Multicomponent reactions driving the discovery and optimization of agents targeting central nervous system pathologies

• Lucía Campos-Prieto,
• Aitor García-Rey,
• Eddy Sotelo and
• Ana Mallo-Abreu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3151–3173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.261

• new family of ferulic acid–tacrine hybrids (FATHs), using the Ugi reaction. FATHs were selected because tacrine is a well-known cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, although it is hepatotoxic, and ferulic acid is a potent antioxidant. Fourteen FATH were synthesized and tested for hepatotoxicity

• antioxidant properties and notable inhibition of Aβ1-42 self-aggregation (65.6% of inhibition). These findings suggest FATH 5a as a potential lead compound for further investigation in AD therapy. In 2016, the same group developed ferulic acid–tacrine–melatonin hybrids (FATMHs) and lipoic acid–tacrine

• = 2 were more potent. All compounds were very modest antioxidants compared to ferulic acid, showing values ranging between 0.42–1.27 TE with derivative 10a being the most potent antioxidant. The amyloid hypothesis, which states that β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates cause the onset and progression of AD, is a

Regioselective chemoenzymatic syntheses of ferulate conjugates as chromogenic substrates for feruloyl esterases

• Olga Gherbovet,
• Fernando Ferreira,
• Apolline Clément,
• Mélanie Ragon,
• Julien Durand,
• Sophie Bozonnet,
• Michael J. O'Donohue and
• Régis Fauré

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.30

• lignocellulosic matrix. Moreover, Faes are useful tools to obtain commercially relevant ferulic acid, which represents up to 3 wt % of plant the cell wall dry weight [8]. So far, the detection and characterization of Faes has mainly relied on either the use of HPLC or on UV–visible spectrophotometry, using

• ) displaying a hindered electron-withdrawing group. This led to a low target product yield (i.e., 5, 6, 8, and 9), a lower reactivity, and/or a higher hydrolysis of the vinyl ferulate into ferulic acid. Synthesis of ʟ-arabinofuranoside-free 4-nitrocatechol-1-yl–linker–ferulate chromogenic substrate 12 and

A proposed sustainability index for synthesis plans based on input provenance and output fate: application to academic and industrial synthesis plans for vanillin as a case study

• John Andraos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2346–2362, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.196

• alphabetical order along with temperature and pressure conditions for each reaction step. Table 2 summarizes the same alphabetized list showing the plan codes, starting materials used, and type of chemical process employed. Four plans involved biofermentation from ᴅ-glucose, ferulic acid, or isoeugenol [26][27

• scales that are several orders of magnitude longer than organism time scales. (4) Lignosulfonic acid liquor and sawdust were considered renewable inputs since they ultimately originate from trees. Ferulic acid and ᴅ-glucose were considered renewable inputs since they originate from sugar beet biomass [47

• indicated that biofermentation processes from ferulic acid and isoeugenol starting materials were best performers overall followed closely by percolation solvent extraction processes from whole or cut cured vanilla beans. Chemical syntheses of vanillin from lignosulfonic acid liquors or guaiacol were

Mechanochemical synthesis of graphene oxide-supported transition metal catalysts for the oxidation of isoeugenol to vanillin

• Ana Franco,
• Sudipta De,
• Alina M. Balu,
• Araceli Garcia and
• Rafael Luque

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1439–1445, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.141

• starting materials. To overcome this problem, lignin-derived monomers (such as eugenol, isoeugenol, ferulic acid etc.) have been effectively used in the past few years. However, selective and efficient production of vanillin from these feedstocks still remains an issue to replace the existing process. In

• . Recently, eugenol, isoeugenol and ferulic acid have been used as substrates for vanillin manufacturing due to their economic and commercial availability. These compounds are easily derived from lignin and have the common structural unit with that of vanillin, being potentially useful for vanillin

Synthesis of 1-indanones with a broad range of biological activity

• Marika Turek,
• Dorota Szczęsna,
• Marek Koprowski and
• Piotr Bałczewski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 451–494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.48

• -1-indanone. New 1-indanone derivatives that may be used as multi-functional drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease have been synthesized by Li et al. [8]. In this synthesis, ferulic acid (23) was hydrogenated in the presence of Pd/C catalyst to give the saturated derivative 24 and then

Synthesis and evaluation of anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activities of novel 10-undecenoic acid methyl ester based lipoconjugates of phenolic acids

• Naganna Narra,
• Shiva Shanker Kaki,
• Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad,
• Sunil Misra,
• Koude Dhevendar,
• Venkateshwarlu Kontham and
• Padmaja V. Korlipara

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 26–32, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.4

• calorimetry (DSC). The prepared compounds were also screened for their cytotoxic activity against five cell lines. It was observed that the lipoconjugates of caffeic acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, and coumaric acid displayed anticancer and anti-oxidant properties. The anticancer properties of these

• derivatives have been assessed by their IC50 inhibitory values in the proliferation of MDA-MB231, SKOV3, MCF7, DU 145 and HepG2 cancer cell lines. Keywords: anticancer; anti-oxidants; caffeic acid; coumaric acid; ferulic acid; phenolic lipids; sinapic acid; undecenoic acid; Introduction Phenolic compounds

