Synthesis of (Z)-3-[amino(phenyl)methylidene]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones using an Eschenmoser coupling reaction

• Lukáš Marek,
• Lukáš Kolman,
• Jiří Váňa,
• Jan Svoboda and
• Jiří Hanusek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 527–539, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.47

• derivative. Such nitrogen protection/deprotection (e.g., acetylation/deacetylation) is often used in the other synthetic strategies described in Scheme 1. Therefore, the starting isatin was acetylated first with acetic anhydride [47] in 95% yield and then reduced with various complex borohydrides (e.g

• with inversed configuration of the double bond. Several synthetic strategies starting from isocyanate [22][23] or oxindole [4][12] precursors work well only with protected nitrogen(s) in the starting compounds whose preparation and protection/deprotection also lengthens the total synthesis and

Synthetic strategies of phosphonodepsipeptides

• Jiaxi Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 461–484, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.41

• converted into N-Cbz-1-aminoalkylphosphonochloridates 13, which were further coupled with methyl (S)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (14), affording the protected phosphonodepsidipeptides 15. Finally, after deprotection the free phosphonodepsidipeptides 10 were obtained [19]. The disodium salts of the trans

• amino acids 206 to give the corresponding protected phosphonopeptides 207. After deprotection by hydrogenolysis and treatment with CF3CO2H, the phosphonodepsipeptides 208 were obtained (Scheme 38) [59]. Phosphonodepsipeptides with C-1-hydroxyalkylphosphonic acids are also accessible through carbene

Regioselective chemoenzymatic syntheses of ferulate conjugates as chromogenic substrates for feruloyl esterases

• Olga Gherbovet,
• Fernando Ferreira,
• Apolline Clément,
• Mélanie Ragon,
• Julien Durand,
• Sophie Bozonnet,
• Michael J. O'Donohue and
• Régis Fauré

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.30

• chromogenic 5-O-feruloylated α-ʟ-arabinofuranosides 1a and 1b is usually achieved using a multistep pathway that involves trapping the furanose conformation, anomeric activation, glycosidation, regioselective deprotection of the primary hydroxy group, feruloylation, and final deprotection to yield the target

• the primary hydroxy group compare favorably with the previously reported overall yield (46 and 47%, respectively, in three steps) [15][16][17][29], which relate to the selective enzymatic O-5-deacetylation and esterification of the primary hydroxy group and a final deprotection of the 2,3-O-acetyl

• groups of the glycoside and the O-acetyl group of the ferulate moiety. The fact that lipase-catalyzed transesterification obviates the need for protection and deprotection is a considerable advantage because the final deprotection in the chemical pathway is complicated by the presence of another ester

Total synthesis of decarboxyaltenusin

• Lucas Warmuth,
• Aaron Weiß,
• Marco Reinhardt,
• Anna Meschkov,
• Ute Schepers and
• Joachim Podlech

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 224–228, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.22

• been used in a 1.2-fold excess) turned out to be very laborious. Moreover, the subsequent deprotection to the natural product 1 could not be achieved sufficiently: After treatment of 10a with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF), the signals of 1 could be detected in a 1H NMR spectrum of the crude

A sustainable strategy for the straightforward preparation of 2H-azirines and highly functionalized NH-aziridines from vinyl azides using a single solvent flow-batch approach

• Michael Andresini,
• Leonardo Degannaro and
• Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.20

• proceed stereoselectively when organolithium compounds were added to 2,3-diphenyl-2H-azirine. This is a fast, safe, green and convenient method to access this interesting structural motif without requiring protection/deprotection steps or long synthetic pathways. Flow generation and transformation of 2H

Au(III) complexes with tetradentate-cyclam-based ligands

• Ann Christin Reiersølmoen,
• Thomas N. Solvi and
• Anne Fiksdahl

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 186–192, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.18

• chiral mono-Boc-1,2-diamines and (dialkyl)malonyl dichloride via open diamide-bis(N-Boc-amino) intermediates (65–91%). Deprotection and ring closure with a second malonyl unit afforded the cyclam tetraamide precursors (80–95%). The new protocol allowed the preparation of the target cyclam derivatives (53

• reaction of the mono-Boc-protected diamine (A-Boc) followed by Boc deprotection with HCl, and final ring closure of diamide–diamine intermediate 1a with a second malonyl unit to give tetraamide product 2a (Scheme 1a). The equivalent ethyl-substituted cyclam 4a was prepared in comparable yield (63% over the

Novel library synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted pyridin-2(1H)-ones via cleavage of pyridine-2-oxy-7-azabenzotriazole ethers under ionic hydrogenation conditions at room temperature

