Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• . The surface morphology of the original substances and the PBS/CNTs nanocomposites was studied using SEM (Figure 1). In Figure 1a, the typical surface structure of PBS is visible. CNTs appear as agglomerates ranging from 500 nm to 200 μm, composed of woven nanotubes with an outer diameter of 14 to 28

• nm and a length of up to 40 μm (Figure 1b). The microstructure of PBS/CNT_10 (Figure 1c) and PBS/CNT_0.5 (Figure 1d) samples is quite similar. In the SEM images of both samples, small white inclusions (nanotubes) ranging from 24 to 200 nm in size are evenly distributed over the surface. On the

• film sample made of original PBS (denoted PBS) was also prepared. A schematic diagram of the two-stage process for obtaining the nanocomposite and the film based on it is shown in Figure 8. Characterizations A scanning electron microscope (SEM), Hitachi SU8010 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), was used to

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• –sample interaction, often leading to an underestimation of mitochondrial apparent height due to applied cantilever pressure [22][25]. Similarly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) offers high-resolution imaging but requires mitochondria to be chemically fixed, stained, and sectioned, which precludes the

• membrane fluctuations; S6: SEM measurements of the polystyrene microspheres; S7: Details of the imaging dishes and SICM setup; S8: SEM measurements and other details of the nanopipettes; S9: Further information about the hopping mode at our SICM setup. Supporting Information File 4: Additional experimental

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• storage. The size distribution, morphology, and crystallinity of PG-CDs-AgNPs were further characterized by SEM and TEM analysis. The SEM image of PG-CDs-AgNPs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2a) reveals that PG-CDs-AgNPs possess spherical and distorted spherical structure. Supporting Information

• Information Supporting Information File 2: Experimental procedures including materials details and characterizations; Schematic representation; BET isotherm and pore size distribution plot; SEM, EDX, and elemental mapping of PG-CDs-AgNPs; ASC device fabrication method; Table for the comparison of cyclic

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• and 6.50 mA using an Al Kα. The morphologies and elemental analyses of rGO and the NCs were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi, S-4800). The structural analysis of these fabricated NCs was examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, FEI Tecnai G2

• exfoliation of graphene sheets. On the other hand, the SEM micrograph of GVF demonstrates the dispersion of the nanorods of VO2 and NPs on Fe2O3 on the graphene surface (Figure 4c,d). It is important to note that the morphological analysis of GVF displays a porous nature, which is also favorable for

• demonstrating improved magnetic characteristics due to alterations in the electronic structure. To further comprehend the elemental composition of GVF, the elemental analysis was also performed, and the corresponding elemental distribution and EDX spectrum are shown in Figure 5a,b. The SEM image displays a wide

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• of the ion beam is specified as ranging from 10 to 159 nm, changing with acceleration voltage (5, 8, 16, and 30 kV) and ion beam current. The actual thickness of each layer was measured with a standard cross section using the Ga+ FIB. All scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken with the

• . All deposition parameters are shown in Table 1. To calculate the resistivity of the deposits, the NanoLab 650 dual beam system was used to determine the length and the cross section of each deposited layer. The TEM lamellas were prepared with a JEOL JIB 4601F FIB-SEM MultiBeam system. The sample

• layers, which have a length of 40 μm and a width 1 μm, were deposited across the boundary between the bare Si and the Si with its native oxide intact. A visual inspection with the SEM reveals surface bubbles on layers deposited at 2 and 5 kV (as shown in Figure 1a). No significant differences can be seen

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• and a wider size distribution. Results and Discussions Figure 1 shows plan-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of nanopores fabricated in thermal (Figure 1a) and PECVD (Figure 1b) SiO2 by etching ion tracks produced with 1.6 GeV Au ion irradiation (see Experimental and Theory section for

• values result from challenges in precisely defining nanopore boundaries due to charging effects during SEM imaging (see Figure 1). To address this, four cross-sectional measurements were taken across each pore and averaged. The standard deviation of these measurements provides the reported uncertainty

• values. Although only three pores are shown, they illustrate the larger size variation in PECVD SiO2 compared to the uniform pore size in thermal SiO2. From SEM measurements, the standard deviation in the pore radius was measured to be ≈1.8 nm for thermal SiO2 but ≈8 nm for PECVD SiO2. The reader must

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• . Additionally, angle-resolved NEXAFS spectra of annealed Ni-coated SCD were measured to reveal the orientation of the formed graphitic layers. After synchrotron measurements, the samples were exposed to air and further analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained

• (110) and (111) crystallographic planes on the surface of the PCD film (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1b). The mapping did not show regions with the (100) orientation, although cubic faces are visible in the SEM images. The signal from these faces is probably weakened due to the tilt of the

• the vacuum chamber for further SEM and Raman analysis under ambient conditions. Figure 4 shows SEM images of some large crystallites of about 100 μm in size on the surfaces of the annealed PCD and Ni-PCD. These crystallites have well-defined triangular (111) faces and truncated rectangular faces

