Applications of microscopy and small angle scattering techniques for the characterisation of supramolecular gels

• Connor R. M. MacDonald and
• Emily R. Draper

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2608–2634, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.220

• signal which generates a deflection image. The height image can be used to quantify the height and thickness of surface features, while the deflection image can probe fine surface details [24]. To effectively characterise soft materials, the minimisation of surface forces is essential. This fact made

• tapping-mode AFM, wherein the cantilever oscillated vertically to reduce the tip–sample contact, a revolutionary method for the characterisation of soft materials [25]. As well as probing the height of the surface, the phase-imaging afforded by the tapping-mode AFM can probe the viscoelastic properties

Photochromic derivatives of indigo: historical overview of development, challenges and applications

• Gökhan Kaplan,
• Zeynel Seferoğlu and
• Daria V. Berdnikova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 228–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.23

• soft materials. A possibility to apply photochromic mono-arylated indigo derivatives as water sensors with high sensitivity was demonstrated by Dube and co-workers in 2018 [66]. The detection principle relied on a remarkable acceleration (up to 300 times) of the thermal Z–E relaxation of compound 20b

Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing

• Luke O. Jones,
• Leah Williams,
• Tasmin Boam,
• Martin Kalmet,
• Chidubem Oguike and
• Fiona L. Hatton

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2553–2569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.171

• . Furthermore, a response to pH can be utilised to release the therapeutic agent at a site of specific acidity, thus ensuring targeted delivery. Poly(acrylic acid)-based cryogels have been investigated as a pH oscillator in oscillatory bromate-sulphite-ferrocyanide reactions as potential soft materials for

Photoinduced post-modification of graphitic carbon nitride-embedded hydrogels: synthesis of 'hydrophobic hydrogels' and pore substructuring

• Cansu Esen and
• Baris Kumru

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1323–1334, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.92

• manufacture functional soft materials will be of high interest in near future by the means of catalysis and agricultural delivery. Keywords: hydrophobic hydrogel; photoactive hydrogels; photomodification; pore modification; soft materials; Introduction Popularity of hydrogels arises from their structural

• ][10][11][12]. The potential of hydrogels is beyond biomaterials, currently these aqueous soft materials are prime candidates in agricultural delivery systems as well [13][14]. In the era of sustainability, utilization of sunlight is of great importance [15]. Metal-containing and mostly toxic and non

Enzyme-instructed morphological transition of the supramolecular assemblies of branched peptides

• Dongsik Yang,
• Hongjian He and
• Bing Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2709–2718, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.221

• specific protease, and thus providing a useful molecular platform for exploring the applications of enzyme-instructed self-assembly for soft materials. A) The molecular structures of the branched peptides Nap-ffk(NH2-DEDDDLLIG)y (1) and Nap-ffk(AcNH-DEDDDLLIG)y (2) for the enzymatic morphological

A chiral self-sorting photoresponsive coordination cage based on overcrowded alkenes

• Constantin Stuckhardt,
• Diederik Roke,
• Wojciech Danowski,
• Edwin Otten,
• Sander J. Wezenberg and
• Ben L. Feringa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2767–2773, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.268

• rotation upon irradiation with light [38][39][40]. Moreover, they can be used as chiroptical multistate switches to control various functions in areas such as catalysis [41][42][43], soft materials [43][44][45] and supramolecular chemistry [46][47]. Employing molecular motors as ligands in SCCs provides an

Synthesis of a tyrosinase inhibitor by consecutive ethenolysis and cross-metathesis of crude cashew nutshell liquid

• Jacqueline Pollini,
• Valentina Bragoni and
• Lukas J. Gooßen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2737–2744, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.252

• properties and industrial applications, for instance in surfactants, plasticizers, resins, soft materials and diverse medical applications [7]. Isolated via cold-press or solvent extraction processes, it contains predominantly anacardic acid (1). Upon distillation or any other thermal treatment, anacardic

Synthesis and evaluation of the biostability and cell compatibility of novel conjugates of nucleobase, peptidic epitope, and saccharide

• Dan Yuan,
• Xuewen Du,
• Junfeng Shi,
• Ning Zhou,
• Abdulgader Ahmed Baoum,
• Khalid Omar Al Footy,
• Khadija Omar Badahdah and
• Bing Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1352–1359, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.145

• stable hydrogel, which increases the biostability of 8. Meanwhile, 5, 8, and their mixture show excellent cell compatibility, which is a basic requirement for multi-application in vivo (e.g., wound healing [45]). This work provides a new approach to develop biocompatible soft materials. Experimental

Synthesis of photoresponsive cholesterol-based azobenzene organogels: dependence on different spacer lengths

• Yuchun Ren,
• Bin Wang and
• Xiuqing Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1089–1095, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.122

• can bring about new predictable gelation abilities for the construction of novel cholesterol-based gelators. Azobenzene is one of the smartest molecules among all known photochromic compounds because of its E/Z isomerization [18]. Based on this, photomechanical soft materials containing azobenzene

Self-assembly of 2,3-dihydroxycholestane steroids into supramolecular organogels as a soft template for the in-situ generation of silicate nanomaterials

