New core-pyrene π structure organophotocatalysts usable as highly efficient photoinitiators

• Sofia Telitel,
• Frédéric Dumur,
• Thomas Faury,
• Bernadette Graff,
• Mohamad-Ali Tehfe,
• Didier Gigmes,
• Jean-Pierre Fouassier and
• Jacques Lalevée

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 877–890, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.101

• irradiation, we have recently started the search for suitable multifunctional arrangements exhibiting a strong coupling of the molecular orbitals MOs [42][43]. Improved absorption properties (red-shifted λ, higher ε) while keeping a high reactivity have been already achieved. Examples of these investigated

Thermotropic and lyotropic behaviour of new liquid-crystalline materials with different hydrophilic groups: synthesis and mesomorphic properties

• Alexej Bubnov,
• Miroslav Kašpar,
• Věra Hamplová,
• Ute Dawin and
• Frank Giesselmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 425–436, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.45

• such as the organization of carbon nanotubes [17] or various nanoparticles [18] in a liquid-crystalline matrix. To reach the goal, several new multifunctional liquid-crystalline materials possessing either ethylene glycol units (denoted as TL1 and TL2) or a different number of hydroxy groups (denoted

• observed for the chiral compound in [26] having the same molecular core as TL4 but a branched chiral alkoxy chain instead of the decyloxy group used for TL4. The relation between the molecular structure and mesomorphic properties of these new multifunctional compounds with different structures is discussed

Spin state switching in iron coordination compounds

• Philipp Gütlich,
• Ana B. Gaspar and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 342–391, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.39

• -, oligonuclear and higher nuclearity complexes, polymeric 1D, 2D and 3D systems, 1D chain compounds and 2D and 3D networks, SCO in nanomaterials, and soft matter, such as metallomesogens, as examples for the main current objectives in SCO research, viz. synthesizing so-called multifunctional materials, which

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as drug carriers

• Francesco Trotta,
• Marco Zanetti and
• Roberta Cavalli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2091–2099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.235

• mixtures are described in the literature [4], and dimers [5], trimers [6], and polymers have also been obtained [7]. A different approach is to synthesise cross-linked cyclodextrin-based polymers so as to prepare insoluble multifunctional cyclodextrin derivatives [8][9][10]. These polymers can be obtained

• used as excipients in preparing tablets, capsules, pellets, granules, suspensions, solid dispersions, or topical dosage forms or as new nanotechnological, multifunctional carriers [31][32]. In particular, the design of new nanodelivery systems to improve drug administration is currently being studied

• -fluorouracil and tamoxifen, as is shown in Table 1. Considering their versatility, nanosponges can act as multifunctional carriers, i.e., to enhance solubility, protect fragile molecules, and achieve sustained release. In many cases they act with two or more functions simultaneously. In this review we

Design and synthesis of quasi-diastereomeric molecules with unchanging central, regenerating axial and switchable helical chirality via cleavage and formation of Ni(II)–O and Ni(II)–N coordination bonds

• Vadim A. Soloshonok,
• José Luis Aceña,
• Hisanori Ueki and
• Jianlin Han

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1920–1928, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.223

• presence of two potentially reactive amide groups and the multifunctional nature of compounds 12. In particular, preparation of the most desirable NH-containing (R’ = H) derivatives 13, by reaction of 12 with ammonia or its derivatives, was not possible at all. Modification of the synthetic scheme with

Self-assembled organic–inorganic magnetic hybrid adsorbent ferrite based on cyclodextrin nanoparticles

• Ângelo M. L. Denadai,
• Frederico B. De Sousa,
• Joel J. Passos,
• Fernando C. Guatimosim,
• Kirla D. Barbosa,
• Ana E. Burgos,
• Fernando Castro de Oliveira,
• Jeann C. da Silva,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Nelcy D. S. Mohallem and
• Rubén D. Sinisterra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1867–1876, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.215

