Search results
Search for "regulation" in Full Text gives 142 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the cardenolide rhodexin A and its aglycone sarmentogenin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2637–2644, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.204
- Studies, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation in Complex Organisms, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life
Isoorotamide-based peptide nucleic acid nucleobases with extended linkers aimed at distal base recognition of adenosine in double helical RNA
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2513–2523, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.193
- including regulation and catalysis [1][2][3][4][5][6]. As a result, targeting ncRNA through molecular recognition would afford important tools for molecular biology and biotechnology [7]. One approach focuses on recognition of double-helical regions of RNA (dhRNA) using oligomers called triplex-forming
The high potential of methyl laurate as a recyclable competitor to conventional toxic solvents in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2389–2415, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.184
- hydrophobic effects [61]. Conversely, while the yields of cycloaddition reactions conducted in toluene and chloroform are satisfactory (Table 3), both solvents are classified as highly toxic. The European regulation regarding the 'Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals' (REACH
Conformational effects on iodide binding: a comparative study of flexible and rigid carbazole macrocyclic analogs
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2369–2375, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.181
- interplay between conformational dynamics and localized structural adaptations governing anion recognition. The findings advance the rational design of tunable, high-affinity anion receptors and deepen the understanding of conformational regulation in supramolecular systems. Keywords: anion recognition
- molecular level of the dynamic regulation mechanisms of conformations [19][20]. Although the influence of conformational dynamics on molecular recognition has been paid attention to, there is still a gap in the comparative study of flexible (PBG) and rigid (WDG) structural analogs of the same framework. In
- spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, combined with Benesi–Hildebrand equation [23] and nonlinear curve fitting [24]. The purpose of systematically exploring the difference between the two types of recognition of I− is to reveal the regulation law of conformational dynamics on the binding mechanism
Rotaxanes with integrated photoswitches: design principles, functional behavior, and emerging applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2345–2366, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.179
- dual orthogonal manipulation of the rotaxane’s conformational regulation and chiroptical switching properties. Thus, this system functions as a phototriggered chiral on–off switch in polar aprotic solvents. These types of rotaxanes hold promise for developing simple information storage materials and
Recent advances in Norrish–Yang cyclization and dicarbonyl photoredox reactions for natural product synthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2315–2333, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.177
- stereochemical inversion of the Norrish–Yang reaction. This achieved efficient construction of benzofuranone-based 4,5-spirocycles with contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers, offering a conformational regulation protocol for stereocontrol in complex polycyclic systems. 1.3 Avarane-type meroterpenoids In 2024
Pathway economy in cyclization of 1,n-enynes
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2260–2282, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.173
- regulatory role in chemical transformations, exerting kinetic modulation through solvation effects on activation barriers and reaction rates, dictating thermodynamic equilibria that govern product distribution, and enabling precise reaction pathway regulation via selective stabilization of critical
- activation barriers, while thermodynamic products dominate under elevated thermal conditions. Recent advancements have yielded novel cyclization methodologies enabling pathway control through precise temperature regulation. In 2016, the Liao group reported a temperature-regulated strategy enabling the
Research towards selective inhibition of the CLK3 kinase
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2250–2259, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.172
- -Biotech, 4 rue du Chesnay Beauregard, BP 96205, 35762 Saint Grégoire, France 10.3762/bjoc.21.172 Abstract The cdc2-like kinases (CLKs), are a family of kinases that attracted recently the interest of scientists due to their significant biological roles, in particular in the regulation of the mRNA
- ][12]. In particular, these CLKs are involved in the regulation of mRNAs splicing with important consequences especially in cancer [13]. There are four isoforms of CLKs (CLK1, CLK2, CLK3, and CLK4) whose structures have been clearly established and are available in PDB. Among the CLKs family, CLK3
Research progress on calixarene/pillararene-based controlled drug release systems
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1757–1785, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.139
- –guest complexation realizes a reversible ON-OFF-ON type pseudo-monomeric ligand-gated ion transport switch [91]. The development of these pillararene-based materials has enriched the dynamic regulation methods of supramolecular structures and provided innovative approaches for prodrug design. 2 Stimulus
Continuous-flow-enabled intensification in nitration processes: a review of technological developments and practical applications over the past decade
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1678–1699, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.132
- frequently exhibit significant flow rate deviations between programmed and actual delivery rates under high-flow conditions. This flow instability can be mitigated through a strategic thermal management of reagents (30–60 °C) or implementing back-pressure regulation (0.5–2 bar) via inert gas pressurization
- back-pressure regulation within the continuous-flow reactor system becomes essential to maintain precise pressure control and prevent solvent vaporization. Continuous-flow nitration systems can be augmented with integrated process modules including in-line separation units (work-up zone), real-time
Recent advances in controllable/divergent synthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 890–914, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.73
- control The precise regulation of product selectivity represents a fundamental challenge in transition-metal-catalyzed organic transformations, with significant implications for complex molecule synthesis. In this context, ligand-modulated divergent catalysis has emerged as a paradigm-shifting strategy
- for the time-controlled palladium-catalyzed divergent synthesis of silacycles [43]. Metal-free temperature-controlled regiodivergent borylative cyclizations of enynes [45]. Nickel-catalyzed switchable site-selective alkene hydroalkylation by temperature regulation [46]. Copper-catalyzed
Orthogonal photoswitching of heterobivalent azobenzene glycoclusters: the effect of glycoligand orientation in bacterial adhesion
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 736–748, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.57
