Fluoride-driven ‘turn on’ ESPT in the binding with a novel benzimidazole-based sensor

• Kai Liu,
• Xiaojun Zhao,
• Qingxiang Liu,
• Jianzhong Huo,
• Bolin Zhu and
• Shihua Diao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 563–567, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.61

• characteristic bands centered at 410, 276 and 228 nm in CH3CN. Among these, the band in the region around 276 and 228 nm is attributed to the excitation of π electrons localized at the C=N bond and at the aromatic system [30], and the peak at 410 nm was ascribed to the intramolecular charge transition between

Azirinium ylides from α-diazoketones and 2H-azirines on the route to 2H-1,4-oxazines: three-membered ring opening vs 1,5-cyclization

• Nikolai V. Rostovskii,
• Mikhail S. Novikov,
• Alexander F. Khlebnikov,
• Galina L. Starova and
• Margarita S. Avdontseva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 302–312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.35

• in energy, the reaction sequence 10j→13j→14j leading to [3.2.1] adduct 6j seems to be more reasonable than 10j→15j→14j due to the much higher concentrations of the reacting species. Actually, the activation barrier to the bicyclic C–N bond cleavage in 10j is very low, but the equilibrium between 10j

Cross-dehydrogenative coupling for the intermolecular C–O bond formation

• Igor B. Krylov,
• Vera A. Vil’ and
• Alexander O. Terent’ev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 92–146, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.13

• compounds [15], the Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative C–C, C–O, and C–N bond formation [3], the transition metal-catalyzed etherification of unactivated C–H bonds [19], the Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative functionalization at the allylic position of alkenes [20][21], the oxidative functionalization catalyzed by copper

Formal total syntheses of classic natural product target molecules via palladium-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation

• Yiyang Liu,
• Marc Liniger,
• Ryan M. McFadden,
• Jenny L. Roizen,
• Jacquie Malette,
• Corey M. Reeves,
• Douglas C. Behenna,
• Masaki Seto,
• Jimin Kim,
• Justin T. Mohr,
• Scott C. Virgil and
• Brian M. Stoltz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2501–2512, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.261

• groups have pursued its total synthesis [74][75][76][77], including a number of enantioselective syntheses [78][79][80][81][82]. In 2001, Magnus reported a total synthesis of rhazinilam in racemic form (Scheme 10) [83]. In their approach, the first retrosynthetic disconnection of the amide C–N bond in

Derivatives of the triaminoguanidinium ion, 3. Multiple N-functionalization of the triaminoguanidinium ion with isocyanates and isothiocyanates

• Jan Szabo,
• Kerstin Karger,
• Nicolas Bucher and
• Gerhard Maas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2255–2262, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.234

• Information File 1) reveals significant differences between the two structures. The C–N bond lengths of the guanidinium unit in 7a are equal (1.330(3)–1.333(3) Å) and indicate the full charge delocalization and partial double bond character of these bonds. In the neutral guanidine 8 this symmetry is lost; one

Exploration of C–H and N–H-bond functionalization towards 1-(1,2-diarylindol-3-yl)tetrahydroisoquinolines

• Michael Ghobrial,
• Marko D. Mihovilovic and
• Michael Schnürch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2186–2199, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.226

• wanted to use direct functionalization either via C–H activation or cross dehydrogenative coupling for C–C-bond-forming reactions avoiding the use of two prefunctionalized building blocks. Naturally, C–N-bond formation should proceed via Buchwald–Hartwig coupling. The target molecules can be considered

Chemistry of polyhalogenated nitrobutadienes, 14: Efficient synthesis of functionalized (Z)-2-allylidenethiazolidin-4-ones

• Viktor A. Zapol’skii,
• Jan C. Namyslo,
• Mimoza Gjikaj and
• Dieter E. Kaufmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1638–1644, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.170

• -substituted anilines 16–18 two atropisomers were generated. This phenomenon is due to a less hindered rotation of the C–N bond of the former anilines (Figure 1). The steric hindrance is additionally forcing by the s-cis conformation of the nitrobutadiene moiety (cf. Figure 2). A DFT calculation of the energy

On the mechanism of photocatalytic reactions with eosin Y

• Michal Majek,
• Fabiana Filace and
• Axel Jacobi von Wangelin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 981–989, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.97

• phenanthrene synthesis [19]. A solution of o-biphenyldiazonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile showed strong absorption between 400–500 nm with all light at the UV–vis edge at 400 nm being completely absorbed. This again indicates that direct photocleavage of the C–N bond might be operating. The cyclization

• Deronzier from 1984 [32]. The significant overlap of the absorption spectra of the arenediazonium salt recorded before and after the addition of eosin Y (Figure 4) suggests that direct photolysis of the C–N bond could account for the erosion of product yield in the catalytic process due to competitive

• heterolytic C–N bond cleavage toward highly reactive aryl cation species. The standard reaction conditions of many literature reports involve concentrations which are orders of magnitude higher than those suitable for absorption spectroscopy studies. This means that even very inefficient transitions (at

