Effects of RAMEA-complexed polyunsaturated fatty acids on the response of human dendritic cells to inflammatory signals

• Éva Rajnavölgyi,
• Renáta Laczik,
• Viktor Kun,
• Lajos Szente and
• Éva Fenyvesi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3152–3160, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.332

• lipopolysaccharide and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, mimicking bacterial and viral infections, respectively. The response of unstimulated and activated moDC to n−3 fatty acid treatment was tested by measuring the cell surface expression of CD1a used as a phenotypic and CD83 as an activation marker of inflammatory

• stimuli on day 5 of the moDC differentiation process. To compare the effects of ALA, EPA and DHA on moDC activities the cells were stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the specific ligand of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and by synthetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) recognized by

• n−3 PUFAs. On day 5 the fully differentiated cells were activated by 500 ng/mL bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Sigma Aldrich) or by 500 ng/mL Poly(I:C) (InvivoGen, San Diego, CA, USA) or were left untreated. The negative controls were treated by DMSO or by 20 µM/mL RAMEA. The positive controls

Synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen of E. coli O117:K98:H4

• Pintu Kumar Mandal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2724–2728, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.287

• coli; glycosylation; lipopolysaccharide; O-antigen; pentasaccharide; Introduction Escherichia coli becomes an important human pathogen in recent years owing to the emergence of new pathogenic strains [1]. Several diseases, such as meningitis and sepsis [2], diarrhoeal outbreaks [3] and urinary tract

Multivalent scaffolds induce galectin-3 aggregation into nanoparticles

• Candace K. Goodman,
• Mark L. Wolfenden,
• Pratima Nangia-Makker,
• Anna K. Michel,
• Avraham Raz and
• Mary J. Cloninger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1570–1577, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.162

• reported [16][17]. Recent anisotropy binding measurements support two types of galectin-3 oligomerization, dominated by either N- or C-terminal interactions [18], and both N- and C-terminal domains are reported to be required for binding to targets such as lipopolysaccharide [19][20]. Galectin-3 can serve

Convergent synthesis of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide from the cell wall lipopolysaccharide of Azospirillum brasilense strain Sp7

• Pintu Kumar Mandal,
• Debashis Dhara and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 293–299, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.26

• -700054, India 10.3762/bjoc.10.26 Abstract A straightforward convergent synthesis has been carried out for the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific cell wall lipopolysaccharide of the strain Sp7 of Azospirillum brasilense. The target tetrasaccharide has been synthesized from suitably

• protected monosaccharide intermediates in 42% overall yield in seven steps by using a [2 + 2] block glycosylation approach. Keywords: Azospirillum brasilense; glycosylation; lipopolysaccharide; plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB); tetrasaccharide; Introduction The intensive use of chemicals for the

Straightforward synthesis of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the O-antigen of Escherichia coli O16

• Manas Jana and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1757–1762, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.203

• stereoselective. Keywords: Escherichia coli; glycosylation; lipopolysaccharide; O-antigen; tetrasaccharide; Introduction Neonatal meningitis is a serious concern in developing countries [1]. The symptoms associated with this disease are unspecific and may ultimately lead to sepsis [2]. The common cause of the

Multivalent display of the antimicrobial peptides BP100 and BP143

• Imma Güell,
• Rafael Ferre,
• Kasper K. Sørensen,
• Esther Badosa,
• Iteng Ng-Choi,
• Emilio Montesinos,
• Eduard Bardají,
• Lidia Feliu,
• Knud J. Jensen and
• Marta Planas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2106–2117, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.237

• demonstrated that the large volume and the charge of the bundles made their passage through the peptidoglycan or the lipopolysaccharide layers difficult, therefore preventing them from accessing the inner membrane. In contrast, despite the fact that a significant decrease of the MIC values was not observed

Convergent synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O40

• Abhijit Sau and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2053–2059, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.230

• Abhijit Sau Anup Kumar Misra Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata-700054, India; FAX: +91-33-2355 3886 10.3762/bjoc.8.230 Abstract A tetrasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell-wall lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O40 was synthesized by

• yielding and stereoselective. Keywords: Escherichia coli; glycosylation; lipopolysaccharide; O-antigen; tetrasaccharide; Introduction Infantile diarrhoea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in infancy in developing countries [1]. Among several factors, Escherichia coli (E. coli

• adhering to the membrane of the host intestine; and (d) verotoxin E. coli infects by the production of verotoxin or shiga toxin [7]. Recently, Zhao et al. reported the structure of the repeating unit of the cell-wall antigenic lipopolysaccharide of E. coli O40 [8], which contains two D-galactosyl moieties

Facile synthesis of nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-mannopyranosides from ManNAc-oxazoline

• Karel Křenek,
• Petr Šimon,
• Lenka Weignerová,
• Barbora Fliedrová,
• Marek Kuzma and
• Vladimír Křen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 428–432, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.48

• yielding a separable mixture of the o- and p-nitrophenyl derivative in a 2:3 ratio. Keywords: α-ManNAc; glycosidase; glycosylation; nitrophenyl; oxazoline; Introduction Hexosamines are fundamental structural elements and precursors of the peptidoglycan and membrane lipopolysaccharide layer as well as of

Synthesis of 6-PEtN-α-D-GalpNAc-(1–>6)-β-D-Galp-(1–>4)-β-D-GlcpNAc-(1–>3)-β-D-Galp-(1–>4)-β-D-Glcp, a Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysacharide structure, and biotin and protein conjugates thereof

• Andreas Sundgren,
• Martina Lahmann and
• Stefan Oscarson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 704–708, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.80

• College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, Phone: +353 17162318 10.3762/bjoc.6.80 Abstract Background: In bacteria with truncated lipopolysaccharide structures, i.e., lacking the O-antigen polysaccharide part, core structures are exposed to the immune system upon infection and thus their use as

• proven to be highly effective [2]. These vaccines are glycoconjugate vaccines, based on capsular poly- or oligosaccharide structures, either native or synthetic [3][4], linked to a carrier protein. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of H. influenzae shows a huge structural variety and hence non-capsulated