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Search for "cytotoxicity" in Full Text gives 263 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Chemical constituents of Chaenomeles sinensis twigs and their biological activity
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 3078–3085, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.257
- effects including cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, antineuroinflammatory activity, and potential neurotrophic effect were evaluated. Keywords: antineuroinflammation; Chaenomeles sinensis; cytotoxicity; megastigmane; neurotrophic effect; Introduction Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne (Rosaceae
- compounds 1–12 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines, antineuroinflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine microglia BV-2 cell lines, and potential neurotrophic effects in C6 cells. Results and Discussion From the n-BuOH-soluble fraction of the
- continuing search for cytotoxic, antineuroinflammatory, and neurotrophic secondary metabolites from C. sinensis [13][14][15][21], the isolates (1–12) were tested for these biological activities. The cytotoxicity was evaluated on the basis of the growth inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds 1–12
Selected peptide-based fluorescent probes for biological applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2971–2982, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.247
- intensity. Control studies confirmed that the tailor-made GCP moiety is crucial for selective recognition of 14-3-3 proteins. A high cell viability is observed for these two probes when tested with HeLa cell lines in cytotoxicity studies. β-Tryptase β-Tryptase is the predominant secretory granule-derived
Synthesis and investigation of quadruplex-DNA-binding, 9-O-substituted berberine derivatives
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2795–2806, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.230
- several human cancer cells, but has only a relatively low cytotoxicity in healthy cells [31][32]. Berberine is also known as a G4-DNA ligand [33]. Especially berberine derivatives that carry additional substituents with varying alkyl chain lengths in the 9- and 13-position show enhanced binding properties
Bifurcated synthesis of methylene-lactone- and methylene-lactam-fused spirolactams via electrophilic amide allylation of γ-phenylthio-functionalized γ-lactams
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2769–2775, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.227
- understanding of the structure–cytotoxicity relationship [14]. Therefore, we were motivated to develop a new synthetic methodology for N-alkyl and N-phenyl derivatives 4 and 5 starting from 2 with 1. Results and Discussion Our studies began with an exploration of a promising substrate for the desired
- bearing an acrylamide side chain as a common intermediate. Finally, we subjected methylene-lactone-fused spirolactams to the assay of cytotoxicity on P388 cells (Figure 2). N-Methyl-substituted spirolactam 5c exhibited potent cytotoxicity (IC50 0.32 μg/mL) which was comparable to that of the N-acetyl
- analog E (0.16 μg/mL) [14]. It should be noted that the IC50 values of our recently reported non-conjugated lactone F [27] was >100 μg/mL. In addition to 5c, we tested the cytotoxicity of methylene-lactam-based compound 4o, which exhibited weak activity (IC50 12.4 μg/mL) against the P388 cell line. These
Nocarimidazoles C and D, antimicrobial alkanoylimidazoles from a coral-derived actinomycete Kocuria sp.: application of 1JC,H coupling constants for the unequivocal determination of substituted imidazoles and stereochemical diversity of anteisoalkyl chains in microbial metabolites
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2719–2727, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.222
- 1 and 4 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against P388 murine leukemia cells, with an IC50 of 38 and 33 μM, respectively. Conclusion Alkanoylimidazoles, 4-acylated imidazoles of varying chain length and terminal branching, with occasional substitution at C-5 by an amino group, are an emerging class of
- 13.5 min), nocarimidazole B (4, 8.0 mg, tR 17.3 min) from fraction 4, and bulbimidazole A (5, 3.2 mg, tR 11.2 min) from fraction 5. Bioassays The antimicrobial activity was evaluated in a similar manner as previously reported [22]. The cytotoxicity against P388 murine leukemia cells was examined
Enzyme-instructed morphological transition of the supramolecular assemblies of branched peptides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2709–2718, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.221
- concentrations, exhibit the same morphological appearances, agreeing with the statement that the nanofibers likely are made of Nap-ffky. Cytotoxicity, cell lysates, and protein delivery We investigated the cell compatibility of 1 and 2 by incubation with two kinds of mammalian cells, HeLa and Saos-2 cells, using
Host–guest interaction of cucurbit[8]uril with oroxin A and its effect on the properties of oroxin A
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2332–2337, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.194
