Substrate dependent reaction channels of the Wolff–Kishner reduction reaction: A theoretical study

• Shinichi Yamabe,
• Guixiang Zeng,
• Wei Guan and
• Shigeyoshi Sakaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 259–270, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.21

• (C=O → C=C, alkene) conversion reaction, the Knoevenagel condensation [12] was utilized. While the condensation is traditionally base-catalyzed, it was found to proceed readily in water even without any catalyst [13][14]. Not only can this synthesis be considered as clean (green chemistry), but also

Silica: An efficient catalyst for one-pot regioselective synthesis of dithioethers

• Samir Kundu,
• Babli Roy and
• Basudeb Basu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 26–33, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.5

• attractive features in terms of the concepts of Green chemistry. Previously, we have developed silica-promoted facile and highly selective methods for N and S-alkylations/acylation from amines or thiols, respectively [37][38]. An equimolar mixture of a benzenethiol and allyl bromide on treatment with silica

Triol-promoted activation of C–F bonds: Amination of benzylic fluorides under highly concentrated conditions mediated by 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane

• Pier Alexandre Champagne,
• Alexandre Saint-Martin,
• Mélina Drouin and
• Jean-François Paquin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2451–2456, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.283

• Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC), the FQRNT Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering (PROTEO) and the Université Laval.

Silica sulfuric acid: a reusable solid catalyst for one pot synthesis of densely substituted pyrrole-fused isocoumarins under solvent-free conditions

• Sudipta Pathak,
• Kamalesh Debnath and
• Animesh Pramanik

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2344–2353, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.269

• starting materials, and the excellent yields of products. Keywords: green chemistry; pyrrole-fused isocoumarin; reusable solid support; silica sulfuric acid; solvent-free condition; Introduction Isocoumarins are an important class of naturally occurring lactones [1][2][3], which has attracted the

• the synthesis of pyrrole-fused isocoumarins with the help of green methodology, so far. Therefore, the development of an environmentally friendly and safer reaction methodology following the green chemistry principles is essential for the synthesis of pyrrole-fused isocoumarins. The employment of a

• temperature was lower and the yields of the products were higher, the yields were still only moderate. This encouraged us to execute the optimization study in presence of a solid acid catalyst under solvent-free conditions. This is one important facet of green chemistry: the eradication of solvents in

Synthesis of enantiomerically pure N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arylamides via oxidative esterification

• Akula Raghunadh,
• Satish S More,
• T. Krishna Chaitanya,
• Yadla Sateesh Kumar,
• Suresh Babu Meruva,
• L. Vaikunta Rao and
• U. K. Syam Kumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2129–2136, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.250

• opening of chiral epoxide with an aryl or heteroaryl aldehyde by oxidative esterification. This method may prove significant from the perspective of green chemistry. The application of this methodology for the synthesis of several bicyclic frameworks and natural products is under progress, and will be

A³-Coupling catalyzed by robust Au nanoparticles covalently bonded to HS-functionalized cellulose nanocrystalline films

• Jian-Lin Huang,
• Derek G. Gray and
• Chao-Jun Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1388–1396, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.155

• reaction; cellulose nanocrystallites (CNCs) films; gold catalysis; water or without solvent; Introduction Organic synthesis is usually performed in organic solvents; however, from a green chemistry perspective, evaporation and discharge of organic solvents not only generates chemical waste but also causes

Metal-free aerobic oxidations mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide. A concise review

• Lucio Melone and
• Carlo Punta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1296–1310, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.146

• detrimental for the selectivity of the process and they would not meet the standards of “green chemistry”. An alternative catalytic route is based on the use of N-hydroxy imides (NHIs), and in particular N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), which have found ample application as ideal catalysts for the aerobic

A facile, rapid, one-pot regio/stereoselective synthesis of 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones under solvent/scavenger-free conditions

• Murugan Sathishkumar,
• Sangaraiah Nagarajan,
• Poovan Shanmugavelan,
• Murugan Dinesh and
• Alagusundaram Ponnuswamy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 689–697, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.78

• halides [16][17] or carboxylic esters [18]. These protocols are generally solution phase methods using organic solvents and acid scavengers. In the present scenario, such protocols may not be recommended by the principles of green chemistry. Consequently, the search for simple and efficient

