Polythiophene and oligothiophene systems modified by TTF electroactive units for organic electronics

• Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
• Neil J. Findlay and
• Peter J. Skabara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1749–1766, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.191

• -type semiconductor in OFETs using two solvents for spin-coating – chloroform and chlorobenzene [93]. A bottom contact, bottom gate device configuration was used with an n-doped silicon gate and a SiO2 dielectric layer. After annealing at 120 °C, AFM imaging indicated a closely packed grain-like surface

Carboxylated dithiafulvenes and tetrathiafulvalene vinylogues: synthesis, electronic properties, and complexation with zinc ions

• Yunfei Wang and
• Yuming Zhao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 957–965, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.107

• gave a BET surface area of 148.2 m2 g−1 and an adsorption average pore diameter of 10.2 nm. The pore size distribution analysis data revealed that Zn-TTFV coordination polymer 8 carried microporosity primarily in the range of tens of nanometers. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging was performed

Terminal lipophilization of a unique DNA dodecamer by various nucleolipid headgroups: Their incorporation into artificial lipid bilayers and hydrodynamic properties

• Emma Werz and
• Helmut Rosemeyer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 913–929, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.103

• perfusion step using the Ionovation perfusion unit was followed by an incubation step. This procedure was repeated until the brightness of the bilayer stabilized. All confocal imaging and lifetime measurements were performed on a confocal laser scanning microscope (Insight Cell 3D, Evotec Technologies GmbH

• . A) Logarithmic imaging of fluorescence intensity–time decay of LONs 10–15 and the corresponding fitting curves (–). B) The residuals show some minor systematic errors (the color legend is the same as in A and C). C) Normalized logarithmic fluorescence intensity of the fitting curves. Diffusion times

Glycodendrimers: tools to explore multivalent galectin-1 interactions

• Jonathan M. Cousin and
• Mary J. Cloninger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 739–747, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.84

• acknowledge Dr. Linda Baum and Mabel Pang for providing the galectin-1, the Imaging and Chemical Analysis Laboratory at MSU for guidance with the fluorescent microscope, Dr. Candace Goodman for assistance with DLS and fluorescence microscopy, and Dr. Anna Michel for assistance with the cell-based assays. This

Synthesis of tripodal catecholates and their immobilization on zinc oxide nanoparticles

• Franziska Klitsche,
• Julian Ramcke,
• Julia Migenda,
• Andreas Hensel,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Horst Weller,
• Silvia Gross and
• Wolfgang Maison

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 678–686, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.77

• their pharmacokinetic properties [38][39]. The resulting particles show a reduced tendency towards plasma protein and tissue binding, both important factors influencing elimination and tissue distribution of biological imaging reagents. Based on our good experiences with the immobilization of tripodal

Design, synthesis and photochemical properties of the first examples of iminosugar clusters based on fluorescent cores

• Mathieu L. Lepage,
• Antoine Mirloup,
• Manon Ripoll,
• Fabien Stauffert,
• Anne Bodlenner,
• Raymond Ziessel and
• Philippe Compain

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 659–667, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.74

• adequate tailoring, including fluorescence amplification [50], and ratiometric pH reporter for imaging protein–dye conjugates in living cells [51], or display physiological binding of D-glucose [52]. The pyrene nucleus was also selected as an alternative fluorophore since it may be easily

Formulation development, stability and anticancer efficacy of core-shell cyclodextrin nanocapsules for oral chemotherapy with camptothecin

• Hale Ünal,
• Naile Öztürk and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 204–212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.22

• imaging is also a tool for justifying the results obtained from Zetasizer based on DLS measurements and it can be clearly seen that SEM photographs confirm the particle size are in nanometer range. The results of zeta potential analysis, also shown in Table 4, confirm that the anionic CD nanocapsules have

Come-back of phenanthridine and phenanthridinium derivatives in the 21st century

• Lidija-Marija Tumir,
• Marijana Radić Stojković and
• Ivo Piantanida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2930–2954, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.312

• ethidium bromide–ruthenium(II) complex also proved to be an imaging probe whose fluorescence intensity and lifetime changes substantially in the presence of RNA [85], thus supporting a strategy of phenanthridinium incorporation into the heterogenic two-chromophore system. Phenanthridines are rarely

Mono- and multilayers of molecular spoked carbazole wheels on graphite

• Stefan-S. Jester,
• A. Vikas Aggarwal,
• Daniel Kalle and
• Sigurd Höger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2783–2788, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.295

• ) supramolecular adlayers at the liquid/solid interface of TCB and HOPG. When using 1-phenyloctane, another commonly used solvent for STM measurements, we could acquire some images of the MSWs, but imaging was less stable (Supporting Information File 1). However, much better images of 2 were obtained using a third

• solvent, octanoic acid (OA), which has also previously been used for imaging MSWs [2][4]. We compared the so-obtained images of MSW 2 with its precursor 1 under similar conditions. In all images, regions covered with conjugated backbones and alkoxy side chains are observed in bright and dark colors

