Functionalized branched EDOT-terthiophene copolymer films by electropolymerization and post-polymerization “click”-reactions

• Miriam Goll,
• Adrian Ruff,
• Erna Muks,
• Felix Goerigk,
• Beatrice Omiecienski,
• Ines Ruff,
• Rafael C. González-Cano,
• Juan T. Lopez Navarrete,
• M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado and
• Sabine Ludwigs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 335–347, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.39

• ″-terthiophene (3T) is presented as a versatile route to functional polymer films. Comparisons to blend systems of the respective homopolymers PEDOT and P3T by in situ spectroelectrochemistry and Raman spectroscopy prove the successful copolymer formation and the access to tailored redox properties and energy

• films from water contact angles of 140° down to 40°. Keywords: band-gap engineering; “click”-chemistry; conducting polymers; electropolymerization; Raman spectroscopy; surface functionalization; Introduction The many different applications of conducting polymers demand for tailored properties

• charged polymer films. As a further analytical tool we employed Raman spectroscopy which addresses the different vibrational modes of the samples. Figure 2A shows the Raman spectra of the homopolymers PEDOT and P3T, the blend film PEDOT/P3T-blend and the copolymer P(EDOT-co-3T)-1:1. Note that the spectra

Modification of physical properties of poly(L-lactic acid) by addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin

• Toshiyuki Suzuki,
• Ayaka Ei,
• Yoshihisa Takada,
• Hiroki Uehara,
• Takeshi Yamanobe and
• Keiko Takahashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2997–3006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.318

• containing approximately 17% MeCD was drawn to more than 1000% at 60 °C, although PLLA fractured at a strain of less than 100%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-Raman in situ measurements also revealed decreases in the glass transition temperature (Tg), cold crystallization temperature (Tc), and

• melting point (Tm), and improvement in structural distribution with temperature. DSC-Raman measurements simultaneously supplied information about crystallinity and thermal properties. Thus, it was concluded that MeCD had high affinity for PLLA, and the addition of MeCD increased the amorphous component of

• PLLA and enhanced the drawability. Keywords: crystallinity; DSC; methyl-β-cyclodextrin; poly(L-lactic acid); Raman spectroscopy; Introduction Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) has attracted attention because it is a biodegradable polymer derived from carbon-neutral resources. However, its melting point (Tm

Anomalous diffusion of Ibuprofen in cyclodextrin nanosponge hydrogels: an HRMAS NMR study

• Monica Ferro,
• Franca Castiglione,
• Carlo Punta,
• Lucio Melone,
• Walter Panzeri,
• Barbara Rossi,
• Francesco Trotta and
• Andrea Mele

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2715–2723, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.286

• – amorphous [13], thus preventing the possibility of structural assessment via diffraction methods and making a thorough structural characterization a still open investigation field. The main structural features have been obtained, so far, by a combined use of solid state 13C CP-MAS NMR, FTIR and Raman

• . In a previous work published by our group [32], the FTIR and Raman bands in the 1680–1800 cm−1 wavenumber range were deconvoluted in the two sub-bands ωCO1 (centered at 1730 cm−1) and ωCO2 (centered at 1750 cm−1) assigned to the stretching mode of C=O in the ester and in the carboxylic acid

Encapsulation of biocides by cyclodextrins: toward synergistic effects against pathogens

• Véronique Nardello-Rataj and
• Loïc Leclercq

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2603–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.273

• demonstrating the interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the β-CD and the nanoparticles’ surface was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images showed pseudo-spherical nanoparticles (Ø ≈ 28.0 nm). The authors characterized the β-CD layer surrounding the nanoparticles by a novel

Synthesis and characterization of a hyper-branched water-soluble β-cyclodextrin polymer

• Francesco Trotta,
• Fabrizio Caldera,
• Roberta Cavalli,
• Andrea Mele,
• Carlo Punta,
• Lucio Melone,
• Franca Castiglione,
• Barbara Rossi,
• Monica Ferro,
• Vincenza Crupi,
• Domenico Majolino,
• Valentina Venuti and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2586–2593, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.271