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• . The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the surface of raw MoS2 film, hydrogen-annealed film, and PyC film are compared in Figure 1b,c,e. The raw MoS2 film covers the entire area of the substrate and contains polysulfide nanoparticles on the surface (Figure 1b). These nanoparticles are absent

• molybdenum layer sputtered for 90 s. Part of the film surface was covered with a protective Pt layer and a lamella was cut using a focused ion beam (FIB) system (see the Experimental section for details). Figure 1d shows the SEM image of the cross section of the lamella. The bright round spots on the film

• different sizes formed during CVD synthesis (Figure 1b). The thickness of the MoS2 film estimated from the cross-sectional SEM image is about 33 nm (Figure 1d). Therefore, it can be estimated that the MoS2 film obtained using a molybdenum layer sputtered for 10 s has a thickness of no more than 4 nm. The

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• and metal oxide phases, offering a potential for HER. These outcomes indicated the successful Ni/NiO thin film fabrication on SS substrates. The uniformity of the electrocatalyst material is a vital factor that has a direct effect on electrode performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was

• /SS-10 electrode for alkaline water electrolysis. To explain the high HER efficiency of the Ni/NiO/SS-10 electrode, we analyzed SEM and EDX after the stability test (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5). It is noted that there is no significant change in the morphological structure and elemental

• . Materials characterization The crystal structure of materials was confirmed by XRD using Cu Kα radiation with a wavelength of 0.154 nm on a X-ray diffractometer (D8 Advance, Bruker). The morphology of the obtained products was analyzed utilizing SEM on an S-4800 Hitachi. Chemical components and element

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• ground, polished, and analyzed by SEM (JEOL JSM-7600 F, Japan). The chemical composition was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) with an Oxford Inca spectrometer. The crystal structure of bulk CCAs was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a DRON-4–07 diffractometer with

• diffractograms. EDX data was processed using AZtec software. Results and Discussion Microstructural characterization of bulk CCAs The SEM images and EDX elemental maps of the polished surface of the Ge-based CCA (Figure 2a) revealed a homogeneous microstructure, with no significant elemental segregation on the

• by XRD peaks. The microsegregation of Mn can be due to a phenomenon consistent with observations in other CCAs, often attributed to the elastic strain energy [58] or due to the presence of oxygen on the surface forming MnO [59]. As expected, the SEM images and EDX elemental mapping of the polished Al

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• GO-SG-ZH powder. The graphene-based nanocomposites in hydrogel form and in powder form were comparatively characterized using moisture analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and aqueous dispersibility. Brush coating of graphene oxide–nanosilica–zinc

• microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed using a JSM-IT200 system (JEOL). Samples were coated with Pt before the SEM-EDS analysis. X-ray diffraction was performed on a D8 Advance instrument (Bruker). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was characterized with a FT/IR-6600

• graphene-based nanosheets adhere to the substrate through electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interaction (Figure 2d). Experimentally, GO nanosheets, SG, nanoparticles, and SG-ZH nanoparticles were synthesized and separately characterized as exhibited in SEM images in Figure 3a–c

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• nanocolloid in this work. The optical properties of nanocolloids and their thin films were evaluated using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. The nanoparticle characterization and surface morphology were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the

• SEM analysis of pyrite thin films was performed using a Hitachi Model SU 8020. The NPs were deposited on carbon-coated copper grids for TEM analysis and on silicon substrates for SEM analysis. Using monochromatic Al Kα radiation with an energy of 1486.68 eV, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

• ) images but a combination of spherical and long rod-like particles are clearly seen in the SEM analysis. The rod-shaped particles highlighted in the SEM images are seen randomly distributed across some regions. On the other hand, most of the particles are spherical, which is consistent with what is

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• information about the iron release process from such microcapsules based on changes in physical properties. In order to carry out this study, a multi-technique analysis of undissolved and dissolved compounds was performed, including microstructure studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and

• . This unknown quantity of core–shell nanoparticles is encapsulated within a Ca alginate coating. SEM and TEM studies were conducted to compare the postulated structure of the microcapsule with its actual image. Figure 2 shows representative SEM micrographs of the FS0 sample. The observed grains exhibit

• microcapsules. The resolution of the SEM technique is insufficient to recognize iron sucrose nanoparticles. Therefore, it is impossible to determine whether calcium alginate uniformly covers all iron sucrose nanoparticles or if some nanoparticles are on the microcapsule surface. Furthermore, it remains unclear

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• concentration of 60 mg·L–1 at pH 6–7, reaching equilibrium after 12 h. The surface characteristics and structural properties of PGC were determined using various material characterization techniques, including FTIR, SEM, EDX, and BET. Verification experiments under optimal conditions confirmed that the