- involve three main intermolecular forces: a hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonding and ion–dipole interactions at the carbonyl portals [7][8][9]. The high thermal stability [10], ease of synthesis [11], general absence of cytotoxicity or toxicity [12][13] and their good molecular recognition and binding
Clustering and curation of electropherograms: an efficient method for analyzing large cohorts of capillary electrophoresis glycomic profiles for bioprocessing operations
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2087–2099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.176
- fucosylation or increase in galactosylation is needed for either antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity [1][2] or complement-dependent cytotoxicity [3][4], respectively, whilst additionally, antibody mannosylation is important for clearance [5]. For these reasons, glycosylation is a critical quality attribute
Automated high-content imaging for cellular uptake, from the Schmuck cation to the latest cyclic oligochalcogenides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2007–2016, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.167
- ), here exemplified by asparagusic acid. A persistent challenge in this evolution is the simultaneous and quantitative detection of cytosolic delivery and cytotoxicity in a high-throughput format. Here, we show that the combination of the HaloTag-based chloroalkane penetration assay (CAPA) with automated
- results can be obtained from dose–response curves of the targeted delivery to selected cells and the cytotoxicity in the same experiment, even with poorly optimized cellular systems. Keywords: automation; cell-penetrating peptides; cellular uptake; cytosolic delivery; cytotoxicity; high-content imaging
- transfection results. In contrast to the linear Schmuck peptides, the inactivity of a bafilomycin treatment in gene transfection processes indicates the nonendocytic cellular uptake pathway. Among the central challenges with CPPs in general are the cytotoxicity and the endosomal capture, particularly with an
Three new O-isocrotonyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid congeners produced by a sea anemone-derived marine bacterium of the genus Vibrio
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1869–1874, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.154
- (3), and 25 μg/mL (4), respectively. None of the compounds showed cytotoxicity against 3Y1 rat embryonic fibroblastic cells below 50 μg/mL. Conclusion In summary, the known O-isocrotonyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid (4) and its three new congeners with different alkyl chain lengths, O-isocrotonyl-3
- )-configuration of the 3-hydroxy acid components in 1–4. These compounds showed no cytotoxicity but were weakly antibacterial against a fish ulcer pathogen, Tenacibaculum maritimum. The (2Z)-enoic acyl termini in 1–4 are precedented by 5, discovered from another Vibrio bacterium, and the (R)-configured short
- . Antibacterial assay The antibacterial activity was evaluated by a microculture technique described previously [20], except for a 1:100 reduction of the seeding density of T. maritimum NBRC16015. Cytotoxicity assay 3Y1 rat embryonic fibroblastic cells were maintained in low-glucose DMEM medium containing ʟ
Antibacterial scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), egg ribbons, and their dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1596–1605, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.132
- sponge prey availability [41]. The isolated metabolites showed various biological activities, such as cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor activities, inhibition of transactivation for the farnesoid X receptor, inhibition of mammalian phospholipase A2, and ichthyotoxicity against the
Anthelmintic drug discovery: target identification, screening methods and the role of open science
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1203–1224, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.105
- activity, with IC50 value for the xL3 motility improved to 0.38 µM and for the L4 development to 0.7 nM, with a similar activity for the corresponding fluoropyrazole derivative 24. These latter two compounds 23 and 24 showed high selectivity for the parasite, with low or no cytotoxicity. The authors went
A cyclopeptide and three oligomycin-class polyketides produced by an underexplored actinomycete of the genus Pseudosporangium
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1100–1110, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.97
- Glomerella cingulata. All compounds showed moderate cytotoxicity against P388 murine leukemia cells with IC50 values in the micromolar to submicromolar ranges. These results exemplified the validity of phylogeny-focused strain selection combined with biosynthetic gene-directed genome mining for the efficient
- examined in antimicrobial and cytotoxicity assays (Table 3). Pseudosporamide (1) was not active against all microorganisms tested in this study. Pseudosporamicin 2–4 were selectively active against the Gram-positive bacterium Kocuria rhizophila and the filamentous fungus Glomerella cingulate, but were