Addition of H-phosphonates to quinine-derived carbonyl compounds. An unexpected C9 phosphonate–phosphate rearrangement and tandem intramolecular piperidine elimination

• Łukasz Górecki,
• Artur Mucha and
• Paweł Kafarski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 883–889, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.85

• C8 resonance signal was consequently shifted from 60 ppm to approximately 120 ppm. The aromatic system remained intact. These data suggest formation of the C8=C9 double bond in a cascade process with concomitant cleavage of the C–N bond that follows the phosphonate–phosphate rearrangement (Scheme 6

Domino reactions of 2H-azirines with acylketenes from furan-2,3-diones: Competition between the formation of ortho-fused and bridged heterocyclic systems

• Alexander F. Khlebnikov,
• Mikhail S. Novikov,
• Viktoriia V. Pakalnis,
• Roman O. Iakovenko and
• Dmitry S. Yufit

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 784–793, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.74

• the formation of dihydropyrazines 11 via azirine–nitrile ylide isomerization cannot compete with reaction of azirines with acylketenes (Figure 2). Dimerization of azirine 2a via nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen lone pair of one azirine molecule on the C=N bond of another is also energetically

• unfavourable (ΔG# = 53.6 kcal·mol−1, 353 K, benzene (PCM)). In contrast to this, the nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen lone pair of azirine 2 on the C=N bond of protonated azirine 14 and consequent cyclization to dihydropyrazine 15 proceeds via quite low barriers (Figure 4). By comparison of the data

Use of activated enol ethers in the synthesis of pyrazoles: reactions with hydrazine and a study of pyrazole tautomerism

• Denisa Tarabová,
• Stanislava Šoralová,
• Martin Breza,
• Marek Fronc,
• Wolfgang Holzer and
• Viktor Milata

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 752–760, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.70

• second half of the molecule has two equivalent ester moieties and a C=N bond instead of a C=C bond leading to an sp3 hybridized C-atom (δ 54.8 ppm) between the equivalent methyl ester groups. The two different N-atoms in B have 15N chemical shifts of −48.1 ppm (C=N) and −211.7 ppm (=N–NH) (Figure 6

Chromatographically separable rotamers of an unhindered amide

• Mario Geffe,
• Lars Andernach,
• Oliver Trapp and
• Till Opatz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 701–706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.63

• conformer, a potential energy surface (PES) scan for the rotation around the C–N bond in steps of 10° was done. This scan provided two local minima as well as two maxima (Figure 5). The asymmetric peak shape is caused by the inversion of the pyramidal nitrogen between = 110° and = 120° as well as = 280

• , respectively. The geometries of the E- and Z-ground states of 4 and both transition states (TS1 and TS2) are shown in Figure 6 together with the dihedral angle O–C–N–C1 () and the C–N bond length. Both transition states show a single imaginary frequency (−280.8 cm−1 (TS1) and −364.5 cm−1 (TS2) in hexane and at

• −284.0 cm−1 (TS1) and −362.2 cm−1 (TS2) in the gas phase). This imaginary frequency belongs to the rotational vibration of the formyl hydrogen and the formyl oxygen along the reaction pathway for the E/Z isomerization of 4. In both transition states geometries, the C–N bond (143 pm) is significantly

Silver and gold-catalyzed multicomponent reactions

• Giorgio Abbiati and
• Elisabetta Rossi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 481–513, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.46

• 28, and the nucleophilic attack on the imine C=N bond could also be synchronized. The two proposed mechanisms are described in Scheme 20 and Scheme 21, respectively. The scope of these reactions has been examined with a wide range of substrates. Therefore, 2-alkynylbenzaldehydes can be functionalized

A catalyst-free multicomponent domino sequence for the diastereoselective synthesis of (E)-3-[2-arylcarbonyl-3-(arylamino)allyl]chromen-4-ones

• Pitchaimani Prasanna,
• Pethaiah Gunasekaran,
• Subbu Perumal and
• J. Carlos Menéndez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 459–465, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.43

• and in a diastereoselective transformation. This transformation generates one C–C and one C–N bond and presumably proceeds via a reaction sequence comprising a Michael-type addition–elimination reaction, a nucleophilic attack of an enamine to a carbonyl reminiscent of one of the steps of the Bayllis

• transformation occurs via a domino sequence of reactions, which generates one C–C and one C–N bond. Presumably, this transformation proceeds via a reaction sequence comprising a Michael-type addition–elimination reaction, a nucleophilic attack of an enamine to a carbonyl, and a final deoxygenation step. We

Substrate dependent reaction channels of the Wolff–Kishner reduction reaction: A theoretical study

• Shinichi Yamabe,
• Guixiang Zeng,
• Wei Guan and
• Shigeyoshi Sakaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 259–270, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.21

• , acetone and hydrazine molecules are distant. When they are close to each other, the geometry of the Me2(O=C)C....NH2–NH2 form was calculated in (ii). It is regarded as a Mulliken charge-transfer (CT) complex, because the C···N distance, 1.614 Å, is larger than the standard C–N bond length of 1.47 Å. The

Studies on the interaction of isocyanides with imines: reaction scope and mechanistic variations

