] and systems for energy storage [46][47]. The phototautomerism of azodyes refers to the reversible isomerization process that occurs upon exposure to light, leading to exchange of a proton [48][49]. The obtained tautomeric forms have different optical and chemical properties, which make these

• part is flexible, the excitation of E can lead to E/Z isomerization, which competes with the initial excited-state PT process, reducing its efficiency [52]. The theoretical data, collected in Table 1, can shed light on the potential energy landscape in the ground state for the studied compounds

High-pressure activation for the solvent- and catalyst-free syntheses of heterocycles, pharmaceuticals and esters

• Kelsey Plasse,
• Valerie Wright,
• Guoshu Xie,
• R. Bernadett Vlocskó,
• Alexander Lazarev and
• Béla Török

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1374–1387, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.102

• conducting polymers or scaffolds for drug synthesis. Among them, 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazoles are widely found in many materials, drug candidates, and catalysts. For instance, they can be used in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [38], as water-soluble antitrypanosomatid agents [39], or in the synthesis of

Oxetanes: formation, reactivity and total syntheses of natural products

• Peter Gabko,
• Martin Kalník and
• Maroš Bella

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1324–1373, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.101

• polysubstituted oxetanes 64 (Scheme 18) [57]. The mechanism is based on a 1,5-HAT/radical recombination sequence where the H-atom transfer is triggered by an S0 → T1 excitation of the starting allyl ether 63 using an iridium photosensitiser and blue light for irradiation. The method employs mild reaction

• ] Cycloadditions Another widely used method for oxetane synthesis is the [2 + 2] cycloaddition between carbonyls and olefins (Scheme 19), and the two main variations include light-induced Paternò–Büchi reactions and Lewis acid- or base-catalysed formal [2 + 2] cycloadditions. The main advantages of these reactions

• performing the reaction under visible light irradiation, or coupling the reaction to other light-induced processes to produce new classes of products. In 2018, Aitken and co-workers reported a synthesis of previously unknown tricyclic 4:4:4 oxetanes 73 through a photochemical triple cascade reaction starting

Recent advances in amidyl radical-mediated photocatalytic direct intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer

• Hao-Sen Wang,
• Lin Li,
• Xin Chen,
• Jian-Li Wu,
• Kai Sun,
• Xiao-Lan Chen,
• Ling-Bo Qu and
• Bing Yu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1306–1323, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.100

• modified. In recent years, photocatalysis has been widely adopted due to its green and efficient nature [45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. The generation of amidyl radical is implemented by HRP. Six different methods (Figure 2c), which have been developed for visible-light mediated reactions, could generate

• (SET) process by the cleavage of the N–O bond; (c) direct homolytic cleavage of weak N–S or N–X bonds in HRP initiated in the presence of visible light; (d) the intersystem crossing (ISC) of S1 to T1 state directly from the amide anion. This review is organized by bond cleavage type, offering a deep

• demonstrated the homolytic cleavage of the N–O bond using N-(tert-butyl)-O-(1-phenylvinyl)-phenylhydroxyamide as a HAT reagent [78][79]. This compound was capable of initiating the formation of amidyl radicals through visible light activation. Although their controlled experiments showed that this method was

Recent advances and future challenges in the bottom-up synthesis of azulene-embedded nanographenes

• Bartłomiej Pigulski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1272–1305, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.99

• of an azulene-embedded nanographene 49, featuring embedded contiguous azulene units and a narrowed cove-type edge (Scheme 7) [49]. Compound 46 was first subjected to intramolecular oxidation using light-promoted DDQ and as the result the first azulene subunit was introduced giving PAH 47 in an

• isomers of pentacene (167), hexacene (168) and heptacene (169) were isolated in very good yields. Compounds 167–169 exhibit excellent photostability under ambient air and light conditions, as compared to their isoelectronic acene counterparts, and red-shifted azulene like optical absorption with tail up

Recent advances in oxidative radical difunctionalization of N-arylacrylamides enabled by carbon radical reagents