NHC-catalysed highly selective aerobic oxidation of nonactivated aldehydes

• Lennart Möhlmann,
• Stefan Ludwig and
• Siegfried Blechert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 602–607, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.65

• -free oxidation; N-heterocyclic carbene; organocatalysis; Introduction The development of efficient and selective aerobic oxidation methods for organic substrates is of increasing interest and an attractive goal in green chemistry [1][2][3]. In a recent communication we reported on selective oxidation

• ) for example can nowadays be gained directly from the conversion of biomass and thereby became an attractive synthesis unit in modern "green" chemistry [32]. Hence, further cheap and environmentally friendly selective transformations are of great interest. However, only a few methods have been

Easy and direct conversion of tosylates and mesylates into nitroalkanes

• Alessandro Palmieri,
• Serena Gabrielli and
• Roberto Ballini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 533–536, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.58

• Alessandro Palmieri Serena Gabrielli Roberto Ballini “Green Chemistry Group”, School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy 10.3762/bjoc.9.58 Abstract Tosylates and mesylates were directly converted into the

Chemoenzymatic synthesis and biological evaluation of enantiomerically enriched 1-(β-hydroxypropyl)imidazolium- and triazolium-based ionic liquids

• Paweł Borowiecki,
• Małgorzata Milner-Krawczyk and
• Jan Plenkiewicz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 516–525, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.56

• , solvent for the ions, and medium. Most of the described optically active ILs are prepared from easily accessible natural chiral substrates [40]. The use of ILs in so-called “green chemistry”, as for example solvents in inorganic or organic syntheses or as a replacement for many hazardous and volatile

Mechanochemistry assisted asymmetric organocatalysis: A sustainable approach

• Pankaj Chauhan and
• Swapandeep Singh Chimni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2132–2141, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.240

• : ball-milling; enantioselective synthesis; mechanochemistry; organocatalysis; solvent-free; Introduction Green chemistry involves innovation in chemical research and engineering that encourages the design of processes to minimize the use and production of hazardous materials and also reduce the use of

• . Organocatalyts also provide an insight into biological catalytic processes, as a number of these catalysts work by the phenomenon of enzyme mimicry. These advantages of chiral organocatalysts also meet many of the requirements of green chemistry [27]. Recently developed, organocatalytic asymmetric

Imidazolinium and amidinium salts as Lewis acid organocatalysts

• Oksana Sereda,
• Nicole Clemens,
• Tatjana Heckel and
• René Wilhelm

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1798–1803, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.205

• electrochemical processes [1]. Several of these solvents can contribute to the research field of “green chemistry” [2]. The most common used ionic liquids are based on imidazolium cations. Next to their application in catalytic reactions [3][4][5][6], they are also capable of catalyzing reactions themselves

Organocatalytic C–H activation reactions

• Subhas Chandra Pan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1374–1384, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.159

• being one of the “key green chemistry research areas” [4][5][6]. This review describes the current “state of the art” in organocatalyzed C–H activation reactions and highlights recent advances in sp2 and sp3 C–H bond functionalization. For simplicity, iodide or hypervalent iodine-mediated metal-free C–H

Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of unprotected 3-substituted oxindoles to 1,4-naphthoquinone

• Jin-Sheng Yu,
• Feng Zhou,
• Yun-Lin Liu and
• Jian Zhou

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1360–1365, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.157

• Jin-Sheng Yu Feng Zhou Yun-Lin Liu Jian Zhou Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China 10.3762/bjoc.8.157 Abstract We reported the first example of organocatalytic

Catalyst-free and solvent-free Michael addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes by a grinding method

• Zong-Bo Xie,
• Na Wang,
• Ming-Yu Wu,
• Ting He,
• Zhang-Gao Le and
• Xiao-Qi Yu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 534–538, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.61

• Zong-Bo Xie Na Wang Ming-Yu Wu Ting He Zhang-Gao Le Xiao-Qi Yu Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064; Fax: (+86) 28-85415886; Tel: (+86) 28-85415886 School of Chemistry Biology and Material Science

• in order to meet the requirement of green chemistry. Namely, the reaction mixture was filtered through a sand core funnel containing a thin layer of silica gel and the pure product was obtained. More than half of the products could be rapidly purified in this way with similar or higher yields and