• polymer were assessed by solubility tests, ultrafiltration experiments, size exclusion chromatography and Raman or FTIR spectroscopy. The new water soluble hyper-branched polymer shows complexing properties towards organic molecules and inorganic cations. Results and Discussion Synthesis and chemical

• cross-linker/β-CD molar ratio suggest that these water-soluble polymers are more likely composed of hyper-branched structures, rather than linear chains. This is consistent with the infrared and Raman analysis discussed below. In Figure 4a,b the Raman and FTIR–ATR spectra of the branched β-CD-based

• spectra, the total estimated intensity for the C=O stretching band can be conveniently used as a semi-quantitative descriptor of the population of the C=O functional groups, as previously reported [18][19][20][21]. Actually, deconvolution of Raman spectra allows the assignment of the ester and carboxylic

Improving the reactivity of phenylacetylene macrocycles toward topochemical polymerization by side chains modification

• Simon Rondeau-Gagné,
• Jules Roméo Néabo,
• Maxime Daigle,
• Katy Cantin and
• Jean-François Morin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1613–1619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.167

• the xerogel state to form polydiacetylenes (PDAs), leading to a significant enhancement of the polymerization yields. The organogels and the PDAs were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: carbon nanomaterials; organogels

• confirm the appearance of polydiacetylene. As shown in Figure 3, the UV–vis spectra shows absorption bands at 600 and 650 nm, associated with the red and blue bands of the PDA chain, respectively [51]. To determine whether all the diyne units of PAM2 reacted during irradiation, Raman spectroscopy was

• are also present in the Raman spectrum of PAM2 due to partial photo-induced polymerization during spectrum acquisition. This demonstrates the high reactivity of PAM2 under UV irradiation. Further research on the resulting nanoarchitectures is currently underway to establish if covalent nanotubes have

Biantennary oligoglycines and glyco-oligoglycines self-associating in aqueous medium

• Svetlana V. Tsygankova,
• Alexander A. Chinarev,
• Alexander B. Tuzikov,
• Nikolai Severin,
• Alexey A. Kalachev,
• Juergen P. Rabe,
• Alexandra S. Gambaryan and
• Nicolai V. Bovin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1372–1382, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.140

• tapping mode in air. The contact mode of scanning was used for experiments in a liquid cell. Experiments in a liquid cell allowed us to study the kinetics of the process without a possible distortion of the nanostructures resulting from the drying of the sample. The Raman spectra (Figure 3) of biantennary

• associates formed in solution corresponds to PG II. The sensitivity of routine Raman scattering method is insufficient for the work with oligoglycine monolayers, so indirect methods were used in order to attribute formed material to a PG II structure. More specifically, geometrical parameters of the layers

• chemical shifts was calibrated against the signals of residual protons of solvents (CDCl3: δ 7.26 ppm; DMSO-d6: δ 2.50 ppm; D2O: δ 4.75 ppm). Mass-spectra were recorded on the time-of-flight spectrometer Vision-2000 (Thermo Bioanalysis, UK) with MALDI with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid as reference. Raman

Raman spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring mesoscale continuous-flow organic synthesis: Equipment interface and assessment in four medicinally-relevant reactions

• Trevor A. Hamlin and
• Nicholas E. Leadbeater

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1843–1852, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.215

• Trevor A. Hamlin Nicholas E. Leadbeater Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA 10.3762/bjoc.9.215 Abstract An apparatus is reported for real-time Raman monitoring of reactions performed using continuous-flow processing. Its capability

• means of a calibration curve, determine product conversion from Raman spectral data as corroborated by data obtained using NMR spectroscopy. Keywords: flow processing; Raman spectroscopy; reaction monitoring; α,β-unsaturated carbonyl; Introduction Continuous-flow processing is used in the chemical