• Romain Pierre,
• Anne Brethon,
• Sylvain A. Jacques,
• Aurélie Blond,
• Sandrine Chambon,
• Sandrine Talano,
• Catherine Raffin,
• Branislav Musicki,
• Claire Bouix-Peter,
• Loic Tomas,
• Gilles Ouvry,
• Rémy Morgentin,
• Laurent F. Hennequin and
• Craig S. Harris

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 156–165, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.16

• library building block acid chloride 2. The libraries were prepared in a 3-step manner: 1) amide coupling; 2) deprotection of the 2-methoxypyridine through hydrolysis at elevated temperatures; and 3) the final SNAr or Ullman step to introduce the amine vector with variable yields and chromatographic

• to purify the Boc protected intermediates 9a–e by Prep-LC–MS as the final products 10a–e were difficult to purify owing to their particularly poor solubility in the mobile phase. The final products were delivered as their HCl salts following Boc deprotection using HCl in dioxane overnight

• under these acidic conditions, hydrolysis of our py–OAt ether 15 would be accompanied by in situ deprotection of the Boc group to afford directly our final pyridin-2-(1H)-one products 16 and thereby eliminating a purification stage compared to the previous route. As literature was scarce for this

Supramolecular polymers with reversed viscosity/temperature profile for application in motor oils

• Jan-Erik Ostwaldt,
• Christoph Hirschhäuser,
• Stefan K. Maier,
• Carsten Schmuck and
• Jochen Niemeyer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 105–114, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.11

• cyclisation. Thus, all compounds feature a central BINAM unit, which is connected to the BUs (GCP or ACP) via a propionamide linker [29]. The synthesis of compound 1 was carried out starting from BINAM by coupling with GCP derivate 5 [12][13] after activation with thionyl chloride (see Figure 3). Deprotection

• with TFA yielded the bis-GCP derivate 1 in 40% yield over two steps. Accordingly, the ACP derivative 6 was coupled with BINAM, followed by deprotection to give bis-ACP derivative 2 (60% yield over two steps). For the extension of the linker unit, BINAM was first coupled with glutamic acid (O-benzyl and

• N-Boc protected). Removal of the Boc groups, coupling with the ACP precursor 6 and final deprotection gave the extended bis-ACP compound 3 (44% yield over 4 steps). Finally, BINAM was first brominated in the 6-position to give 8 [30], followed by coupling with the ACP precursor 6. This allowed the

Supramolecular polymerization of sulfated dendritic peptide amphiphiles into multivalent L-selectin binders

• David Straßburger,
• Svenja Herziger,
• Katharina Huth,
• Moritz Urschbach,
• Rainer Haag and
• Pol Besenius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 97–104, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.10

• -mediated amidation of Boc-protected tri-ʟ-phenylalanine, as β-sheet directing peptide sequence, afforded the peptide amphiphile in good yields. After deprotection of the N-terminus with TFA, molecule 4 was suitable for coupling to the branching unit to obtain the desired dendritic peptide amphiphiles. In

Progress in the total synthesis of inthomycins

• Bidyut Kumar Senapati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 58–82, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.7

• %). Deprotection of the TBDMS ether of stannane 40 with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in THF and then subsequent Swern oxidation of the crude alcohol gave aldehyde 41 in 71% yield. The aldehyde 41 was treated with ethyl isobutyrate (42) in the presence of LDA to afford the aldol adduct (Z)-(rac)-43 in the

• diastereoisomers. Then, the key aldol reaction of 123 with silyl enol ether 53 under optimized Mukaiyama–Kiyooka conditions, followed by TIPS deprotection, afforded adduct (3R)-(+)-11 in 63% yield and with 94% ee. Ester hydrolysis followed by acetylation of (3R)- (+)-11 produced acid derivative (+)-76 [50] in 87

• ). Initially, (E)-pent-2-en-4-yn-1-ol (124) was smoothly converted into the desired bromide derivative 125 [67] in two simple steps. The bromide 125 was then reacted with pre-lithiated oxazole derivative 120 [68][69] under optimized conditions to produce coupled product 126. The selective deprotection of the

Recent progress in the synthesis of homotropane alkaloids adaline, euphococcinine and N-methyleuphococcinine

• Dimas J. P. Lima,
• Antonio E. G. Santana,
• Michael A. Birkett and
• Ricardo S. Porto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 28–41, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.4

• dipolar cycloaddition to produce tricyclic isoxazolidines [40]. The synthesis started from 5-hexyn-1-ol (4, Scheme 2). The alcohol was treated with dihydropyran followed by alkylation using butyllithium and then, acetal deprotection, providing the alcohol 5 as a key starting compound for the (±)-adaline

• providing a mixture of monoprotected diols (−)-53 and 54 in a 10:1 ratio for the least sterically hindered alcohol in 98% yield. After chromatographic separation, (−)-53 underwent radical-induced Barton–McCombie deoxygenation (AIBN, Bu3SnH) to form (−)-55 in 82% yield. The double deprotection of (−)-55

