A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

• Guido Gambacorta,
• James S. Sharley and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

Nitroalkene reduction in deep eutectic solvents promoted by BH₃NH₃

• Chiara Faverio,
• Monica Fiorenza Boselli,
• Patricia Camarero Gonzalez,
• Alessandra Puglisi and
• Maurizio Benaglia

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1041–1047, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.83

• mixture [14]. Results and Discussion Based on our previous experiences with organocatalytic reactions in alternative, biodegradable solvents [15][16], and following some preliminary investigations on the physicochemical properties of several DES combinations, for this application, we decided to focus our

Chiral isothiourea-catalyzed kinetic resolution of 4-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane

• David Weinzierl and
• Mario Waser

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 800–804, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.68

• interest in compound 2, we thus thought about developing an alternative organocatalytic kinetic resolution protocol to control the esterification of rac-2. Chiral isothioureas (ITUs) emerged as easily available and powerful catalysts for numerous applications [29][30][31][32] and have been very

Synthesis of β-triazolylenones via metal-free desulfonylative alkylation of N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles

• Soumyaranjan Pati,
• Renata G. Almeida,
• Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior and
• Irishi N. N. Namboothiri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.66

• functionalization of triazoles under metal-free conditions has been reported. These include the Broensted acid-catalysed N2 alkylation [27], organocatalytic N1 alkylation [28][29], N2-arylation using hypervalent iodine (Scheme 1c) [30], N2-alkylation involving radical intermediate [31], pyridine-N-oxide-mediated N1

Valorisation of plastic waste via metal-catalysed depolymerisation

• Francesca Liguori,
• Carmen Moreno-Marrodán and
• Pierluigi Barbaro

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 589–621, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.53

• irradiation [118], oxidation [119] or acidic degradation [120]. It is worth mentioning that organocatalytic depolymerisation methods have also been reported [121][122]. Despite these systems represent promising “greener” options, they still are in an early development stage. Uses are mainly limited to

The synthesis of chiral β-naphthyl-β-sulfanyl ketones via enantioselective sulfa-Michael reaction in the presence of a bifunctional cinchona/sulfonamide organocatalyst

• Deniz Tözendemir and
• Cihangir Tanyeli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 494–503, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.43

• -Michael addition (SMA) reactions remain a rather less explored reaction among asymmetric organocatalytic transformations, mainly because of the high nucleophilicity of thiols causing difficulties in controlling the stereoselectivity [21], despite C–S bond-forming reactions are of great interest in

• product was ultimately obtained at room temperature (83% ee, Table 2, entry 3). The absolute configuration of the product was assigned as “S” by comparing the obtained optical rotation value with the values in the literature for the organocatalytic SMA of thiols to trans-chalcone derivatives [29][42]. A

• conclusion, we report the enantioselective organocatalytic sulfa-Michael addition reaction of naphthalene-1-thiol to trans-chalcones, in the presence of a new bifunctional quinine derived sulfonamide organocatalyst. The adducts obtained with moderate to excellent ee values are β-naphthyl-β-sulfanyl ketones

Biochemistry of fluoroprolines: the prospect of making fluorine a bioelement

• Vladimir Kubyshkin,
• Rebecca Davis and
• Nediljko Budisa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 439–460, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.40

• proline generally being among the first structures in this list [20]. It is possible that the initial role of proline was metabolic or based on its organocatalytic features that were essential for the development of primitive molecular life [21]. Furthermore, such an evolution model suggests that the

Identification of volatiles from six marine Celeribacter strains

• Anuj Kumar Chhalodia,
• Jan Rinkel,
• Dorota Konvalinkova,
• Jörn Petersen and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 420–430, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.38

• between the sulfur and an ester oxygen. This phenomenon was first described in supramolecular structures by Gleiter [59] and later also used to explain the outcome of organocatalytic reactions [60]. The pure stereoisomers of 42 were isolated by preparative HPLC, for which the best separation was achieved

Direct synthesis of anomeric tetrazolyl iminosugars from sugar-derived lactams

• Michał M. Więcław and
• Bartłomiej Furman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 115–123, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.12

• ones in this work – fused iminosugar-tetrazoles – which have shown inhibition properties against bovine liver α-ᴅ-glucuronidase and human β-ʟ-iduronidase [29]. Moreover, there are numerous reports of the organocatalytic activity of chiral aminotriazoles and aminotetrazoles in number of reactions, such

• , potentially biologically active and organocatalytic compounds. Experimental Experimental procedures and other data are available in Supporting Information File 1. Key concepts behind the goal of this work [34]. ORTEP structures of compounds 3a and 3e obtained by X-ray analysis. Hydrogen atoms and benzyl

Progress in the total synthesis of inthomycins

• Bidyut Kumar Senapati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 58–82, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.7

