Recent advances in synthetic approaches for bioactive cinnamic acid derivatives

• Betty A. Kustiana,
• Galuh Widiyarti and
• Teni Ernawati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1031–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.85

• in situ nitro reduction using Mn powder to afford the amide intermediate 42. The acid halide once again was applied for cinnamic acid amidation. Xiao and co-workers (2021) performed a transesterification and aminolysis of the tert-butyl ester 43 simply by using PCl3 through in situ generation of the

Cu(OTf)₂-catalyzed multicomponent reactions

• Sara Colombo,
• Camilla Loro,
• Egle M. Beccalli,
• Gianluigi Broggini and
• Marta Papis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 122–145, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.7

• was crucial for the formation of the organozinc reagent (Scheme 19) [36]. Spiro-2,3-dihydroquinazolinones 26 were formed exploiting a one-pot multicomponent reaction, using isatoic anhydride, ketones and primary amines. The isolation of the amide intermediate XXIII obtained by the copper-catalyzed

Sustainable tandem acylation/Diels–Alder reaction toward versatile tricyclic epoxyisoindole-7-carboxylic acids in renewable green solvents

• Ayhan Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1308–1319, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.114

• reaction, the acylation is followed by an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction and the amide intermediate (a sample compound has been previously isolated and fully characterized as a result of detailed studies) is in equilibrium with the final product at room temperature in polar solvents such as DMSO

Halides as versatile anions in asymmetric anion-binding organocatalysis

• Lukas Schifferer,
• Martin Stinglhamer,
• Kirandeep Kaur and
• Olga García Macheño

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2270–2286, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.145

• C1 position. Analogously to the Pictet–Spengler cyclization, the group initially speculated that the thiourea catalyst 6 interacts with the carbonyl function of the amide intermediate I and, thus, a SN2-type mechanism via hydrogen bonding catalysis was proposed. A similar bidentate carbonyl

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs): a useful access to the synthesis of benzo-fused γ-lactams

• Edorta Martínez de Marigorta,
• Jesús M. de Los Santos,
• Ana M. Ochoa de Retana,
• Javier Vicario and
• Francisco Palacios

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1065–1085, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.104

• the authors to propose that the first stage of the reaction would be the insertion of carbon monoxide into the Ar–I bond to produce aryl iodide 107, followed by the reaction with the nitrogen nucleophile to form amide intermediate 108. Finally, intramolecular Michael addition would furnish lactam unit

Fluorination of some highly functionalized cycloalkanes: chemoselectivity and substrate dependence

• Attila Márió Remete,
• Melinda Nonn,
• Santos Fustero,
• Matti Haukka,
• Ferenc Fülöp and
• Loránd Kiss

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2364–2371, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.233

• amide intermediate T17 which undergoes an intramolecular cyclization to give (±)-17 (Scheme 8). A similar aziridinium opening reaction with fluoride can be found in [38][39]. Interestingly, when changing the N-protecting group from benzoyl in (±)-14 to Cbz ((±)-18), the fluorination with Deoxofluor

Switchable highly regioselective synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)ones from o-phenylenediamines and aroylpyruvates

• Juraj Dobiaš,
• Marek Ondruš,
• Gabriela Addová and
• Andrej Boháč

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.132

• -amino group of 11e. The opposite regioisomer 17e (ANTI) was selectively prepared by reaction of the more nucleophilic m-amino group of 11e with the most reactive lactonic carbonyl group in 5-(4-chlorophenyl)furan-2,3-dione (13) through an amide intermediate 15 (Scheme 2). Abasolo et al. studied the

Regiochemistry of cyclocondensation reactions in the synthesis of polyazaheterocycles

• Patrick T. Campos,
• Leticia V. Rodrigues,
• Andrei L. Belladona,
• Caroline R. Bender,
• Juliana S. Bitencurt,
• Fernanda A. Rosa,
• Davi F. Back,
• Helio G. Bonacorso,
• Nilo Zanatta,
• Clarissa P. Frizzo and
• Marcos A. P. Martins

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 257–266, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.29

• reaction mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack on the ester carbonyl, which leads to the formation of an amide intermediate. This means that the amidine does not attack the (more reactive) ketone carbonyl as expected, which would lead to an intermediate imine. Since the more reactive center of the

• α-ketoester and acetamidine (Table 9), indicate that the first stage of pyridazinone and quinoxalinone formation also proceeds through an amide intermediate. The formation of the products 9a–f, 10c–f and 11a–e can be explained via the mechanism presented in Scheme 2, which details compound 9a

• multicomponent reaction between an α-ketoacid, a diamine such as 8d, an aldehyde, and an isonitrile Nixey et al. [32] observed an amide intermediate prior to the formation of the heterocyclic quinoxalinone. An intermediate amide was also observed by Sherman et al. [33] in the reaction between an α-ketoacid

Discovery of an inhibitor of the production of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor pyocyanin in wild-type cells

• Bernardas Morkunas,
• Balint Gal,
• Warren R. J. D. Galloway,
• James T. Hodgkinson,
• Brett M. Ibbeson,
• Yaw Sing Tan,
• Martin Welch and
• David R. Spring

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1428–1433, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.137

• protected amide intermediate is known to form; presumably upon treatment with acid the liberated ketone group is then attacked intramolecularly by the electron-rich aromatic ring system to form the bicyclic ring system. Other synthetic routes to such 4-alkylquinolin-2(1H)-one analogues involve

Direct access to pyrido/pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-9(1H)-ones through silver-mediated intramolecular alkyne hydroamination reactions

• Hengshuai Wang,
• Shengchao Jiao,
• Kerong Chen,
• Xu Zhang,
• Linxiang Zhao,
• Dan Liu,
• Yu Zhou and
• Hong Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 416–424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.47

• vacuum to give the amide intermediate. The above intermediate was then dissolved in 95% EtOH (5 mL), and solid NaOH (6.0 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated under reflux for 2 h while being monitored by TLC. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum. Water (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was

Proton transfers in the Strecker reaction revealed by DFT calculations

• Shinichi Yamabe,
• Guixiang Zeng,
• Wei Guan and
• Shigeyoshi Sakaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1765–1774, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.184

• (amino)-protonated aminonitrile which occurs with an ΔE≠ value of 34.7 kcal/mol. In the Strecker reaction, the proton transfer along the hydrogen bonds plays a crucial role. Keywords: amide intermediate; DFT calculations; hydrogen bonds; Strecker reaction; transition state; Introduction In 1850, Adolph

• deprotonation of the amino group occurs to produce an amide intermediate 13 with an exothermicity of −8.3 = [−14.3 − (−6.0)] kcal/mol; see Figure 4. In the following, the protonation of the amide nitrogen atom occurs to produce a cationic species MeC(NH2)H-C(=O)-NH3+ 14. The amide carbon in 14 is subject to the

Camera-enabled techniques for organic synthesis

• Steven V. Ley,
• Richard J. Ingham,
• Matthew O’Brien and
• Duncan L. Browne

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1051–1072, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.118

Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine- 2-carbonitrile: A key intermediate for dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors

• Santosh K. Singh,
• Narendra Manne and
• Manojit Pal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 20, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.20

• -carbonitrile was achieved. Reaction of L-proline with chloroacetyl chloride was followed by conversion of the carboxylic acid moiety of the resulting N-acylated product into the carbonitrile via the corresponding amide intermediate. The synthesized pyrrolidine derivative was utilized to prepare DPP-IV