Ring-closing metathesis of prochiral oxaenediynes to racemic 4-alkenyl-2-alkynyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans

• Viola Kolaříková,
• Markéta Rybáčková,
• Martin Svoboda and
• Jaroslav Kvíčala

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2757–2768, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.226

• and Mo catalysts. Beneficial effect of ethene atmosphere. Enantioselective dienyne metathesis [21]. Diastereoselective endiyne metathesis [31]. Synthesis of hepta-1,6-diyn-4-ol (4a). Protection of hepta-1,6-diyn-4-ol (4a). Alkylation of the protected diynols 7a and 8a. Deprotection of protected

Optical detection of di- and triphosphate anions with mixed monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles containing zinc(II)–dipicolylamine complexes

• Lena Reinke,
• Julia Bartl,
• Marcus Koch and
• Stefan Kubik

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2687–2700, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.219

• nanoparticle surface after immobilization. Compound 2 was prepared by starting from potassium phthalimide and 1,12-dibromododecane (Scheme 2). The product resulting from this step was treated with bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine to give a DPA derivative that was coupled to (R)-lipoic acid after deprotection to

Vicinal difluorination as a C=C surrogate: an analog of piperine with enhanced solubility, photostability, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity

• Yuvixza Lizarme-Salas,
• Alexandra Daryl Ariawan,
• Ranjala Ratnayake,
• Hendrik Luesch,
• Angela Finch and
• Luke Hunter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2663–2670, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.216

• moiety throughout (Scheme 3). Thus, the α,β-unsaturated ester 15 [25] was carried through a similar sequence to that previously described, i.e., dihydroxylation, cyclic sulfate formation, ring-opening with TBAF (although note the regioselectivity [31]), deoxyfluorination, and deprotection to deliver the

Water-soluble host–guest complexes between fullerenes and a sugar-functionalized tribenzotriquinacene assembling to microspheres

• Si-Yuan Liu,
• Xin-Rui Wang,
• Man-Ping Li,
• Wen-Rong Xu and
• Dietmar Kuck

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2551–2561, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.207

• sodium cations requires further studies. Despite the unusual mass spectrometric behavior of the compound, the combined spectroscopic evidence strongly supports the identity of TBTQ-(OAcG)6. After deprotection of the glucose units, the acetyl signals disappeared in the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the target

Synthetic approaches to bowl-shaped π-conjugated sumanene and its congeners

• Shakeel Alvi and
• Rashid Ali

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2212–2259, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.186

Naphthalene diimide bis-guanidinio-carbonyl-pyrrole as a pH-switchable threading DNA intercalator

• Poulami Jana,
• Filip Šupljika,
• Carsten Schmuck and
• Ivo Piantanida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2201–2211, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.185

• atmosphere. Then, water (100 mL) was added and the yellow precipitate was filtered, and washed with ether. After Boc and Fmoc deprotection by using TFA and piperidine, respectively, crude compound 4 was obtained. The crude product was further purified by column chromatography (1% methanol in chloroform

pH- and concentration-dependent supramolecular self-assembly of a naturally occurring octapeptide

• Goutam Ghosh and
• Gustavo Fernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.168

• nanostructures as well as the secondary structures. Results and Discussion Solid-phase peptide synthesis and purification The target octapeptide was synthesized in the solid phase following four steps, including: i) deprotection of the Fmoc protecting group, ii) coupling of an amino acid, iii) cleavage of the

• resin was washed with DMF (10 mL × 4). Subsequently, 10 mL of 20% piperidine in DMF were added to the preswollen resin, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 30 minutes under a nitrogen gas atmosphere. After washing the resin with DMF, the deprotection procedure was repeated, and the resin was

• thoroughly washed with DMF. Subsequently, a Kaiser test [23] was performed to monitor the deprotection step. A few resin beads were placed in a small vial and washed with ethanol, and then, two drops of each of the three solutions were added and heated to 100 °C for 4–6 min. The color change of the initially

Syntheses of spliceostatins and thailanstatins: a review

• William A. Donaldson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1991–2006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.166

• 22 to generate the secondary alcohol 23. The acylation of 23, followed by the treatment with Jones’ reagent effected the THP deprotection as well as an overoxidation to give 13. The syn-selective reduction of 13 was accomplished with a balloon worth of pressure of H2 in the presence of the Lindlar

• ), low yield (5.4%), and the relative expense of the starting material ($22.3/g). In their second-generation approach (Scheme 11) [9], the acetonide-protected dithiane was alkylated according to Horton’s procedure [34]. A deprotection and cyclic-ketal formation gave 70, allowing for a convergence with

• product, this route is shorter and higher-yielding (11 steps, 11.5%) than the Kitahara synthesis. However, it suffers from repeated protection/deprotection steps. The Ghosh group utilized (R)-glyceraldehyde acetonide (79, readily available from ᴅ-mannitol) as a chiral pool precursor for the introduction