- periphery of the FimH form the basis of the higher FimH affinity of the E isomers (as was argued in similar case [15]) (cf. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S25 and Figure S26). A possible allosteric regulation of the CRD structure [55][56], on the other hand, which might be effected by one of the
Synthesis of electrophile-tethered preQ1 analogs for covalent attachment to preQ1 RNA
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 483–489, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.35
- naturally in mRNA riboswitches in bacteria and is involved in ligand-dependent gene regulation. Therefore, this riboswitch (like others) has become an attractive target for drug design. To date, most known RNA–small molecule binders interact in a non-covalent manner. The compounds presented here are part of
Photomechanochemistry: harnessing mechanical forces to enhance photochemical reactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 458–472, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.33
- optimal temperature regulation using a fan. To overcome the challenge posed by the non-transparency of milling jars, a glass capsule was utilized. Teflon balls were employed to grind the reagents, thereby minimizing wear on the milling vessel. As a benchmark reaction, they selected the photochemical
Emerging trends in the optimization of organic synthesis through high-throughput tools and machine learning
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 10–38, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.3
- consists of a fluid delivery system, mixing tools, reactors, quenching units, pressure regulation units, and collection vessels. The fluid delivery is normally executed using either high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), a syringe, or peristaltic pumps. A passive mixing stage where the reagents are
Multicomponent reactions driving the discovery and optimization of agents targeting central nervous system pathologies
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3151–3173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.261
- various tissues, with a prominent expression in the adult brain, where it contributes to metabolic processes, aging, and epigenetic regulation. In this context, the group of Hasaninejad et al. (2017) [49] described the synthesis of spirooxindole, spiroacenaphthylene, and bisbenzo[b]pyran derivatives using
Cyclodextrin-based rotaxanes for polymer materials: challenge on simultaneous realization of inexpensive production and defined structures
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3026–3049, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.252
- considerably studied. However, in a small-molecule system, high-yield synthesis is still not so conventional except with the urea end-capping method. In the next section, the structural regulation system is explored and discussed in terms of its applicability to polymer systems. Structural control of the (poly
- such structural regulation of the rotaxane framework, NMR was deployed as a very powerful evaluation method, especially the nuclear Overhauser effect or rotating-frame Overhauser effect, which is used to analyze the spatial adjacency of the components. It provides critical data for detecting the
- wheel on the stilbene moiety was used for this system, no structural change was induced by the change in the solvent. The self-inclusion of [2]rotaxane in water was induced by the hydrophobic interaction. As shown above, various structural regulation systems were developed for CD-based rotaxane. However
N-Glycosides of indigo, indirubin, and isoindigo: blue, red, and yellow sugars and their cancerostatic activity
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2840–2869, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.240
- the signaling effects mentioned above. In fact, ROS were shown to be upstream of all proapoptotic signaling and to play a decisive role in apoptosis regulation which might lead to new strategies for the therapy of melanoma. As mentioned above, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second
Computational toolbox for the analysis of protein–glycan interactions
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2084–2107, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.180
- for humans, animals and plants, including drug design [14][15], vaccine development [15][16] and numerous other possibilities in the field of carbohydrate chemistry and biology. Notably, the regulation of the host immune response is often mediated by glycans, particularly through their recognition by
- proteins versatility places them at the core of almost every biological event, including cell–cell communication and regulation of immune responses. In the majority of cases, these mechanisms are significantly influenced by the molecular interactions occurring between glycans and receptor proteins. A well
The Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction in its maturity: innovation and improvements since its 21st birthday (2019–2023)
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1839–1879, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.162
Chemical and biosynthetic potential of Penicillium shentong XL-F41
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 597–606, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.52
- clusters (BGCs), several methods can be utilized, for instance, epigenetic regulation, co-culture, precursor feeding, heterologous expression, and changing fermentation parameters [11][12][13][14]. In the present study, we focused on a newly identified Penicillium strain, Penicillium shentong XL-F41. To
Switchable molecular tweezers: design and applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 504–539, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.45
- proximity, either by direct interaction or via a small intercalating molecule. Therefore, switchable molecular tweezers can be considered a prototype of a mechanical molecular device capable of allosteric regulation and dual control through switching and guest binding. While the primary application of
- . Vives and co-workers reported bis(platinum–salphen)terpyridine tweezers 20 that can intercalate in the U form extended aromatic guests such as coronene and perylene [52]. The opening of the tweezers with the addition of Zn2+ released the guest demonstrating an example of negative allosteric regulation
- fullerene complexation in the cavity, thus enabling an allosteric regulation of the complexation properties of the system by a Pd(II) stimulus. An example of direct utilization of the rotation around the single bond of the bipyridine unit was reported by Caltagirone and co-workers in tweezers 29 (Figure 16a
Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 379–426, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.36
Elucidating the glycan-binding specificity and structure of Cucumis melo agglutinin, a new R-type lectin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 306–320, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.31
- biology, and biomedicine. These carbohydrate-binding proteins boast a range of functions, acting as recognition modules in cell–molecule and cell–cell interactions, thereby playing vital roles in immune defense, regulation of growth, and apoptosis [1]. In plants, they serve as essential components in
Studying specificity in protein–glycosaminoglycan recognition with umbrella sampling
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1933–1946, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.144
- regulation of cell growth, proliferation and promotion of cell adhesion, anticoagulation, and wound repair [6][7][8][9]. All these processes are mediated through their direct interactions with diverse protein targets such as collagens, chemokines [10][11], and growth factors [12][13][14], which makes them
Other Beilstein-Institut Open Science Activities