- inactive against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Rhizobium radiobacter, and Candida albicans. The antimicrobial potency of 2 and 3 were similar, implying that the acyl side chain at C13 of compound 2 had no influence on the activity. In addition, compounds 1–4 showed moderate cytotoxicity against
Synthesis and anticancer activity of bis(2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl) selenides and diselenides: the copper-catalyzed tandem C–H selenation of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine with selenium
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1075–1083, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.94
- appropriate quantity under otherwise identical reaction conditions. The prepared selenides and diselenides bearing two imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine rings were all novel compounds. Among the prepared diselenides and selenides that exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cells, bis[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a
- ]pyridin-3-yl] diselenide showed an excellent anticancer activity and low cytotoxicity toward noncancer cells, suggesting that this diselenide is a potential lead compound for anticancer therapy. Keywords: anticancer activity; copper catalyst; diselenide; imidazopyridine; selenide; selenium; Introduction
- Figure 6, 2f also exhibited cytotoxicity against U251 human glioblastoma cells and HKBMM human malignant meningioma cells. Importantly, the diselenide 2f was more cytotoxic toward HeLa cancer cells than to human brain microvascular endothelial (HBME) cells, which are noncancerous (Figure 7). Hence, the
Efficient synthesis of piperazinyl amides of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 798–808, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.73
- modifications at the C3-OH group of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid are identified to be relatively common and effective. The modification of the C3-OH group, altering the molecular polarity of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, may be an advantage in achieving better cytotoxicity or antiproliferative activity [8][9][10]. For
Combining enyne metathesis with long-established organic transformations: a powerful strategy for the sustainable synthesis of bioactive molecules
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 738–755, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.68
- constitute a broad family of natural macrolides that act as powerful cytotoxic agents against various cancer cell lines. Due to the stereochemical intricacy and high cytotoxicity, these compounds have attracted a great deal of attention from synthetic chemists. The application of an intermolecular enyne
- highly critical parameter for their activity, while certain alterations of the side chain do not affect the cytotoxicity to a notable extent. Anthramycin In an interesting approach to the protected precursor 8 of (+)-anthramycin (8a), a compound with strong antitumor activity having a
Two antibacterial and PPARα/γ-agonistic unsaturated keto fatty acids from a coral-associated actinomycete of the genus Micrococcus
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 297–304, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.29
- cytotoxicity against murine leukemia P388 cells at 100 µM. Additionally, compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for agonist activity to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) because similar oxo fatty acids are known to act as PPAR agonists [42]. PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors playing
- . The tests were done in triplicates, and the absorbance at a wavelength of 650 nm was measured with the help of a microplate reader. Cytotoxicity assay The cytotoxicity assay was carried out in a similar manner as described in [17]. P388 murine leukemia cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium
Potent hemithioindigo-based antimitotics photocontrol the microtubule cytoskeleton in cellulo
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 125–134, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.14
- future in vivo studies. We also noted that the para-hydroxy HITubs featured ca. 30% residual (Z)-HITub at PSS λ = 450 nm in cell-free measurements, and that for HITub-2–4, the PSS isomer mixture's cellular cytotoxicity at that wavelength was on average 3.3-fold lower than the cytotoxicity of the
Photocontrolled DNA minor groove interactions of imidazole/pyrrole polyamides
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 60–70, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.8
- to modulate gene expression in an organism has attracted considerable interest in molecular medicine [1]. However, the missing selectivity of chemical agents, such as chemotherapeutics, often results in undesirable cytotoxicity, harming healthy cells, and thereby inducing a multitude of side effects
Light-controllable dithienylethene-modified cyclic peptides: photoswitching the in vivo toxicity in zebrafish embryos
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 39–49, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.6