• modulated by selecting an appropriate organic molecule with desirable functional groups in its structure. In particular, magnetic organic–inorganic hybrid materials (MHMs) have attracted considerable attention based on their multifunctional and biocompatible properties [2][5][6]. Moreover, MHMs can present

Asymmetric organocatalytic decarboxylative Mannich reaction using β-keto acids: A new protocol for the synthesis of chiral β-amino ketones

• Chunhui Jiang,
• Fangrui Zhong and
• Yixin Lu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1279–1283, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.144

• tryptophan based Trp-1 [46], as well as threonine incorporated multifunctional catalyst CD-3 [47]. However, no further improvement could be achieved (Table 1, entries 8–10). The influence of different imines on the reaction was subsequently explored, and it was found that the electronic nature of the

Stereoselective synthesis of trans-fused iridoid lactones and their identification in the parasitoid wasp Alloxysta victrix, Part II: Iridomyrmecins

• Robert Hilgraf,
• Nicole Zimmermann,
• Lutz Lehmann,
• Armin Tröger and
• Wittko Francke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1256–1264, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.141

• secretions of several alloxystine wasps [54] and their activity in intraspecific and interspecific communication has been discussed [55]. According to first bioassays, the new iridoids seem to play a multifunctional role in the tritrophic system of the aphid Sitobion avenae, its parasite, the wasp Aphidius

Organocatalytic asymmetric allylic amination of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates of isatins

• Hang Zhang,
• Shan-Jun Zhang,
• Qing-Qing Zhou,
• Lin Dong and
• Ying-Chun Chen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1241–1245, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.139

• investigation of a Lewis base catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates derived from isatins afforded an electrophilic pathway to access multifunctional oxindoles bearing a C3-quaternary stereocenter, provided with good to excellent enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee) and in high

• ][28], as outlined in Scheme 1. Thus, multifunctional chiral 3-amino-2-oxindoles could be obtained in a straightforward manner. Results and Discussion Based on the above considerations, we initially investigated the reaction of MBH carbonate 2a and a diversity of nucleophilic nitrogen sources by the

• electron-withdrawing groups exhibited a slower reaction rate, but both good yields and ee values were still obtained (Table 2, entries 5–10). As outlined in Scheme 2, some synthetic transformations were conducted with the multifunctional allylic amination product 4d. The N–O bond cleavage of 4d could be

Chiral multifunctional thiourea-phosphine catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with maleimides

• Hong-Ping Deng,
• De Wang,
• Yin Wei and
• Min Shi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1098–1104, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.121

• of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, and 130 MeiLong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China 10.3762/bjoc.8.121 Abstract We have developed a multifunctional thiourea-phosphine catalyzed asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman

• previous literature. Keywords: asymmetric [3 + 2] annulation; maleimides; Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates; multifunctional thiourea-phosphine; organocatalysis; Introduction Highly functionalized cyclopentene derivatives are important subunits in a variety of biologically active molecules and have

• effective catalysts in the [3 + 2] annulation of MBH carbonates with isatylidene malononitriles to give the desired products in high yields with high enantioselectivities [50]. Furthermore, our group recently also synthesized a series of L-phenylalanine-derived multifunctional thiourea-phosphine catalysts

Liquid-crystalline nanoparticles: Hybrid design and mesophase structures

• Gareth L. Nealon,
• Romain Greget,
• Cristina Dominguez,
• Zsuzsanna T. Nagy,
• Daniel Guillon,
• Jean-Louis Gallani and
• Bertrand Donnio

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 349–370, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.39

Synthetic approaches to multifunctional indenes

• Neus Mesquida,
• Sara López-Pérez,
• Immaculada Dinarès and
• Ermitas Alcalde

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1739–1744, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.204

• multifunctional indenes with at least two different functional groups has not yet been extensively explored. Among the plausible synthetic routes to 3,5-disubstituted indenes bearing two different functional groups, such as the [3-(aminoethyl)inden-5-yl)]amines, a reasonable pathway involves the (5-nitro-3