• conditions. Typically, 0.5 µL of a 10−5–10−6 M solution of the respective substance in OA was dropped onto a piece of freshly cleaved HOPG at elevated temperature (70–80 °C), and the sample was allowed to cool to rt prior to STM imaging. All STM measurements were performed in situ (with the tip immersed into

Self-assembled monolayers of shape-persistent macrocycles on graphite: interior design and conformational polymorphism

• Joscha Vollmeyer,
• Friederike Eberhagen,
• Sigurd Höger and
• Stefan-S. Jester

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2774–2782, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.294

• , interfere with the STM tip. However, the high flexibility, the low electric conductivity, and the low number of only two dangling alkyl chains per molecule allow a (rather) undisturbed STM imaging. In addition, the molecules are still fixed on the substrate by the remaining six adsorbed side chains and the

• ) was dropped onto a piece of freshly cleaved HOPG at elevated temperature (70 °C), and the sample was allowed to cool to rt prior to STM imaging. All STM measurements were performed in situ (with the tip immersed into the liquid) and typically completed within 30 min after the sample preparation. Bias

Synthesis and properties of novel star-shaped oligofluorene conjugated systems with BODIPY cores

• Clara Orofino-Pena,
• Diego Cortizo-Lacalle,
• Joseph Cameron,
• Muhammad T. Sajjad,
• Pavlos P. Manousiadis,
• Neil J. Findlay,
• Alexander L. Kanibolotsky,
• Dimali Amarasinghe,
• Peter J. Skabara,
• Tell Tuttle,
• Graham A. Turnbull and
• Ifor D. W. Samuel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2704–2714, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.285

• have found numerous applications as laser dyes [5][6][7], labels for biological imaging [8][9][10] and low band-gap polymers [11][12][13]. Being efficient emitters in solution, small molecule BODIPY compounds often show signs of aggregation at high concentration and in solid films [14][15], which

Linear-g-hyperbranched and cyclodextrin-based amphiphilic block copolymer as a multifunctional nanocarrier

• Yamei Zhao,
• Wei Tian,
• Guang Yang and
• Xiaodong Fan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2696–2703, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.284

• ; hyperbranched polymer; multifunctionality; polymer nanocarrier; Introduction In recent years, many nanostructured materials (such as polymeric micelles) used as pharmaceutical nanocarriers have been applied in different fields of biomedicine for controlled release, diagnostics, imaging, treatment and

Encapsulation of biocides by cyclodextrins: toward synergistic effects against pathogens

• Véronique Nardello-Rataj and
• Loïc Leclercq

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2603–2622, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.273

• complementary analytical electron microscopy based on electron spectroscopy imaging in the transmission microscope. The existence of a uniform and interacting β-CD layer covering the nanoparticles (i.e., the presence of carbon and oxygen atoms was detected in the surface) was unambiguously proved. Finally, the

Towards the sequence-specific multivalent molecular recognition of cyclodextrin oligomers

• Michael Kurlemann and
• Bart Jan Ravoo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2428–2440, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.253

• toxins or viruses and for imaging and targeted drug delivery [3]. Hydrogels which are built up by multivalent host–guest interactions and vesicles of amphiphilic host molecules have been intensively studied for their ability to function as drug delivery systems as well [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Additionally

A versatile δ-aminolevulinic acid (ΑLA)-cyclodextrin bimodal conjugate-prodrug for PDT applications with the help of intracellular chemistry

• Chrysie Aggelidou,
• Theodossis A. Theodossiou,
• Antonio Ricardo Gonçalves,
• Mariza Lampropoulou and
• Konstantina Yannakopoulou

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2414–2420, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.251

• . MCF7 cells were incubated with the colorless conjugate solution for 4 h, to allow conversion of prodrug 1 into PpIX [5][18]. Indeed, upon confocal microscopy imaging of the treated cells (λex = 568 nm), intense red fluorescence was observed (Figure 2), demonstrating that either (i) cell internalization

• mounted on microscope slides for confocal fluorescence live-cell imaging performed as described previously [21]. Intracellular fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled 1-adamantylamine was excited using the 488 nm line of an argon–krypton ion laser while the PpIX fluorescence was excited with the 568 nm line of

Expanding the scope of cyclopropene reporters for the detection of metabolically engineered glycoproteins by Diels–Alder reactions

• Anne-Katrin Späte,
• Verena F. Schart,
• Julia Häfner,
• Andrea Niederwieser,
• Thomas U. Mayer and
• Valentin Wittmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2235–2242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.232

• min–1; mobile phase: gradient of acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid (solvent A) in water with 0.1% formic acid (solvent B). Microscopy was performed using a point laser scanning confocal microscope Zeiss LSM 510 Meta equipped with a Meta detector for spectral imaging. The synthesis of 1 and 2 was

• the dark. Cells were washed twice with PBS, and DMEM was added for microscopy. A Zeiss LSM 510 Meta equipped with a 40 × 1.3 NA Plan-Neofluar oil DIC immersion objective was employed for imaging. Analysis of the obtained data was performed using Image J software version 1.45 S.2. Western blot analysis