• produced (−)-inthomycin C ((−)-3) in 80% yield with high enantiopurity (Scheme 7). In 2012, Hatakeyama and co-workers reported a unified strategy for the asymmetric total syntheses of inthomycin A ((+)-1), inthomycin B ((+)-2), and inthomycin C ((−)-3), starting with an organocatalytic asymmetric [2 + 2

• produce 2-methyl-5-bromodienoic amide 92 stereoselectively in 73% yield over three steps. Stille cross-coupling of 92 with vinylstannane 24 followed by DIBAL-H reduction produced aldehyde 71, which then underwent an organocatalytic Mukaiyama aldol reaction with silylketene acetal 53 to produce racemic (E

Asymmetric Mannich reactions of (S)-N-tert-butylsulfinyl-3,3,3-trifluoroacetaldimines with yne nucleophiles

• Ziyi Li,
• Li Wang,
• Yunqi Huang,
• Haibo Mei,
• Hiroyuki Konno,
• Hiroki Moriwaki,
• Vadim A. Soloshonok and
• Jianlin Han

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2671–2678, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.217

• trifluoromethylpropargylamine is of general research interest [28][29][30][31][32]. The asymmetric Ru/(R)-CPA-catalyzed chemoselectivie biomimetic reduction [33] and the organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation [34] of fluorinated alkynylketimines have been developed for the synthesis of fluorinated propargylamines in good

Stereoselective Biginelli-like reaction catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid bearing two hydroxy groups

• Xiaoyun Hu,
• Jianxin Guo,
• Cui Wang,
• Rui Zhang and
• Victor Borovkov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1875–1880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.155

• described the efficient asymmetric Biginelli reaction with a chiral ytterbium catalyst to provide excellent enantioselectivities up to >99% ee [12]. Later, Gong reported the first organocatalytic Biginelli reaction using 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) derived chiral phosphoric acids as catalysts, furnishing the

When metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization meets visible-light photocatalysis

• Lucas Guillemard and
• Joanna Wencel-Delord

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1754–1804, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.147

Fluorohydration of alkynes via I(I)/I(III) catalysis

• Jessica Neufeld,
• Constantin G. Daniliuc and
• Ryan Gilmour

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1627–1635, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.135

• -based fluorination, a complementary organocatalytic variant [52], based on an I(I)/I(III) catalysis platform was explored (Figure 1C). It was envisaged that the in situ generation of p-TolIF2 via oxidation of p-TolI with Selectfluor® in the presence of an amine/HF complex might enable the title

• substrate specificity in small-molecule catalysis. It is envisaged that this organocatalytic variant of the venerable Kucherov reaction will find application in contemporary organofluorine chemistry [61] and contributes to the current interest in alkyne functionalisation via I(I)/I(III) catalysis [62][63

NHC-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl-β-hydroxyamides

• Alyn T. Davies,
• Mark D. Greenhalgh,
• Alexandra M. Z. Slawin and
• Andrew D. Smith

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1572–1578, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.129

• practical methodologies capable of the enantioselective incorporation of the trifluoromethyl unit into organic molecules has been developed widely [10][11][12], with a series of elegant organocatalytic strategies utilized toward these aims [13]. One general strategy for the organocatalytic construction of

• with amine nucleophiles allowed access to β-trifluoromethyl-β-hydroxyamides in moderate to good yield as single diastereoisomers in excellent er following purification [61]. Organocatalytic enantioselective aldol approaches using trifluoroacetophenone derivatives. NHC-catalyzed approaches to β-lactones

An overview on disulfide-catalyzed and -cocatalyzed photoreactions

• Yeersen Patehebieke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1418–1435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.118

• hydrodecarboxylation product 55. Nicewicz and co-workers also reported the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids and malonic acid derivatives catalyzed by an acridinium photoredox catalyst (Mes–Acr–Ph) and PhSSPh in 2015 (Scheme 20) [27]. This direct method of the organocatalytic decarboxylation of carboxylic acids to

Preparation of 2-phospholene oxides by the isomerization of 3-phospholene oxides

• Péter Bagi,
• Réka Herbay,
• Nikolett Péczka,
• Zoltán Mucsi,
• István Timári and
• György Keglevich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 818–832, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.75

• the 2-phospholene derivatives is beneficial for having enhanced organocatalytic activity, in a few instances [47]. The McCormack cycloaddition is a key reaction for the preparation of the five-membered P-heterocyclic scaffold, as both the 2- or 3-phospholene core can be prepared depending on the

Combining enyne metathesis with long-established organic transformations: a powerful strategy for the sustainable synthesis of bioactive molecules

• Valerian Dragutan,
• Ileana Dragutan,
• Albert Demonceau and
• Lionel Delaude

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 738–755, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.68

• in the pyrrolidine ring catalyzed by RhCl3·H2O, followed by debenzylation, amidation, and aminal generation using the Stille protocol [77]. (–)‐Clavukerin A and related sesquiterpenes Applying original organocatalytic/metal-catalyzed tactics, Metz et al. [78] reported a tandem dienyne RCM for the