Novel fatty acid methyl esters from the actinomycete Micromonospora aurantiaca

• Jeroen S. Dickschat,
• Hilke Bruns and
• Ramona Riclea

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1697–1712, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.200

• of bacterial cell membranes can be tuned, e.g., by the introduction of methyl branches or olefinic double bonds [1]. The biosynthesis of FAs is a repetitive chain elongation process catalysed in animals and fungi by multifunctional megasynthases, and in plants or bacteria by a set of discrete enzymes

A rapid and efficient synthetic route to terminal arylacetylenes by tetrabutylammonium hydroxide- and methanol-catalyzed cleavage of 4-aryl-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ols

• Jie Li and
• Pengcheng Huang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 426–431, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.55

• required [22][23][24][25]. For example, multifunctional arylacetylenes 2i and 2k were prepared in 85% and 83% yields in 5 min (Table 3, entries 10 and 11), whereas they were obtained in only 38% and 11% yields in 8 h, respectively, when sodium was used in refluxing toluene (Supporting Information File 1

Tribenzotriquinacenes bearing three peripheral or bridgehead urea groups stretched into the 3-D space

• Jörg Tellenbröker and
• Dietmar Kuck

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 329–337, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.43

• [1][2][3][4][7], the attachment of multifunctional groupings at the convex surface of the TBTQ skeleton has been only scarcely examined [4]. Therefore, we subjected the previously described bridgehead triaminotribenzotriquinacene 12 [4] to the reaction with phenylisocyanate in analogy to the

Hybrid biofunctional nanostructures as stimuli-responsive catalytic systems

• Gernot U. Marten,
• Thorsten Gelbrich and
• Annette M. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 922–931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.98

• of the superparamagnetic cores in combination with the thermoresponse of the shell. These multifunctional hybrid particles are formed by surface initiated copolymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylates (labeled as MEMA (M), MEEMA (M’) and OEGMA (O)) with N-succinimidyl

• . The principle described here is applicable to the modification of other biologically or catalytically relevant groups, and will therefore open new ways for the design of multifunctional hybrid nanostructures with different property portfolios. Experimental Materials: Ammonium hydroxide aqueous

• enzymatic digestion of BAPNA catalyzed by magnetically labeled trypsin (). Proposed mechanism of catalytic activity after heating magnetic biocatalyst particles above Tc. Physical and chemical composition of investigated multifunctional core–shell nanoparticles. Acknowledgements Thanks to Prof. T. J. J

Synthesis and crystal structures of multifunctional tosylates as basis for star-shaped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s

• Richard Hoogenboom,
• Martin W. M. Fijten,
• Guido Kickelbick and
• Ulrich S. Schubert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 773–783, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.96

• of well-defined polymer architectures is of major importance for the development of complex functional materials. In this contribution, we discuss the synthesis of a range of multifunctional star-shaped tosylates as potential initiators for the living cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2

• hydrophobic; and from hard materials, with a high glass transition temperature via crystalline and chiral polymers [7], to soft materials, with a very low glass transition temperature [8][9]. The synthesis of star-shaped poly(2-oxazoline)s has been reported using a range of multifunctional electrophilic

• -pEtOx (top). b) SEC traces of TetraTos-B and star-PEtOx (in CHCl3:NEt3:2-PrOH; UV-detector at 500 nm). SEC spectrum obtained for star-pEtOx utilizing a photodiode-array detector (eluent: DMF containing 5 mM NH4PF6). General reaction scheme for the preparation of multi-tosylates from multifunctional

Poly(glycolide) multi-arm star polymers: Improved solubility via limited arm length

• Florian K. Wolf,
• Anna M. Fischer and
• Holger Frey

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 67, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.67

• which significantly exceed the molecular weight of processable oligomeric linear PGA (<1000 g/mol). This was achieved by the use of a multifunctional hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) macroinitiator and the tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of glycolide in the melt. With this

• architectures exhibit significantly altered physical properties [14][15]. This is often considered the primary motivation for the choice of this interesting polymer architecture [16]. A suitable multifunctional core molecule is required to prepare multi-arm star polymers with core–shell characteristics. Apart