- , we noticed that there was generally a poor correlation between the antibacterial activity on the one side, and the cytotoxicity against HeLa cells on the other side, and erythrocytes as a third scenario. Different compounds could thus be regarded as potential leads for chemotherapy of either
- cells may not be the leading cause of in vivo toxicity for these membranolytic peptides. Based on the results described above, we wondered whether the cytotoxicity against epithelial cells should be considered as an important safety aspect for applications in humans, and whether it should be monitored
- such comparisons are known for peptides or peptidomimetics. When plotting the D. rerio embryotoxicity LD50 values of the ring-open (activated, ON) photoforms against the in vitro HeLa cytotoxicity indicators, namely against IC50 [30] of the ring-closed (deactivated, OFF) photoforms (Figure 5A), the
Pigmentosins from Gibellula sp. as antibiofilm agents and a new glycosylated asperfuran from Cordyceps javanica
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2968–2981, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.293
- cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors [35], insecticides, antimicrobial agents, and immunomodulators [36]. In the current study, beauverolide N (4) displayed weak antibiofilm activity against S. aureus DSM1104 (MIC 250 μg/mL) and weak cytotoxicity against KB3.1 cells (IC50 16 μg/mL), while
- against Caenorhabditis elegans was investigated using a microtiter plate assay according to Helaly and co-workers [9], while the cytotoxicity was tested against murine fibroblast (L929) and human HeLa (KB3.1) cell lines according to Chepkirui and co-workers [50]. The isolated compounds were also tested
- Department in Thailand is gratefully acknowledged for permission to conduct a study in the protected area. We also thank Wera Collisi, Christel Kakoschke, and Donnaya Thanakitpipattana for conducting the cytotoxicity assay, NMR spectroscopic measurements, and providing some sequence data, respectively
Chemical synthesis of tripeptide thioesters for the biotechnological incorporation into the myxobacterial secondary metabolite argyrin via mutasynthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2922–2929, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.286
- , cytotoxicity and antibiotic activity, the selectivity profile of this class of compounds should be considered for optimization of future antibacterials. The first total synthesis was reported by Ley and co-workers [14] for argyrin B in 18 linear steps, followed by an alternative strategy towards argyrin F (6
Skeletocutins M–Q: biologically active compounds from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Skeletocutis sp. collected in Africa
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2782–2789, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.270
- during this cytotoxicity study [6]. Conclusion In summary, five previously undescribed tyromycin A derivatives 1–5 could be isolated from Skeletocutis sp. fruiting bodies. These metabolites are closely related to the skelotocutins that were previously reported as isolates from liquid cultures. Compounds
- albicans (C. albicans) DSM1665 were applied. The assays were conducted in 96-well plates and Mueller–Hinton Broth (MHB) for bacteria, or yeast, malt, and gluocse (YMG) medium for filamentous fungus and yeasts. Cytotoxicity assay In vitro cytotoxicity, using IC50 values as a measure, was evaluated against
- ITS sequences of the producing strain. Acknowledgements We are grateful to W. Collisi for conducting the cytotoxicity assays, C. Kakoschke for recording NMR data, and C. Schwager as well as E. Surges for recording HPLC–MS data. Financial support by the ASAFEM project (Grant no. IC-070) under the
Diversity-oriented synthesis of spirothiazolidinediones and their biological evaluation
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2774–2781, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.269
- dormancy) of drug candidates and toxic compounds. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using a standard MTT colorimetric assay in a similar manner as described in [60][61]. HEK293 cells were plated in 96-well microassay culture plates (1 × 104 cells per well) and grown overnight at 37 °C in a 5% CO2
- , the formazan crystals were dissolved in 150 μL of DMSO, and the absorbance was determined at 595 nm using a microplate spectrophotometer. The IC50 value was determined from plots of percent viability against the dose of the compound added. Cytotoxicity assay: Viability (live/dead) assessment was
Plasma membrane imaging with a fluorescent benzothiadiazole derivative
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2644–2654, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.257
- (GGA level) and ωB97XD (long range-corrected hybrid level) XCFs were employed. Both B97D3 and ωB97XD were strongly recommended by a thoroughly benchmarking of DFT methods for thermochemistry by Goerik and Grimme [55]. The new dye was then submitted to an MTT assay to investigate possible cytotoxicity
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