• Ouldouz Ghashghaei,
• Consiglia Annamaria Manna,
• Esther Vicente-García,
• Marc Revés and
• Rodolfo Lavilla

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 12–17, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.3

• involves a sequential double isocyanide incorporation into the C=N bond. The final step is a nucleophilic 4-exo-dig cyclization, and the anti addition modes likely lead to less stable stereoisomers which spontaneously isomerize to the observed compounds. Furthermore, we have determined the scope of the

Advancements in the mechanistic understanding of the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition

• Regina Berg and
• Bernd F. Straub

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2715–2750, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.308

• as well. The C–N bond is formed concomitantly to the formation of a double bond between the copper ion and the C1 atom of the acetylide. This unusual six-membered copper(III) metallacycle then undergoes a transannular ring contraction to give the copper triazolide. The latter can be protonated to

Reaction of 2,2,4,4-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dithiethane with N-vinyl compounds

• Viacheslav A. Petrov and
• Will Marshall

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2615–2619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.295

• purified 3b was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction (Figure 1). Interestingly, the 19F and 1H NMR spectra of both compounds 3a and 3b show two sets of signals, probably being a result of restricted rotation around the C–N bond in the amide fragment, similar to restricted rotation of –N(CH3)2 in

• a significantly lower rotation barrier around the C–N bond in these two materials. The structures of both 3c and 3d were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 3b and 3e were also prepared in 56–60% yield by using a one-step process in which dimer 1 was generated by the reaction

• 3e showed only one set of signals, despite the fact that in the corresponding cyclopropane (prepared by the reaction of compound 3e with PBu3), restricted rotation around the C–N bond was observed [11]. N-vinylimidazole (4) was found to have a different reactivity profile. The reaction of 4 with 1

New developments in gold-catalyzed manipulation of inactivated alkenes

• Michel Chiarucci and
• Marco Bandini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2586–2614, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.294

• activated carbonyl compound 9 was also hypothesized (Scheme 4b). 3 Hydroamination of olefins 3.1 Mechanistic considerations Due to the ubiquity of the C–N bond in organic compounds the development of efficient catalytic systems for the hydroamination of olefins is of particular significance from a practical

An overview of the synthetic routes to the best selling drugs containing 6-membered heterocycles

• Marcus Baumann and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2265–2319, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.265

Synthesis of axially chiral gold complexes and their applications in asymmetric catalyses

• Yin-wei Sun,
• Qin Xu and
• Min Shi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2224–2232, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.261

• structures clearly revealed the presence of a weak gold–π interaction between the Au atom and the aromatic rings in these gold complexes. Because of the gold–π interaction, the C–N bond could not rotate freely, giving two diastereomeric rotamers (S)-15a and (S)-15b. Slaughter and co-workers have also found

• two rotamers in gold complexes 1 caused by the handicap of C–N bond rotation on the basis of X-ray diffraction and named them as “out” rotamer and “in” rotamer [49] (Scheme 5). Their energy barrier has been also disclosed by DFT calculations. Synthesis of the P–Au(I) complexes. The synthesis of the Au

Synthesis of enantiomerically pure N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arylamides via oxidative esterification

• Akula Raghunadh,
• Satish S More,
• T. Krishna Chaitanya,
• Yadla Sateesh Kumar,
• Suresh Babu Meruva,
• L. Vaikunta Rao and
• U. K. Syam Kumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2129–2136, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.250

• ][6] or (ii) catalytic oxidations with peroxides and chiral transition metal complexes [7][8][9]. The oxidative esterification of aldehydes involving oxidation followed by a C–O or C–N bond formation has received significant synthetic interest of late. Various transition metal complexes are employed

The chemistry of isoindole natural products

• Klaus Speck and
• Thomas Magauer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2048–2078, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.243

• . Oxidative C–C-bond formation gives the hetidine core (233) and C–N-bond formation the hetisine skeleton (234). The first total synthesis of a hetisine-type alkaloid was accomplished by Muratake and Natsume in 2004 [177]. In their seminal work, (±)-nominine (225) was synthesized within 40 steps and 0.15

The chemistry of amine radical cations produced by visible light photoredox catalysis

• Jie Hu,
• Jiang Wang,
• Theresa H. Nguyen and
• Nan Zheng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1977–2001, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.234

• 15 by abstraction of a hydrogen atom directly. The addition of the enol form of α-ketoester 59 to 15 furnishes the Mannich adduct 60. A retro-aza-Michael reaction via enol 61 allows cleavage of the C–N bond to yield secondary aniline 62. Aniline 62 is first oxidized to imine 63, which is further

True and masked three-coordinate T-shaped platinum(II) intermediates

• Manuel A. Ortuño,
• Salvador Conejero and
• Agustí Lledós

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1352–1382, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.153

• ) [126]. The suggested mechanism begins with a C–N bond rotation by chelating ligand dissociation forming species 46, which is stabilized by solvent coordination. Eventually, an agostic interaction in 47 prior to the rate-determining C–H bond cleavage should displace the solvent molecule. An oxidative