• ][24][25][26] has proven to be a versatile and highly potent multifunctional core molecule [27][28][29]. Derivatization and functionalization of the peripheral hydroxy groups of this polyether-polyol have afforded a number of carrier systems [30][31][32][33][34], matching the concept outlined above. In

RAFT polymers for protein recognition

• Alan F. Tominey,
• Julia Liese,
• Sun Wei,
• Klaus Kowski,
• Thomas Schrader and
• Arno Kraft

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 66, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.66

• ]. Rotello and Thayumanavan have described amphiphilic polymer scaffolds, which nonspecifically bound to chymotrypsin, inhibited its peptidase activity and modulated substrate specificity; very high ionic strengths again released the protein from the polymer [6][7]. Protein recognition by multifunctional

New amphiphilic glycopolymers by click functionalization of random copolymers – application to the colloidal stabilisation of polymer nanoparticles and their interaction with concanavalin A lectin

• Otman Otman,
• Paul Boullanger,
• Eric Drockenmuller and
• Thierry Hamaide

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 58, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.58

• media. This approach can be easily extended to multifunctional polymer nanoparticles containing encapsulated drugs inside their core. Experimental The syntheses of 8-chloro-3,6-dioxaoctyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranoside (2) and 8-azido-3,6-dioxaoctyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranoside

Synthesis, characterization and photoinduced curing of polysulfones with (meth)acrylate functionalities

• Cemil Dizman,
• Sahin Ates,
• Lokman Torun and
• Yusuf Yagci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 56, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.56

• in detail and covered by several review articles [13][14][15]. Photopolymerization is a frequently used process for the conversion of the multifunctional monomers into insoluble networks which are effective in various industrial fields such as, films, inks, coatings; photoresists, etc. [14]. The

• range capable of inducing rapid polymerization to form insoluble networks [16]. Because of their high reactivity leading to fast polymerization [17], multifunctional (meth)acrylates are the most commonly used monomers for many applications [18][19][20][21][22]. The activity of the (meth)acrylates

Molecular recognition of organic ammonium ions in solution using synthetic receptors

• Andreas Späth and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 32, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.32

1-(4-Alkyloxybenzyl)-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium organic backbone: A versatile smectogenic moiety

• William Dobbs,
• Laurent Douce and
• Benoît Heinrich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 62, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.62

• can impart selectivity in reactions by organising reactants, as scaffolds for the synthesis of nanostructured particles [12][13][14], in dye-sensitized solar cells [15][16] or also in bio-related science [17][18]. In conclusion, this combination represents a fascinating class of new multifunctional

Functional properties of metallomesogens modulated by molecular and supramolecular exotic arrangements

• Alessandra Crispini,
• Mauro Ghedini and
• Daniela Pucci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 54, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.54

• single molecule to supramolecular network, confirming that metal coordination provides a helpful tool for obtaining multifunctional soft materials. Keywords: coordination complexes; functionality; liquid crystals; metallomesogens; Introduction Recent interest in designing novel soft and functional

• the metal ion and the counter-ion in ionic systems, has been followed. In this paper selected examples of recently synthesised multifunctional metallomesogens are highlighted, all obtained from classical and unusual nitrogen ligands and different metal centres from across the periodic table, going

• multifunctional soft materials, with higher performance than classical liquid crystals. Our interest in the synthesis of metallomesogens and their wide use in the field of material science, coupled with the fact that transition metal complexes have potential antitumor activity, led us to believe that a great

Ru-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of carboxylic acids and silanes - a new method for the preparation of silyl ester

• Guo-Bin Liu and
• Hong-Yun Zhao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 27, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.27

• ester)s were found to be an ideal family of degradable polymers [1]. Also, multifunctional silyl esters have been found to be ideal cross-linking agents since they require only mild reaction conditions, especially for silicone elastomers. The demand for degradable poly(silyl ester)s has been increasing