• taken significant strides in recent years [7][10]. Spectroscopic tools such as infrared [11][12][13][14][15], UV–visible [16][17][18], NMR [19][20], Raman [21][22][23][24][25], and mass spectrometry [26][27] have all been interfaced with success. There have been less reports when it comes to mesoflow

Conformational analysis and intramolecular interactions in monosubstituted phenylboranes and phenylboronic acids

• Josué M. Silla,
• Rodrigo A. Cormanich,
• Roberto Rittner and
• Matheus P. Freitas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.125

• moment [M1(H)] and a decreased atomic volume [V(H)] in comparison to those of a H atom not involved in hydrogen bonding [23]. Spectroscopic (Raman, infrared and NMR) and theoretical studies on 2-fluorophenylboronic acid have already been performed previously for assignment purposes, because of the lack

Camera-enabled techniques for organic synthesis

• Steven V. Ley,
• Richard J. Ingham,
• Matthew O’Brien and
• Duncan L. Browne

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1051–1072, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.118

• processes [22][23][24][25]. We will not attempt to cover how digital camera methods in general can be applied to all chemical operations nor will we comment on other in-situ methods of reaction analysis such as UV, IR or Raman spectroscopy as this would constitute too broad a topic. Review From eyes to

Photoionisation of the tropyl radical

• Kathrin H. Fischer,
• Patrick Hemberger,
• Andras Bodi and
• Ingo Fischer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 681–688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.77

• ]. The vibrational structure of the cation was examined by IR and Raman spectroscopy [6][7][8]. There are 36 normal modes with 20 distinct frequencies, owing to degeneracy. Of these twenty vibrations, four are IR- and seven Raman-active [9]. In contrast to the cation, the odd-electron neutral tropyl

• ensured. An improved resolution is obtained from analysing only the threshold electrons [18][21], i.e., electrons recorded with almost zero initial kinetic energy upon tuning the photon energy. Thus, IR and Raman inactive ionic vibrations can often be observed and assigned in the photoelectron spectrum

Spin state switching in iron coordination compounds

• Philipp Gütlich,
• Ana B. Gaspar and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 342–391, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.39

• -dependent FIR or Raman spectroscopy, one can readily recognize the vibrational bands characteristic of the HS and the LS species as those with decreasing and increasing intensity, respectively, on cooling of the sample [64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. Although not often practiced, one can also derive the spin

• isotopes that have not been accessible with conventional Mössbauer spectroscopy can be used. NIS allows the investigation of vibrational modes and the partial density of states (PDOS) locally, i.e., in the close neighborhood of the Mössbauer probe nucleus. Compared, for instance, to Raman spectroscopy, NIS

A new family of four-ring bent-core nematic liquid crystals with highly polar transverse and end groups

• Kalpana Upadhyaya,
• Venkatesh Gude,
• Golam Mohiuddin and
• Rao V. S. Nandiraju

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 26–35, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.4

• frame.a Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Prof S. Kumar and Ms. K. N. Vasudha of the Raman Research Institute for DSC spectra. Financial assistance is provided to KU and GV (DST Inspire fellowship) by the Department of Science and Technology and to GM (Maulana Azad fellowship) by the University

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as drug carriers

• Francesco Trotta,
• Marco Zanetti and
• Roberta Cavalli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2091–2099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.235

• elsewhere [14]. Here we simply wish to stress that primary hydroxy groups are mainly involved in the formation of a network as shown by FTIR–ATR, Raman and solid-state NMR analyses [15]. Moreover, the elastic properties of cyclodextrin nanosponges were determined by analysis of the spectral modification of

Cation affinity numbers of Lewis bases

• Christoph Lindner,
• Raman Tandon,
• Boris Maryasin,
• Evgeny Larionov and
• Hendrik Zipse

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1406–1442, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.163

• Christoph Lindner Raman Tandon Boris Maryasin Evgeny Larionov Hendrik Zipse Department of Chemistry, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandstr. 5–13, D-81377 München, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.8.163 Abstract Using selected theoretical methods the affinity of a large range of Lewis bases