• Jiangfei Chen,
• Yi-Lin Qu,
• Ming Yuan,
• Xiang-Mei Wu,
• Heng-Pei Jiang,
• Ying Fu and
• Shengrong Guo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1207–1271, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.98

• quinolinone products. Beyond electrochemical protocols, photochemical activation – particularly visible-light photoredox catalysis – has become a powerful and sustainable strategy for generating carbon radicals under mild conditions. In 2023, Fan’s group discovered a radical cyclization of N-arylacrylamides

• radical then reacts with acrylamide to yield the desired product 37. As shown in Scheme 21, a visible light-induced trifluoromethylation/arylation using Umemoto’s reagent for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated oxindole derivatives was reported by Huang and Zhang’s group in 2021 [13]. This method is

• ), the process involves the homolytic cleavage of Umemoto's reagent 39 under visible light irradiation, releasing a trifluoromethyl radical 42. The radical then adds to the double bond of N-arylacrylamide, forming intermediate radical 43. Subsequently, this intermediate undergoes intramolecular

Investigations of amination reactions on an antimalarial 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine scaffold

• Henry S. T. Smith,
• Ben Giuliani,
• Kanchana Wijesekera,
• Kah Yean Lum,
• Sandra Duffy,
• Aaron Lock,
• Jonathan M. White,
• Vicky M. Avery and
• Rohan A. Davis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1126–1134, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.90

• RS UHPLC coupled to a Thermo Scientific ISQ™ EC single quadruple ESI mass spectrometer. HRESIMS data were acquired on a Bruker maXis II ETD ESI-qTOF. TLC was carried out on Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA) silica gel 60 F254 pre-coated aluminium plates and developed plates were visualised using UV light

Gold extraction at the molecular level using α- and β-cyclodextrins

• Susana Santos Braga

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1116–1125, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.89

• protons, which makes it sufficiently hydrophobic to host apolar guest molecules, forming particular adducts called inclusion compounds. One obvious consequence of inclusion is increased solubility, with another important action being the protection of the included guests against degradation from light

Supramolecular assembly of hypervalent iodine macrocycles and alkali metals

• Krishna Pandey,
• Lucas X. Orton,
• Grayson Venus,
• Waseem A. Hussain,
• Toby Woods,
• Lichang Wang and
• Kyle N. Plunkett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1095–1103, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.87

• conformation II projected only two vertically. One benzyl ring is pointed outside as highlighted by * (top). Oxygen, nitrogen, and iodine atoms are denoted by red, light blue, and purple color, respectively. A) Chemical structure of HIM 1: Three iodine atoms and three inward projected ester carbonyls

• CDCl3 and (CD3)2CO 1:2. Crystal structures of HIM 1 and LiBArF20 (A) and NaBArF24 (B). BARF cation is omitted for clarity. Nitrogen, oxygen, iodine, and metal (lithium or sodium) atoms are denoted by light blue, red, purple, and lavender color, respectively. Thermal ellipsoids drawn at 50% probability

• . Alternative view of the crystal structure of the HIM 1 and LiBArF20 complex. BArF20 anion is omitted for clarity. Nitrogen, oxygen, iodine, and lithium atoms are denoted by light blue, red, purple, and lavender color, respectively. Conformer II displays two benzyl groups projected in and one benzyl group

Salen–scandium(III) complex-catalyzed asymmetric (3 + 2) annulation of aziridines and aldehydes

• Linqiang Wang and
• Jiaxi Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1087–1094, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.86

• . Petroleum ether (PE, 60–90 °C fraction) and ethyl acetate (EA) were used as eluent. Reactions were monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on GF254 silica gel plates (0.2 mm) from Anhui Liangchen Silicon Material Co., Ltd. The plates were visualized by UV light. 1H NMR (400 MHz) and 13C NMR (101 MHz

Recent advances in synthetic approaches for bioactive cinnamic acid derivatives

• Betty A. Kustiana,
• Galuh Widiyarti and
• Teni Ernawati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1031–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.85

