Strategies in the synthesis of dibenzo[b,f]heteropines

• David I. H. Maier,
• Barend C. B. Bezuidenhoudt and
• Charlene Marais

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 700–718, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.51

• dibenzo[b,f]heteropine template is an important feature in several commercial and lead active pharmaceutical ingredients, biologically active natural products, dyes in OLEDs and dye sensitive solar cells, and in certain ligands. This review provides an overview of the different synthetic strategies

A new oxidatively stable ligand for the chiral functionalization of amino acids in Ni(II)–Schiff base complexes

• Alena V. Dmitrieva,
• Oleg A. Levitskiy,
• Yuri K. Grishin and
• Tatiana V. Magdesieva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 566–574, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.41

• derived from glycine Schiff bases containing a source of chirality is the most convenient and widely used template for modification of the glycine fragment under mild conditions. The template can be easily obtained via self-assembly of the starting components in the presence of metal ions (commonly Ni(II

• ][17][18]). In early works, the chiral tridentate ligand based on (S)-N-benzylproline (L1) was used [19][20]. Though the original Belokon complex derived from N-benzylproline and o-aminobenzophenone showed sufficiently high efficiency and is still the most widely used template, considerable efforts on

• the modification of the chiral auxiliaries as well as of the other fragments of the tridentate ligand have been made to improve stereocontrolling efficiency and to modify physicochemical properties of the template (such as solubility, lipophilicity, etc). Thus, various substituents (4,5-di-CH3 [21], 2

Cyclometalated iridium complexes-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reaction: construction of quinoline derivatives and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities

• Hongling Shui,
• Yuhong Zhong,
• Renshi Luo,
• Zhanyi Zhang,
• Jiuzhong Huang,
• Ping Yang and
• Nianhua Luo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1507–1517, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.159

• further extend the practicality of the catalytic system. Firstly, we carried out a gram-scale reaction with the template reaction under the optimal catalytic system, which delivered quinoline 3aa in 94% isolated yield (Figure 3a). Additionally, the 2-furanquoline product 3ai was also obtained up to a gram

1,4,6,10-Tetraazaadamantanes (TAADs) with N-amino groups: synthesis and formation of boron chelates and host–guest complexes

• Artem N. Semakin,
• Ivan S. Golovanov,
• Yulia V. Nelyubina and
• Alexey Yu. Sukhorukov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1424–1434, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.148

• molecule is fixed by a system of H-bonds in a pocket created by amide units and the triazinane ring. This creates opportunities for a rational design of supramolecular receptors for alcohols based on 3N-TAAD as a template. Adamantane-based tripodal scaffolds and current work. General view of the 1,4,6,10

Characterization of a new fusicoccane-type diterpene synthase and an associated P450 enzyme

• Jia-Hua Huang,
• Jian-Ming Lv,
• Liang-Yan Xiao,
• Qian Xu,
• Fu-Long Lin,
• Gao-Qian Wang,
• Guo-Dong Chen,
• Sheng-Ying Qin,
• Dan Hu and
• Hao Gao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1396–1402, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.144

• might adopt a similar strategy as MgMS to initiate C2,6 cyclization though protonation at C2 by bulky water. To obtain further insights into the C2,6-cyclization process of TadA, its three-dimensional (3D) protein structure was constructed with SWISS-MODEL using PaFS (PDB entry 5er8) as the template

Reductive opening of a cyclopropane ring in the Ni(II) coordination environment: a route to functionalized dehydroalanine and cysteine derivatives

• Oleg A. Levitskiy,
• Olga I. Aglamazova,
• Yuri K. Grishin and
• Tatiana V. Magdesieva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.121

• -activity and chirality provided by the Ni–Schiff base template, supported with the protection from redox-destruction of the amino acid skeleton, makes the suggested approach a convenient route to various types of non-proteinogenic amino acids [9][10][12][13]. Recently, several practical approaches to α,α

• sphere. Notably, the Ni template is an important component of the reaction. It is responsible for chirality induction and facilitates the cyclopropane ring opening, significantly decreasing the reduction potential value. It stabilizes the anion formed and serves as a directing group. Thus, the Ni–Schiff

Electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of twisted dibenzo[g,p]chrysene derivatives

• Tomoya Imai,
• Ryuhei Akasaka,
• Naruhiro Yoshida,
• Toru Amaya and
• Tetsuo Iwasawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 963–971, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.96

• strategy for preparing DBC derivatives using DBC-H with four isopropyl groups at X as a key template for the derivatization (Figure 1c). Based on this strategy, various substituents were introduced at Z to produce DBC-Br, DBC-Me, DBC-SMe, DBC-S(O)2Me, and DBC-Si (Figure 1c) [52]. The structures of all

Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction of 3-formyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoles and fluorescence studies of the products

• Nisha Devi and
• Virender Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 926–934, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.92

• 3-formyl-β-carbolines are decorated with different sites for diversification which make these synthons a promising template for the construction of β-carboline-fused frameworks via C-1 N-9, C-1 N-2 and C-3 N-2 cyclisation. Similarly, β-carboline-substituted molecular frameworks can be generated at C