Cyclodextrin nanosponge-sensitized enantiodifferentiating photoisomerization of cyclooctene and 1,3-cyclooctadiene

• Wenting Liang,
• Cheng Yang,
• Masaki Nishijima,
• Gaku Fukuhara,
• Tadashi Mori,
• Andrea Mele,
• Franca Castiglione,
• Fabrizio Caldera,
• Francesco Trotta and
• Yoshihisa Inoue

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1305–1311, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.149

• used as a descriptor of the degree of cross linking and the elastic properties [42]. By using Raman and Brillouin scattering experiments, we found that increasing the PMA/CD ratio leads to an increase in the degree of cross linking, with the frequency of the maximum boson peak in cross-polarized Raman

ROMP-Derived cyclooctene-based monolithic polymeric materials reinforced with inorganic nanoparticles for applications in tissue engineering

• Franziska Weichelt,
• Solvig Lenz,
• Stefanie Tiede,
• Ingrid Reinhardt,
• Bernhard Frerich and
• Michael R. Buchmeiser

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1199–1205, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.137

• (SEM) images of the powders showed agglomerates of nanoparticles (~50–100 nm) and a rhombohedral calcite crystal structure was detected both by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman measurements. Nano-sized platelets with a thickness <20 nm were formed in the synthesis of HAp and exhibited a calcium

• phosphate hydroxide crystal structure again from XRD and Raman measurements (Figure 1). Preparation and characterization of monolithic materials Monolithic hybrid materials were then prepared via ROMP from cis-5-cyclooctene-trans-1,2-diol (COE), a 7-oxanorborn-2-ene-derived cross-linker (CL) and up to 12 wt

• spectra were recorded on a Bruker Vector 22 using ATR technology. Raman spectra were recorded on a Bruker RFS 100. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were obtained on a Zeiss Ultra 55 field-emission (FEG) SEM device (Carl Zeiss SMT, Germany) at 0.6 keV for CaCO3 and HAp powders and 1.0 keV for the

Conjugated polymers containing diketopyrrolopyrrole units in the main chain

• Bernd Tieke,
• A. Raman Rabindranath,
• Kai Zhang and
• Yu Zhu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 830–845, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.92

• Bernd Tieke A. Raman Rabindranath Kai Zhang Yu Zhu Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, D-50939 Cologne, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.6.92 Abstract Research activities in the field of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymers are reviewed. Synthetic pathways to monomers and polymers, and the

Synthetic incorporation of Nile Blue into DNA using 2′-deoxyriboside substitutes: Representative comparison of (R)- and (S)-aminopropanediol as an acyclic linker

• Daniel Lachmann,
• Sina Berndl,
• Otto S. Wolfbeis and
• Hans-Achim Wagenknecht

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 13, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.13

• 3 fluorimeter in spectral steps of 1 nm and an integration time of 0.2 s. All spectra were recorded with an excitation and emission bandpass of 2 nm and are corrected for Raman emission from the buffer solution. Synthesis of 2. 2-Propyn-1-ol (40 µL, 700  µmol) was dissolved in DMF (5 mL). 1,1

Novel banana-discotic hybrid architectures

• Hari Krishna Bisoyi,
• H. T. Srinivasa and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 52, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.52

• Hari Krishna Bisoyi H. T. Srinivasa Sandeep Kumar Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, India. Phone: +91 80 23610122, Fax: +91 80 23610492 10.3762/bjoc.5.52 Abstract Here we present the design and synthesis of novel banana-discotic dimers and banana-bridged

Synthesis and redox behavior of new ferrocene- π-extended- dithiafulvalenes: An approach for anticipated organic conductors

• Abdelwareth A. O. Sarhan,
• Omar F. Mohammed and
• Taeko Izumi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 6, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.6

• conjugated spacer. Femtosecond time-resolved absorption and Raman studies are in progress to aid in the understanding of the photophysical properties of the bis(1,3-DTF)Fc-TCNQ charge transfer complexes, trying to pick up the transient of the mono- and dication and anion radical of these systems with TCNQ