• cinnamic acid (7) to give amide 12 in excellent yield via Ti(IV)–O=C complex 102 (Scheme 31C) [69]. 2.1.3 Photocatalysis: Photoredox catalysis has gained much attention as a sustainable alternative approach to performing O/N-acylation by utilizing light as a renewable source. For example, Li and co-workers

• (2022) investigated the visible-light-mediated amidation of cinnamic acid (7) by using ethyl 2-diazoacetate and acetonitrile to give its corresponding amide 103 in excellent yield (Scheme 32) [29]. The reactive free carbene 104 was released upon light exposure of the diazo ester leading to the nitrilium

• ion 105 formation via its reaction with acetonitrile. Kokotos and co-workers (2023) prepared Weinreb amide 107 mediated by sunlight or LED 370 nm from cinnamic acid (7) via light-activated DMAP 108, leading to electrophilic iminium 109 formation (Scheme 33) [28]. On the other hand, Gilmour and co

Biobased carbon dots as photoreductants – an investigation by using triarylsulfonium salts

• Valentina Benazzi,
• Arianna Bini,
• Ilaria Bertuol,
• Mariangela Novello,
• Federica Baldi,
• Matteo Hoch,
• Alvise Perosa and
• Stefano Protti

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1024–1030, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.84

• ); triarylsulfonium salts; visible light; Introduction Carbon dots (CDs) are a class of zero-dimensional carbon-based semiconducting nanoparticles bearing on the surface a wide range of functional groups, such as carboxylic acids, alcohols, and amines, that garnered significant attention in the last decade among the

• biocompatibility. The electrochemical properties of such materials have been then evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). For all the properties mentioned above, CDs emerged as low-cost and sustainable photocatalysts. Indeed, upon visible-light irradiation, the generated excited state CD* can operate as either

• photooxidant or photoreductant in the presence of a suitable electron donor or acceptor [18], and these properties have been exploited in procedures for the formation of both C–C and C–heteroatom bonds [18][19]. Our research groups recently focused on the application of CDs in light-mediated organic synthesis

On the photoluminescence in triarylmethyl-centered mono-, di-, and multiradicals

• Daniel Straub,
• Markus Gross,
• Mona E. Arnold,
• Julia Zolg and
• Alexander J. C. Kuehne

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 964–998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.80

• Ulm, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.21.80 Abstract Organic radicals with light-emitting properties and exceptional stability offer exciting opportunities to address spin-statistical limitations in organic electronics and advance quantum technologies. These radicals, acting as small molecular magnets, exhibit

• to overcome the spin-statistical problem that limits the performance of conventional organic electronics. Without the chance to populate any dark triplet or quartet states, light-emitting radicals possess a theoretical internal quantum efficiency of up to 100% in electroluminescent devices [5][7][8

• ][14]. While first examples of radical emitters in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) only delivered around 12% internal quantum efficiency [7], representing no improvement compared to conventional emitters, optimization of the donor-functionalized TTM radical and of the device geometry quickly allowed

Study of tribenzo[b,d,f]azepine as donor in D–A photocatalysts

• Katy Medrano-Uribe,
• Jorge Humbrías-Martín and
• Luca Dell’Amico

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 935–944, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.76

• antiaromatic compound as an acceptor was previously reported (Figure 2) [31]. The dibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide (5) was chosen for further investigation because of its red-shifted absorption. From a photochemical perspective, this characteristic can facilitate the use of less energetic light sources

• activity of all family members in an oxidative quenching cycle for the dehalogenation of 4-bromobenzonitrile (7). Typically, this type of chemical transformation requires highly reducing PCs or the use of UV light [36]. First, we evaluated the photocatalytic performance of molecules 4a, 5a, and 6a (see

• Supporting Information File 1, Table S3). As we expected, due to the blue-shifted absorption presented in molecules 4a and 6a, it was impossible to excite them under visible light (400 nm). Gratifyingly, PC 5a delivered product 8 with a promising 63% NMR yield. Next, we compare the photocatalytic behavior of