Improving the reactivity of phenylacetylene macrocycles toward topochemical polymerization by side chains modification

• Simon Rondeau-Gagné,
• Jules Roméo Néabo,
• Maxime Daigle,
• Katy Cantin and
• Jean-François Morin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1613–1619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.167

• present any gelation properties. For SEM analysis, a gel sample was allowed to dry at room temperature on a metallic substrate to form a xerogel. Then, gold was sputtered on the sample prior to imaging. SEM images of PAM2 are shown in Figure 2. As previously observed with PAM1 and other phenylacetylene

The search for new amphiphiles: synthesis of a modular, high-throughput library

• George C. Feast,
• Thomas Lepitre,
• Xavier Mulet,
• Charlotte E. Conn,
• Oliver E. Hutt,
• G. Paul Savage and
• Calum J. Drummond

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.163

• products, to biomedical applications including MRI imaging agents [1][2][3], membrane-protein crystallisation media [4][5][6] and solubilising bioactive food additives (Figure 1) [7]. Furthermore, recent research has centred on the use of amphiphile nanoparticles for drug-delivery applications [8][9][10

Multivalent scaffolds induce galectin-3 aggregation into nanoparticles

• Candace K. Goodman,
• Mark L. Wolfenden,
• Pratima Nangia-Makker,
• Anna K. Michel,
• Avraham Raz and
• Mary J. Cloninger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1570–1577, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.162

• binding and cluster formation by a series of glycodendrimers is a central step in the development of a synthetic multivalent antagonist that can intercept and influence galectin-3-mediated cellular processes and may be of clinical value as a non-cytotoxic drug and/or be developed for cancer imaging

Bis(β-lactosyl)-[60]fullerene as novel class of glycolipids useful for the detection and the decontamination of biological toxins of the Ricinus communis family

• Hirofumi Dohi,
• Takeru Kanazawa,
• Akihiro Saito,
• Keita Sato,
• Hirotaka Uzawa,
• Yasuo Seto and
• Yoshihiro Nishida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1504–1512, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.155

• a laser excitation imaging kit. The residual ricin concentration in the bis-Lac-C60 colloidal suspension was determined by means of the calibration curve, which shows the ricin intensities at each concentration. Estimation of decontamination efficiency by using a salting-out agent: A ricin solution

An economical and safe procedure to synthesize 2-hydroxy-4-pentynoic acid: A precursor towards ‘clickable’ biodegradable polylactide

• Quanxuan Zhang,
• Hong Ren and
• Gregory L. Baker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.139

• Quanxuan Zhang Hong Ren Gregory L. Baker Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of

Tailoring of organic dyes with oxidoreductive compounds to obtain photocyclic radical generator systems exhibiting photocatalytic behavior

• Christian Ley,
• Julien Christmann,
• Ahmad Ibrahim,
• Luciano H. Di Stefano and
• Xavier Allonas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 936–947, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.92

• of this research area, the development of photoradical generators (PRG) is still a lively topic that finds applications in triggering bioactivity [1], drug or fragrance release [2][3][4], microelectronics [5], water catalysis reduction [6][7][8], and laser imaging [9]. In organic chemistry, the

A catalyst-free multicomponent domino sequence for the diastereoselective synthesis of (E)-3-[2-arylcarbonyl-3-(arylamino)allyl]chromen-4-ones

• Pitchaimani Prasanna,
• Pethaiah Gunasekaran,
• Subbu Perumal and
• J. Carlos Menéndez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 459–465, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.43

• ], antiviral [7], antihypertensive [8], anti-oxidant [9][10][11][12], HIV-inhibitory [13], anti-inflammatory [14][15], immunomodulatory [16], antithrombotic [17], and anticancer [18][19][20] activities. Furthermore, some chromone derivatives have been identified as suitable fluorophores for live cell imaging

Flow microreactor synthesis in organo-fluorine chemistry

• Hideki Amii,
• Aiichiro Nagaki and
• Jun-ichi Yoshida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2793–2802, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.314

• , electron-donating, and sterically hindered functional groups were obtained in good yields. This is an important feature of 'late-stage fluorination methodology' for efficient drug screening. [18F] is a fluorine radioisotope which acts as an important source of positrons. In the medical imaging modality

• production of PET agents with automation and ease of in-line purification is suitable for hospital use. To date, continuous flow microreactor technology has shown potential for synthesis of [18F]-radiolabeled molecular imaging probes such as [18F]FDG, [18F]fallypride, [18F]annexin, and so on, which were made

• [18F]-radiolabeled molecular imaging probes. Flow microreactor synthesis of dipeptides. Flow synthesis involving SNAr reactions. Flow synthesis of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Highly controlled formation of PFPMgBr. Selective flow synthesis of photochromic diarylethenes. Flow microreactor system for

The total synthesis of D-chalcose and its C-3 epimer

• Jun Sun,
• Song Fan,
• Zhan Wang,
• Guoning Zhang,
• Kai Bao and
• Weige Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2620–2624, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.296

• Jun Sun Song Fan Zhan Wang Guoning Zhang Kai Bao Weige Zhang Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China Center for Molecular Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School