• enantiopure trienyne or diene–diyne metathesis precursors were readily obtained from (S)-citronellal by a highly diastereoselective organocatalytic Michael addition. Erogorgiaene An exceptionally stereoselective synthesis of erogorgiaene (12) (95% E-selectivity) was reported by Hoveyda et al. [80]. They

Synthesis of 3-alkenylindoles through regioselective C–H alkenylation of indoles by a ruthenium nanocatalyst

• Abhijit Paul,
• Debnath Chatterjee,
• Srirupa Banerjee and
• Somnath Yadav

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 140–148, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.16

• purification [17][18]. As an example for the second category, Jiao and co-workers developed an organocatalytic C3–H alkenylation of indoles by the reaction of indoles with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in presence of morpholin-4-ium trifluoroacetate as a catalyst and a stoichiometric amount of DDQ to achieve

A review of asymmetric synthetic organic electrochemistry and electrocatalysis: concepts, applications, recent developments and future directions

• Munmun Ghosh,
• Valmik S. Shinde and
• Magnus Rueping

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2710–2746, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.264

• their review article [72]. In this section, we will be presenting a concise description of the use of organocatalysts as chiral inductors in electroorganic synthesis. In 2008, Page, Marken and their group reported a method for electricity-driven asymmetric organocatalytic epoxidation. The percarbonate

1,5-Phosphonium betaines from N-triflylpropiolamides, triphenylphosphane, and active methylene compounds

• Vito A. Fiore,
• Chiara Freisler and
• Gerhard Maas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2603–2611, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.253

• leading to butenolides occurs easily [17]. In contrast to acetylenic esters and ketones, acetylenic carboxamides have rarely been exposed to nucleophilic phosphanes in organocatalytic or stoichiometric reactions. Recently, we have reported on the synthesis and reactivity of N-triflylpropiolamides 1

1,2,3-Triazolium macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry

• Mastaneh Safarnejad Shad,
• Pulikkal Veettil Santhini and
• Wim Dehaen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2142–2155, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.211

• introducing a variety of chiral building blocks in the 1,2,3-triazolium macrocycles valuable insight may be provided into the enantioselective recognition and transformation of guest molecules. In the past decades, organocatalytic routes have emerged as an effective and ecofriendly approach towards the

An overview of the cycloaddition chemistry of fulvenes and emerging applications

• Ellen Swan,
• Kirsten Platts and
• Anton Blencowe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2113–2132, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.209

• organocatalytic, enantioselective intramolecular cycloaddition reaction was reported by Hayashi et al. for the synthesis of various tricyclopentanoids from pentafulvenes with δ-formyl groups tethered to the exocyclic C6 position via structurally distinct spacers [85]. The intramolecular [6 + 2] cycloaddition was

α-Photooxygenation of chiral aldehydes with singlet oxygen

• Dominika J. Walaszek,
• Magdalena Jawiczuk,
• Jakub Durka,
• Olga Drapała and
• Dorota Gryko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2076–2084, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.205

• University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjoc.15.205 Abstract Organocatalytic α-oxygenation of chiral aldehydes with photochemically generated singlet oxygen allows synthesizing chiral 3-substituted 1,2-diols. Stereochemical results indicate that the reaction in the presence

• -hydroxylation of aldehydes [14][15]. Recently, we have reported that organocatalytic photooxygenation of aldehydes affords the desired diols (after in situ reduction) in decent yield with either (R)- or (S)-selectivity depending on a catalysts used [14]. In the presence of prolinamides the (R)-enantiomer

• er for enantioenriched substrate 1 thus indicating that the organocatalytic photooxygenation of aldehydes with singlet oxygen is highly diastereoselective. In the case, when two chiral compounds participate in a given reaction, they, according to Masamune, may be considered as matching or mismatching

A heteroditopic macrocycle as organocatalytic nanoreactor for pyrroloacridinone synthesis in water

• Piyali Sarkar,
• Sayan Sarkar and
• Pradyut Ghosh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1505–1514, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.152

• Piyali Sarkar Sayan Sarkar Pradyut Ghosh School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India 10.3762/bjoc.15.152 Abstract A heteroditopic macrocycle is reported as an efficient organocatalytic nanoreactor for the

• environmentally benign solvent water has been used [11]. Organocatalytic nanoreactors have emerged as an exciting area for novel organic syntheses, offering environmentally friendlier processes [13][14][15][16][17][18]. The distinct nanospace around the substrates, use of green solvents and catalyst recycling

• , makes them highly valuable in view of sustainable chemical applications. Thus, the development of organocatalytic nanoreactors with new features is indeed important to address greener organic syntheses. On the other hand, the rational design of heterotopic macrocycles has attracted intense interest as