• showed interesting activity. Experimental Materials 10-Undecenoic acid, 1,1’-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) (ABCN), hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 1-ethyl-3-(3’-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl), cysteamine hydrochloride, cinnamic acid, sinapic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid

A selective and mild glycosylation method of natural phenolic alcohols

• Mária Mastihubová and
• Monika Poláková

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 524–530, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.51

• reduced by NaBH4 at pH 7–8, which was kept constant by the continuous addition of 85% H3PO4 to avoid phenolic acetyl-group cleavage. The p-acetoxybenzyl alcohols 6a–c were isolated in 85–95% yields. p-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (7) and ferulic acid (10) are also more readily available on the market than the

• NaHCO3 instead of NaOH was used for washing. Under these conditions, the deacetylated product was formed only in traces (<5%). Regarding the reduction of acetylated ferulic acid 11, no formation of the 1,4-reduction product was observed and the double bond remained untouched. Glycosylation reactions

Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters via a chemo-enzymatic chain elongation approach by combining carboxylic acid reduction and Wittig reaction

• Yitao Duan,
• Peiyuan Yao,
• Yuncheng Du,
• Jinhui Feng,
• Qiaqing Wu and
• Dunming Zhu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2245–2251, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.243

• reduction of some carboxylic acids containing C=C or C=O double bonds, such as linoleic acid (16a), cinnamic acid (17a), ferulic acid (18a), and 3-benzoylpropionic acid (19a). These acids were reduced, with C=C or C=O double bonds remaining unaffected. However, this enzyme was less active toward 17a than

Antioxidant potential of curcumin-related compounds studied by chemiluminescence kinetics, chain-breaking efficiencies, scavenging activity (ORAC) and DFT calculations

• Adriana K. Slavova-Kazakova,
• Silvia E. Angelova,
• Timur L. Veprintsev,
• Petko Denev,
• Davide Fabbri,
• Maria Antonietta Dettori,
• Maria Kratchanova,
• Vladimir V. Naumov,
• Aleksei V. Trofimov,
• Rostislav F. Vasil’ev,
• Giovanna Delogu and
• Vessela D. Kancheva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1398–1411, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.151

• ), zingerone (3), (2Z,5E)-ethyl 2-hydroxy-6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxohexa-2,5-dienoate (4), ferulic acid (5) and their corresponding C2-symmetric dimers 6–9. Four models were applied: model 1 – chemiluminescence (CL) of a hydrocarbon substrate used for determination of the rate constants (kA) of the

• double bond allows the enol to be the predominant form. According to that, we decided to prepare biphenyl 8 and its corresponding monomer 4, both featuring a stable syn keto–enol tautomeric form in the aliphatic side chains. Large amounts of ferulic acid and the ferulic acid dimer 9 are present in

• saponified extracts of maize bran and grasses [14]. Ferulic acid and the corresponding ethyl ester protect primary neuronal cell cultures against oxidative damage [14]. The increased lipophilicity of ferulic acid ethyl ester improves the ability to cross cell membranes easier than the corresponding acid. The

Effect of cyclodextrin complexation on phenylpropanoids’ solubility and antioxidant activity

• Miriana Kfoury,
• David Landy,
• Lizette Auezova,
• Hélène Greige-Gerges and
• Sophie Fourmentin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2322–2331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.241

• hydoxycinnamic acids (p-coumaric acid (5), caffeic acid (6) and ferulic acid (7)) (Figure 1) was investigated with α-CD, β-CD, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) and a low methylated β-cyclodextrin (CRYSMEB). These PPs were selected mainly according to their

• . Isoeugenol (3), eugenol (4), caffeic acid (6) and ferulic acid (7) reacted rapidly with DPPH• while trans-anethole (1), estragole (2) and p-coumaric acid (5) had a slow kinetic behavior. These observations were consistent with the literature data [42]. Results obtained in the absence and presence of CDs, are

• presented in Figure 5. Isoeugenol (3), eugenol (4), p-coumaric acid (5), caffeic acid (6) and ferulic acid (7) presented higher antioxidant activity than trans-anethole (1) and estragole (2). It is well known that the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds such as PPs depends mainly on the degree of

Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges as drug carriers

• Francesco Trotta,
• Marco Zanetti and
• Roberta Cavalli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2091–2099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.235

• stability of the molecule. Resveratrol-loaded nanosponges were seen to enhance drug permeation in in vitro studies on porcine skin. Enhanced permeation of resveratrol was also observed by using rabbit buccal mucosa [48]. Gamma-oryzanol is a ferulic acid ester mixture, used as sunscreen in the cosmetics

Coupled chemo(enzymatic) reactions in continuous flow

• Ruslan Yuryev,
• Simon Strompen and
• Andreas Liese

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1449–1467, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.169

• continuous synthesis of the neolignan natural product grossamide (52) by a two-step chemo-enzymatic reaction cascade starting from ferulic acid (49) and tyramine (50) (Scheme 15). The synthesis was performed in a fully automated flow reactor consisting of three types of prepacked columns. The first two