Scaling up of continuous-flow, microwave-assisted, organic reactions by varying the size of Pd-functionalized catalytic monoliths

• Ping He,
• Stephen J. Haswell,
• Paul D. I. Fletcher,
• Stephen M. Kelly and
• Andrew Mansfield

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1150–1157, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.133

• of a Micromeritics Surface Area and Porosity Analyzer. The pore volume and pore size distributions of the nm-scale pores within the monoliths were evaluated from the isotherms within the BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) model. The palladium content in the monoliths and washing liquid was determined by

• ICP–OES. Determination of the µm-scale porosity φt (which determines the monolith permeability) was determined from the equation (WM − WT)/dlr2π, where WT and WM were the weights of the dry and water filled monolith respectively, d was the density of water, l and r were the overall length and radius

ROMP-Derived cyclooctene-based monolithic polymeric materials reinforced with inorganic nanoparticles for applications in tissue engineering

• Franziska Weichelt,
• Solvig Lenz,
• Stefanie Tiede,
• Ingrid Reinhardt,
• Bernhard Frerich and
• Michael R. Buchmeiser

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1199–1205, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.137

• shown that the properties of the scaffold material, such as mechanical properties, porosity or surface structure, strongly affect the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (i.e., the formation of osseous, muscle or neural cells) and especially for the differentiation into osteoblasts, stiff

• materials with a specific surface structure and porosity, however, would allow for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, and thus the development of scaffold materials for bone regeneration. Ideal biomaterials for bone TE should be non-immunogeneic, biodegradable, highly

• porosity as explained above. Thus, with the addition of inorganic components, the microhardness of COE-based monoliths could efficiently be increased, however, the content of nanoparticles must not be too high, otherwise the effect of the larger pore size and porosity becomes dominant and the microhardness

Poly(glycolide) multi-arm star polymers: Improved solubility via limited arm length

• Florian K. Wolf,
• Anna M. Fischer and
• Holger Frey

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 67, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.67

• series was used as an integrated instrument, including a PSS Gral column (104/104/102 Å porosity) and RI detector. Calibration was achieved with poly(ethylene glycol) standards provided by Polymer Standards Service (PSS)/Germany. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were carried out on a

Gold film- catalysed benzannulation by Microwave- Assisted, Continuous Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS)

• Gjergji Shore,
• Michael Tsimerman and
• Michael G. Organ

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 35, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.35

• the formation metal oxides, for example, on the surface. Palladium films had the greatest porosity (panel b) while silver films (panel c) were the most dense and uniform. Gold films showed poor adhesion to the glass and poor performance when subjected to the rigors of MACOS. However, these properties

Asymmetric reactions in continuous flow

• Xiao Yin Mak,
• Paola Laurino and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 19, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.19

• drops during flow-through that can often be problematic with gel-type resins. The flexibility and ease for adjusting porosity, composition and shape of these materials is an additional advantage [37][38]. The monolith-supported chiral amino alcohol catalyst 29 has been developed for the enantioselective