Identification of the new prenyltransferase Ubi-297 from marine bacteria and elucidation of its substrate specificity

• Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam,
• Huijuan Guo,
• Karsten Willing,
• Thomas Wichard and
• Christine Beemelmanns

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 722–731, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.72

• (shown in green) and template structure (shown in blue). 8-HQA (pink) is paired to 4-HBA (green) after energy minimization. Evaluation of substrate specificity of UbiA-297. Accepted substrates are shown in red, while no product formation was observed for compounds colored in blue. HRMS signal intensities

Heteroleptic metallosupramolecular aggregates/complexation for supramolecular catalysis

• Prodip Howlader and
• Michael Schmittel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 597–630, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.62

• ], Fujita [56], and others [57] have reported several template-free assemblies giving access to novel structures. The primary objective of these nanovessels as supramolecular catalysts is to encapsulate organic reactant/s to lower the activation barrier, thereby mimicking the functions of enzymes (without

BINOL as a chiral element in mechanically interlocked molecules

• Matthias Krajnc and
• Jochen Niemeyer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 508–523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.53

• applications as molecular switches, muscles, and motors [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], as novel materials [12], as medically active compounds [13][14], as catalysts [15][16][17][18][19], as chemosensors [20][21][22][23][24], and many more [25]. In view of their template-based synthesis and the importance of

• Incorporating BINOL into MIMs The introduction of axially chiral BINOL units into interlocked compounds can be achieved by different types of supramolecular template strategies that have been developed for MIM synthesis in the past decades, including passive metal templates [33][34], active metal templates [35

• ][36][37][38], anion templates [39][40], ammonium crown ether templates [41], and templates based on π–π interactions [42]. In 2004, Sauvage and co-workers have used a Cu(I)-based passive metal template approach to synthesize a [2]catenane containing an optically pure BINOL unit in each macrocycle [43

Site-selective reactions mediated by molecular containers

• Rui Wang and
• Yang Yu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 309–324, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.35

• , directing groups are introduced to the substrates covalently to achieve site-selective C–H bond activation, which prospered greatly in the past decades [7][8][9]. Template regulation is also introduced to locate reactive centers in a noncovalent way through hydrogen bonding [10][11][12]. Even though

• organic compounds. Within the molecular container, guest molecules can be encapsulated with a certain orientation and conformation through various noncovalent interactions. In this mode, the molecular container can act as reaction template and give rise to selective products. For example, the molecular

• container can be used as anchoring template, which fix the substrate with a certain stable conformation, exposing one specific reactive site to the catalyst and producing site-selective product [25][26]. Moreover, molecular containers have more and more been applied to modulate site-selectivity of different

Peptide stapling by late-stage Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling

• Hendrik Gruß,
• Rebecca C. Feiner,
• Ridhiwan Mseya,
• David C. Schröder,
• Michał Jewgiński,
• Kristian M. Müller,
• Rafał Latajka,
• Antoine Marion and
• Norbert Sewald

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.1

• Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4). As a conclusion from those experiments, it was hypothesised that the linker might be too rigid resulting in a distorted structure, which has also been previously reported for thioether cross-linked cysteines bearing a biphenyl template within the staple [20]. Hence

Synthesis of a novel aminobenzene-containing hemicucurbituril and its fluorescence spectral properties with ions

• Qingkai Zeng,
• Qiumeng Long,
• Jihong Lu,
• Li Wang,
• Yuting You,
• Xiaoting Yuan,
• Qianjun Zhang,
• Qingmei Ge,
• Hang Cong and
• Mao Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2840–2847, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.195

• hemicucurbiturils 3 (Scheme 1) have been template synthesized [27] in succession by modified imidazolidiones, including bambusurils [28][29][30], cyclohexylhemicucurbiturils [31], and semithiobambusurils [32]. On the other hand, in previous works, authors discussed the ability of the derivatives for accommodating

• equivalents of Cs2CO3 as the base and with or without an additive (Table 1, entries 1–4), no desired product was isolated. When the base was changed to NaH, to our delight, the macrocycle 9 was obtained even without any additive with 26.0% yield (Table 1, entry 5). As is known that the template plays an

Me₃Al-mediated domino nucleophilic addition/intramolecular cyclisation of 2-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)benzonitriles with amines; a convenient approach for the synthesis of substituted 1-aminoisoquinolines

• Krishna M. S. Adusumalli,
• Lakshmi N. S. Konidena,
• Hima B. Gandham,
• Krishnaiah Kumari,
• Krishna R. Valluru,
• Satya K. R. Nidasanametla,
• Venkateswara R. Battula and
• Hari K. Namballa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2765–2772, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.186

• have always been recognized as the frameworks of interest in organic and medicinal fields. Particularly, aza-heteroarenes have attracted burgeoning interest in the research community owing to their structural and biological significance [1][2][3][4]. The isoquinoline template represents a huge family

Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing

• Luke O. Jones,
• Leah Williams,
• Tasmin Boam,
• Martin Kalmet,
• Chidubem Oguike and
• Fiona L. Hatton

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2553–2569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.171