Metal-free synthesis of phosphinoylchroman-4-ones via a radical phosphinoylation–cyclization cascade mediated by K₂S₂O₈

• Qiang Liu,
• Weibang Lu,
• Guanqun Xie and
• Xiaoxia Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1974–1982, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.164

• synthesize a series of phosphine oxide and phosphonate-functionalized chroman-4-ones. Unfortunately, the preparation of the substrates involved a Rh-catalyzed hydrophosphinylation of a protected functional alkyne, and the subsequent deprotection with Hg(O2CCF3)2, which is not environmentally benign (Scheme

Synthesis of monophosphorylated lipid A precursors using 2-naphthylmethyl ether as a protecting group

• Jundi Xue,
• Ziyi Han,
• Gen Li,
• Khalisha A. Emmanuel,
• Cynthia L. McManus,
• Qiang Sui,
• Dongmian Ge,
• Qi Gao and
• Li Cai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1955–1962, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.162

• the molecule until the final global deprotection step. Our synthetic strategy is not only efficient in regards to the yield of the various chemical transformations, but also robust in regards to the potential application of this route to the production of other lipid A analogs. Keywords: lipid A

• [4]. They are also essential for orthogonal protection of glucosamine, allowing the specific deprotection in subsequent steps (for example, the arylidene acetals at O4 and O6 could be regioselectively opened and transformed into Nap ethers) [19]. The C-3 hydroxy group in compound 14 was then acylated

• phosphorylated using tetrabenzyl diphosphate in the presence of lithium bis(trimethyl)silylamide (LHMDS) in THF at −78 °C [23] to afford the anomeric phosphate 23 exclusively as the α-anomer. Finally, global deprotection of 23 (benzyl phosphate, Nap ethers, and naphthylidene acetal) were accomplished by

Synthesis, docking study and biological evaluation of ᴅ-fructofuranosyl and ᴅ-tagatofuranosyl sulfones as potential inhibitors of the mycobacterial galactan synthesis targeting the galactofuranosyltransferase GlfT2

• Marek Baráth,
• Jana Jakubčinová,
• Zuzana Konyariková,
• Stanislav Kozmon,
• Katarína Mikušová and
• Maroš Bella

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1853–1862, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.152

• effective. As the yields of 2-thio-ᴅ-tagatofuranosides 17 were comparable to the yield of 2-thio-ᴅ-tagatofuranoside 13 obtained by thioglycosylation of 11, derivative 12 proved to be a more suitable substrate for the synthesis of target compounds 2 and 3 due to the possibility of simultaneous deprotection

Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide of Azospirillum doebereinerae type strain GSF71^T using linear and one-pot iterative glycosylations

• Arin Gucchait,
• Pradip Shit and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1700–1705, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.141

• led to the formation of disaccharide acceptor 5 in 73% yield. The quantity of HClO4-SiO2 present in the reaction mixture was very low, which allowed the selective deprotection of the highly acid labile PMB group without affecting the benzylidene acetal in the molecule in dichloromethane as the solvent

Clickable azide-functionalized bromoarylaldehydes – synthesis and photophysical characterization

• Dominik Göbel,
• Marius Friedrich,
• Enno Lork and
• Boris J. Nachtsheim

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1683–1692, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.139

• previous deprotection reactions, fluorene 21 was converted by means of a three-step sequence to the desired azide-functionalized 7-bromofluorene-2-carbaldehyde 5 in 86% yield and an overall yield of 45% (starting from fluorene). The molecular structure of 5 could be verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD, see

• the work-up conditions were made. Here, upon complete formation of 24, rapid filtration of the reaction mixture through a plug of neutral alumina, solvent evaporation and quick conversion in the next step was successfully applied. Deprotection to the carbaldehyde was performed using the well applied

Facile synthesis of 7-alkyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridines as arginine mimetics using a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons-based approach

• Rhys A. Lippa,
• John A. Murphy and
• Tim N. Barrett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1617–1626, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.134

• inhibitors based on the tripeptide sequence Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) are potential therapeutics for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Herein, we describe an expeditious three-step synthetic sequence of Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination, diimide reduction, and global deprotection to synthesise

• of base (6 equiv) was required to overcome stalling of the olefination process. Reduction to compound 16 using benzenesulfonyl hydrazide (generating diimide in situ) proceeded in 80% yield and was followed by single-pot carbamate and phosphonate deprotection to afford arginine mimetic 6 in 86% yield

• . This represents a 64% overall yield which was increased to 68% when no column chromatography was undertaken between transformations, with no loss of purity (Scheme 5). Olefin reduction and Cbz deprotection could not be performed simultaneously by palladium-catalysed hydrogenation as this resulted in