Biocatalytic hydroxylation of n-butane with in situ cofactor regeneration at low temperature and under normal pressure

• Svenja Staudt,
• Christina A. Müller,
• Jan Marienhagen,
• Christian Böing,
• Stefan Buchholz,
• Ulrich Schwaneberg and
• Harald Gröger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 186–191, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.20

• conditions, was developed. The resulting 2-butanol was obtained as the only regioisomer, at a product concentration of 0.16 g/L. Keywords: biotransformations; cofactor regeneration; green chemistry; hydroxylation; P450-monooxygenase; Introduction The (regioselective) oxidative functionalization of

Continuous-flow hydration–condensation reaction: Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones from alkynes and aldehydes by using a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst

• Magnus Rueping,
• Teerawut Bootwicha,
• Hannah Baars and
• Erli Sugiono

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.198

• reactor; green chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis, microwave; Introduction In recent years, the development of continuous-flow technologies has expanded considerably and has had a significant impact on modern organic synthetic chemistry. Continuous-flow processes offer advantages, such as operational

Efficient and selective chemical transformations under flow conditions: The combination of supported catalysts and supercritical fluids

• M. Isabel Burguete,
• Eduardo García-Verdugo and
• Santiago V. Luis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1347–1359, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.159

• -supported systems; supercritical fluids; Review Introduction An ideal synthetic process, combining the concepts of classical synthetic chemistry and those of the more recently developed green chemistry, would be one that provides complete conversions of the substrates and that would give place to high

• ]. On the other hand, the use of catalytic approaches helps fulfill the other conditions and is always favored from the point of view of green chemistry [8][9]. To facilitate the recovery and reuse of the corresponding catalysts and, simultaneously, to avoid cross-contamination of the products with the

Reductive amination with zinc powder in aqueous media

• Giovanni B. Giovenzana,
• Daniela Imperio,
• Andrea Penoni and
• Giovanni Palmisano

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1095–1099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.125

• look from the viewpoint of green chemistry reveals that few of the above cited alternatives meet the requirements for sustainable processes [21][22]. Modified borohydride reagents are efficient and their activity spans a large array of substrates, but their atom economy is far from optimal; NaBH(OAc)3

Microphotochemistry: 4,4'-Dimethoxybenzophenone mediated photodecarboxylation reactions involving phthalimides

• Oksana Shvydkiv,
• Kieran Nolan and
• Michael Oelgemöller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1055–1063, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.121

• molecules with a “flick of a switch” [1][2][3][4]. Light is furthermore considered a clean “reagent” and consequently, photochemistry has contributed extensively to the growing field of Green Chemistry [5][6][7]. It is therefore surprising that synthetic organic photochemistry has been widely neglected by

Au(I)/Au(III)-catalyzed Sonogashira-type reactions of functionalized terminal alkynes with arylboronic acids under mild conditions

• Deyun Qian and
• Junliang Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 808–812, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.92

• Deyun Qian Junliang Zhang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 N, Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062 (P. R. China) State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry

CuCl-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 2,3-allenols to 1,2-allenic ketones with 1:1 combination of phenanthroline and bipyridine as ligands

• Shuxu Gao,
• Yu Liu and
• Shengming Ma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 396–403, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.51

• Shuxu Gao Yu Liu Shengming Ma Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry

Air-stable, recyclable, and time-efficient diphenylphosphinite cellulose-supported palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions

• Qingwei Du and
• Yiqun Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 378–385, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.48

• catalyst is a very important theme from the standpoint of green chemistry and for its suitability for commercial applications. Finally, we explored the reusability of the Cell–OPPh2–Pd0 catalyst again with the reaction of 4-iodoanisole with phenylboronic acid as the model reaction. After the first run, the

Michael-type addition of azoles of broad-scale acidity to methyl acrylate

• Sławomir Boncel,
• Kinga Saletra,
• Barbara Hefczyc and
• Krzysztof Z. Walczak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 173–178, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.24

• analogues, is advantageous due to its higher regioselectivity compared to alkylation reactions using alkyl halides [16][17][18][19], alkyl sulfates [20] or oxiranes [18] under basic conditions, or alcohols over zeolites [21]. Moreover, it is usually described as a green-chemistry with an effective synthetic