• -containing cryogels with nerve growth factor to promote the growth of neurite cells [81]. Through the use of template-assisted photopolymerisation, cylindrical cryogels were formed as high aspect ratios are desired for bridging across regions when whole neural pathways or large brain areas are targeted

Targeting active site residues and structural anchoring positions in terpene synthases

• Anwei Hou and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2441–2449, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.161

• functions as STPS and StTPS, the crystal structure of SdS [11] can be used as a template for SmTS1 to generate a Swiss homology model [20] (template pdb code 4OKM, Figure 3A). The active site residues of SdS make up a hydrophobic cavity (Figure 3B), that is structurally reflected in the SmTS1 model (Figure

Volatile emission and biosynthesis in endophytic fungi colonizing black poplar leaves

• Christin Walther,
• Pamela Baumann,
• Katrin Luck,
• Beate Rothe,
• Peter H. W. Biedermann,
• Jonathan Gershenzon,
• Tobias G. Köllner and
• Sybille B. Unsicker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1698–1711, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.118

• aristolochene synthase (pdb 20A6) as query and the de novo assembly as template revealed two genes with high similarity to other fungal TPS genes. The genes were designated CxTPS1 and CxTPS2. For functional characterization, the complete open reading frames of CxTPS1 and CxTPS2 were amplified from cDNA, cloned

• (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The template volume was adjusted to a final DNA concentration of approximately 500 ng/mL. Ultrapure water (Milli-Q® Synthesis A10) was added up to a final volume of 50 µL. PCR was performed in a gradient thermal cycler (Whatman Biometra 96T) using the following program

• . Identification and heterologous expression of terpene synthase genes To identify putative terpene synthases, a TBLASTN analysis with Aspergillus terreus aristolochene synthase (pdb 20A6) as query and the de novo transcriptome of Cladosporium sp. as a template was performed using the software BioEdit 7.0.9.0 [88

Chemical approaches to discover the full potential of peptide nucleic acids in biomedical applications

• Nikita Brodyagin,
• Martins Katkevics,
• Venubabu Kotikam,
• Christopher A. Ryan and
• Eriks Rozners

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1641–1688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.116

• matched DNA duplex [136]. Bong and co-workers used melamine as a Janus-wedge nucleobase (KM, Figure 9) to organize two identical strands of oligothymidine DNA tracts (or oligouridine RNA tracts) on a peptide template to form peptide−DNA(RNA) triplex structures [137]. This approach was applied to induce

Double-headed nucleosides: Synthesis and applications

• Vineet Verma,
• Jyotirmoy Maity,
• Vipin K. Maikhuri,
• Ritika Sharma,
• Himal K. Ganguly and
• Ashok K. Prasad

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1392–1439, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.98

Beyond ribose and phosphate: Selected nucleic acid modifications for structure–function investigations and therapeutic applications

• Christopher Liczner,
• Kieran Duke,
• Gabrielle Juneau,
• Martin Egli and
• Christopher J. Wilds

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 908–931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.76

Insight into functionalized-macrocycles-guided supramolecular photocatalysis

• Minzan Zuo,
• Krishnasamy Velmurugan,
• Kaiya Wang,
• Xueqi Tian and
• Xiao-Yu Hu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 139–155, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.15

• system. Based on the above-mentioned approaches, organic and inorganic template-assisted diverse supramolecular assemblies have been constructed to optimize the photochemical reactivity as well as regio- and enantioselectivity [5][6]. In addition, to understand the excited-state properties of the guest

Secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis impact the assembly of soil-derived semisynthetic bacterial communities

• Heiko T. Kiesewalter,
• Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade,
• Mikael L. Strube and
• Ákos T. Kovács

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2983–2998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.248

• in Table S2, Supporting Information File 1. The PCR reactions contained 10.6 μL DNase-free water, 12.5 μL TEMPase Hot Start 2x Master Mix, 0.8 μL of each primer (10 μM), and 0.3 μL of 50 ng/µL DNA template. The PCR was performed using the conditions of 95 °C for 15 min, followed by 30 cycles of 95 °C

Easy access to a carbohydrate-based template for stimuli-responsive surfactants

• Thomas Holmstrøm,
• Daniel Raydan and
• Christian Marcus Pedersen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2788–2794, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.229

• underlines that building block 5 is an ideal template for the synthesis of molecules with a 2,4- and 3,6-functional group pattern. However, after investigating the metal-binding properties of the synthesized diamines and the carboxylic acids, no conformational changes could be observed. Hence, the compounds

• conformation as discussed earlier. Conclusion In conclusion, it was possible to convert levoglucosan into building block 5 in only five robust steps. The building block 5 could be purified to afford the two pure anomers using column chromatography. The β-anomer, 5β, proved to be a very versatile template for

Leveraging glycomics data in glycoprotein 3D structure validation with Privateer

• Haroldas Bagdonas,
• Daniel Ungar and
• Jon Agirre

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2523–2533, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.204

• the lack of carbohydrate-specific modelling tools have often been named as the principal causes for these issues [18]. Heterogeneity of glycoproteins Unlike protein synthesis, which is encoded in the genome and follows a clear template, glycan biosynthesis is not template-directed. A single