Oxetanes: formation, reactivity and total syntheses of natural products

• Peter Gabko,
• Martin Kalník and
• Maroš Bella

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1324–1373, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.101

Halides as versatile anions in asymmetric anion-binding organocatalysis

• Lukas Schifferer,
• Martin Stinglhamer,
• Kirandeep Kaur and
• Olga García Macheño

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2270–2286, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.145

• ion pair with the chloride of the N-acyl(iso)quinolinium intermediate II. Hence, the reaction would follow a SN1-type mechanism via anion-binding catalysis. In Jacobsen’s report, the acylating agent 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate (TrocCl) and nucleophilic silyl ketene acetals were employed to

• ][75][76]. For this purpose, based on their initial findings in 2008 [38], the enantioselective addition of silyl ketene acetals to racemic 1-chloroisochromane (73) was more closely examined (Scheme 16) [73][74][75][76]. In this type of reaction, thiourea catalyst 76 actively engages in the ionization

• enantioselectivity, but the catalyst itself accommodates the anion by adopting a helical conformation upon complexation (Scheme 18a) [84][85][86]. Initial studies proved these systems highly effective for the enantioselective Reissert reaction of quinolines with silyl ketene acetals [22], which could be later

Why do thioureas and squaramides slow down the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement?

• Dominika Krištofíková,
• Juraj Filo,
• Mária Mečiarová and
• Radovan Šebesta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2948–2957, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.290

• Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia 10.3762/bjoc.15.290 Abstract A range of chiral hydrogen-bond-donating organocatalysts was tested in the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of silyl ketene acetals. None of these organocatalysts was able to impart any enantioselectivity on the

• hydrogen-donating organocatalysts and kinetic experiments suggest that the catalysts bind stronger to the starting silyl ketene acetals than to transition structures thus leading to inefficient rearrangement reactions. Keywords: DFT calculations; green solvents; H-bonding catalysts; Ireland–Claisen

• rearrangement; silyl ketene acetals; Introduction The Ireland–Claisen rearrangement is a reaction converting allyl esters to γ,δ-unsaturated carboxylic acids. Its key step is a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of a silyl ketene acetal, which is generated in situ by deprotonation of an allyl ester using a strong

Sigmatropic rearrangements of cyclopropenylcarbinol derivatives. Access to diversely substituted alkylidenecyclopropanes

• Guillaume Ernouf,
• Jean-Louis Brayer,
• Christophe Meyer and
• Janine Cossy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 333–350, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.29

• to access functionalized alkylidenecyclopropanes, with creation of a new carbon–carbon bond on the three-membered ring with the control of two contiguous stereocenters. Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of cyclopropenylcarbinyl esters The Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of silyl ketene acetals generated

• –Claisen rearrangement of N,N-diBoc glycinates 67a and 67b was explored. The reaction conditions were essentially the same as those described previously with glycolates 56a–l except that LiHMDS was used as the base in the enolization step [69]. The (Z)-silyl ketene acetals 68a and 68b were generated, in

• ketene acetals of (Z)-configuration 57a–l, arising from O-silylation of the corresponding chelated potassium enolates [60], underwent an efficient [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement upon warming to room temperature. After an acidic work-up and treatment of the crude carboxylic acids with

Silanediol versus chlorosilanol: hydrolyses and hydrogen-bonding catalyses with fenchole-based silanes

• Falco Fox,
• Jörg M. Neudörfl and
• Bernd Goldfuss

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 167–186, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.17

• )–2.05(2) Å) than with chlorosilanol 8 (OH···2.16(0) Å). Due to its two hydroxy units, the silanediol 9 shows higher catalytic activity as hydrogen bond donor than chlorosilanol 8, e.g., C–C coupling N-acyl Mannich reaction of silyl ketene acetals 11 with N-acylisoquinolinium ions (up to 85% yield and 12

• % ee), reaction of 1-chloroisochroman (18) and silyl ketene acetals 11 (up to 85% yield and 5% ee), reaction of chromen-4-one (20) and silyl ketene acetals 11 (up to 98% yield and 4% ee). Keywords: hydrogen bonds; hydrolysis; ion pairs; organocatalysis; silanediol; Introduction Silanediols are

• ion catalyses The N-acyl Mannich reaction of isochinolin (16), which is activated with 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl chloride (17, TrocCl) to carbamate 10, and different silyl ketene acetals 11a–d yielding product 12 (Scheme 6) [45][47], is studied. Mattson et al. proposed a mechanism where the

Recent advances in synthetic approaches for medicinal chemistry of C-nucleosides

• Kartik Temburnikar and
• Katherine L. Seley-Radtke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 772–785, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.65

• condensation of alkyl-substituted silyl ketene acetals (32) with enantioenriched α-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-β-benzyloxypropionaldehyde (33) in presence of TiCl2(OiPr)2 to give the β-hydroxyester 34 that is diastereomerically enriched [75][95]. Reductive cleavage of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl (TMP

• ) group by Zn and trifloroacetic acid results in cyclization and formation of the C2'- substituted ribonolactone (35). TiCl2(OiPr)2 has been identified as the optimal Lewis acid for the synthesis of most ribonolactones with the exception of unsubstituted silyl ketene acetals (R = R' = H) that leads to

New approaches to organocatalysis based on C–H and C–X bonding for electrophilic substrate activation

• Pavel Nagorny and
• Zhankui Sun

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2834–2848, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.283

• -workers reported the use of N-alkylated 3,5-di(carbomethoxy)pyridinium ions L13 to catalyze the reaction between 1-chloroisochroman and silyl ketene acetals (Scheme 10A). Catalyst L13 with R3 = C6F5 was found to be particularly active, and was found to efficiently form the product at 2 mol % loading

• -workers [52]. (A) Alkylpyridinium catalysts L13-catalyzed reaction of 1-isochroman and silyl ketene acetals by Berkessel and co-workers. (B) Evidence of L13 C–H···X– hydrogen bonding in solid state [55]. Mixed N–H/C–H two hydrogen bond donors L14 and L15 as organocatalysts for ROP of lactide by Bibal and

Synthesis of the B-seco limonoid core scaffold

• Hanna Bruss,
• Hannah Schuster,
• Rémi Martinez,
• Markus Kaiser,
• Andrey P. Antonchick and
• Herbert Waldmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 194–208, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.15

• treatment did again lead to formation of enone 90. We assume that the additional substituents as well as the intermediary formed TMS ether cause excessive steric bulk and rigidity that prevent the silyl ketene acetals from adopting the required conformation. Hence, we considered enone 90 as an alternative

Fused bicyclic piperidines and dihydropyridines by dearomatising cyclisation of the enolates of nicotinyl-substituted esters and ketones

• Heloise Brice,
• Jonathan Clayden and
• Stuart D. Hamilton

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 22, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.22

• chloroformate to activate the pyridine without competing attack by the enolate. Next we extended the reaction to the cyclisation of a δ-nicotinyl butyrate ester 12 encouraged by the observations of Onaka [47], who demonstrated that silyl ketene acetals can be added (in an intermolecular fashion) to electron