• Valeria C. Edelsztein,
• Andrea S. Mac Cormack,
• Matías Ciarlantini and
• Pablo H. Di Chenna

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.213

• .9.213 Abstract Supramolecular gels are an important and interesting class of soft materials that show great potential for many applications. Most of them have been discovered serendipitously, and understanding the supramolecular self-assembly that leads to the formation of the gel superstructure is the

Supramolecular hydrogels formed from poly(viologen) cross-linked with cyclodextrin dimers and their physical properties

• Yoshinori Takashima,
• Yang Yuting,
• Miyuki Otsubo,
• Hiroyasu Yamaguchi and
• Akira Harada

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1594–1600, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.182

• of functional soft materials has attracted much attention due to the numerous practical applications [1][2][3]. Typically, soft materials fall into one of two types of gels: physical gels and chemical gels [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Recently, topological cross-linked polyrotaxanes have been identified as

Synthesis and self-assembly of 1-deoxyglucose derivatives as low molecular weight organogelators

• Guijun Wang,
• Hao Yang,
• Sherwin Cheuk and
• Sherman Coleman

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 234–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.31

• are an important class of molecules. The supramolecular gels formed by carbohydrate derived low molecular weight gelators are interesting soft materials that show great potential for many applications. Previously, we have synthesized a series of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside derivatives

• into 3-dimensional networks. The resulting gels may find applications as soft materials for drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, scaffolds for tissue engineering, etc. [10][11][12][13][14]. The structures of LMWGs span a diverse range; carbohydrates have frequently been used in the synthesis of LMWGs

• because they are naturally abundant and possess multiple chiral centers that can be selectively functionalized [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Sugar-based supramolecular hydrogels are being explored as biocompatible soft materials and as

Pyridinium based amphiphilic hydrogelators as potential antibacterial agents

• Sayanti Brahmachari,
• Sisir Debnath,
• Sounak Dutta and
• Prasanta Kumar Das

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 859–868, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.101

• ; hydrogel; pyridinium; self-assembly; Introduction Gels are an outstanding group of soft materials lying at the interface of solid and liquid, and find numerous applications in various fields including tissue engineering, biosensors, food processing, cosmetics, photography, controlled drug delivery etc. [1

Synthesis and crystal structures of multifunctional tosylates as basis for star-shaped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s

• Richard Hoogenboom,
• Martin W. M. Fijten,
• Guido Kickelbick and
• Ulrich S. Schubert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 773–783, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.96

• hydrophobic; and from hard materials, with a high glass transition temperature via crystalline and chiral polymers [7], to soft materials, with a very low glass transition temperature [8][9]. The synthesis of star-shaped poly(2-oxazoline)s has been reported using a range of multifunctional electrophilic

Novel multi-responsive P2VP-block-PNIPAAm block copolymers via nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization

• Cathrin Corten,
• Katja Kretschmer and
• Dirk Kuckling

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.89

• radical polymerization (CRP), based on the idea of reversible chain termination, decreases the disadvantage of the free radical polymerization and permits the synthesis of defined block copolymer structures [13]. The growing demand for well-defined and functional soft materials in nanoscale applications

Symmetry breaking and structure of a mixture of nematic liquid crystals and anisotropic nanoparticles

• Marjan Krasna,
• Matej Cvetko and
• Milan Ambrožič

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 74, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.74

• are cases where the host component is a soft material [6]. These materials can then exhibit relatively strong responses, even to local low-energy excitations. Typical representatives of soft materials, with great application potential, are various liquid crystals phases [6]. Their soft character is

Functional properties of metallomesogens modulated by molecular and supramolecular exotic arrangements

• Alessandra Crispini,
• Mauro Ghedini and
• Daniela Pucci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 54, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.54

• single molecule to supramolecular network, confirming that metal coordination provides a helpful tool for obtaining multifunctional soft materials. Keywords: coordination complexes; functionality; liquid crystals; metallomesogens; Introduction Recent interest in designing novel soft and functional

• multifunctional soft materials, with higher performance than classical liquid crystals. Our interest in the synthesis of metallomesogens and their wide use in the field of material science, coupled with the fact that transition metal complexes have potential antitumor activity, led us to believe that a great

• soft materials with non-conventional structures. Platinum(II) and Zinc(II) For the less explored Pt(II) and Zn(II) metal centres versatile 2,2′-bipyridines have been selected since they are well-known building blocks for the formation of inorganic functional nanomaterials [51]. The complexation of non

Novel banana-discotic hybrid architectures

• Hari Krishna Bisoyi,
• H. T. Srinivasa and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 52, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.52

• crystalline property probably because of the incompatibility of the bent-core with the discotic core. Keywords: bent-core; dimer; discotic; triphenylene; Introduction Liquid crystals are unique functional self-organized soft materials which possess order and dynamics. Recently, banana liquid crystals or

Themed series in organo- fluorine chemistry

• David O'Hagan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 11, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.11

• ]. Organo-fluorine compounds have also found a significant role in soft materials chemistry such as liquid crystals, photoresist polymers and self assembling monolayers [3]. Allied to this breadth of activity is a steady development in the number and range of fluorination reagents and methodologies. DAST