• will be applied in the synthesis of an adsorbent for TC removal from water. Material characterization FE-SEM and FTIR results Figure 2 presents comparative field-emission SEM (FE-SEM) images and FTIR spectra of commercial CMC and PGC. Notably, the FE-SEM analysis of PGC (Figure 2d–f) reveals

• the lateral bonding effect of GA and PVA, as well as the dissolution of cellulose by Zn2+. The rough, wrinkled surface and cracks are likely due to the focused high-energy electron beam during the FE-SEM imaging process [22]. Larger agglomerates, possibly ZnSO4 residues, are also apparent, which

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• , the number-weighted particle density distribution was used. The corresponding results are shown in Figure 3 for curcumin and in Figure 4 for CBD. The exemplary SEM images of curcumin in Figure 3A of the starting material and Figure 3B of the laser-treated product qualitatively indicate a recognizable

• experiments of IrO2 [14], is not ruled out, but these cannot be detected with the measurement methods used for organic materials. The number-weighted particle size distribution determined via SEM in Figure 3C at the example of 0.1 wt % curcumin shows that the initially polydisperse, bimodal distribution with

• supernatant characterization. Analogously to Figure 3, Figure 4A and Figure 4B show, the CBD educt and the corresponding fragmented sample after LP1, respectively. The SEM images post-LFL indicate the presence of SMPs <1000 nm, which were not found in the educt samples. Since the CBD educt particles are one

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• spectra for Cr0.78Ti0.36Se2 collected from the “red” and “blue” regions (panel a)). SEM images (g), h)) of the as-grown (Fe,Ni)0.25TiSe2 single crystal. Se 3d and Ni 3p (i)), Ti 2p (j)) core level and valence band (k)) spectra for (Fe,Ni)0.25TiSe2 in red, blue and black points (panel h)). Figure 1a–f were

• , https://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. XPS spectra from a) Ni 3p, b) O 1s core levels, and c) valence band region from NiO samples sintered at 800, 1200, and 1400 °C. d) SEM image and e) XPS image acquired with the Ni 3p signal, from the

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• focused ion beam (FIB) for SEM observation; Au films were evaporated on the TaN samples before the FIB process to protect the samples (Figure 6a). The sample in Figure 6b shows a film thickness of 70 nm, and one can distinguish the Au protective layer used for the FIB process. Figure 6c shows the

• mTorr as a function of the deposition temperature: (a) 650 °C, (b) 700 °C, (c) 750 °C, and (d) 850 °C. (a) SEM image of the cross section of a TaN thin film prepared with FIB. (b) TEM analysis of the lateral region of the TaN film deposited at T = 750 °C and pN2 = 90 mTorr. (c) TEM image at the

• . Effect of substrate temperature on the atomic composition of TaN thin films (pN2 = 90 mTorr). Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to Eloísa Aparicio (XRD), David Domínguez (XPS), Francisco Ruiz (TEM), Eduardo Murillo (AFM), and Israel Gradilla (SEM) for the technical assistance, and to the project

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images (See Supporting Information File 1, Section 4). The lateral resolution for both AFM and SEM measurements is a few nanometers. The AFM channel that exhibited the clearest contrast between the layers was the amplitude error signal

• avoiding shunts, which makes device characterization via SEM essential. To study the effect of different HTLs on the HTL/perovskite interfaces and how their choice affects charge extraction and recombination in our solar cells, we employed cross-sectional KPFM, more specifically our measurement protocol

• (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S10). In Figure 5a–d we again identified the charge separating junctions in each cell, as calibrated by the AFM and SEM images (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4). In the cells that use spiro-OMeTAD as HTL, we can identify that positive charges get separated at

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• conversion was verified, and the properties of the synthesized colloid were characterized using a complementary set of analytical techniques. SEM analysis reveals differences between the initial graphite and the synthesized FLG–TA colloid (Figure 1A–C). The initial graphite appears as large, tightly packed

• more in-depth its layered structure, consisting of approximately four layers. Quantitative analysis of SEM and TEM images enabled the determination of the FLG–TA sheets’ average lateral size distribution, presented in Figure 1F, indicating an average lateral size of approximately 2 µm. Note that the

• with FLG–TA concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 µg·mL−1. Cellular morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Figure 5), with untreated cells as controls. The occupancy index (OI) of FLG–TA in cell populations and the lateral dimensions of FLG–TA particles on cell membranes were

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in vitro drug release in 0.1 M HCl (pH 1.2) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), and pharmacokinetic studies. The optimal formulation (APT-CD-NP4) containing the highest

• concentration of β-CD showed the highest drug solubility (93.50% ± 3.73%) in PBS (pH 7.4) and drug content (96.75% ± 0.24%); particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of APT-CD-NP4 were 121.1 ± 0.72 nm, −18.8 ± 0.94 mV, and 0.15 ± 0.35, respectively. SEM analysis showed that APT was converted from

• solubility and enhanced dissolution using a minimum quantity of carriers. The developed SLNs were evaluated regarding drug content and using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), as well as polydispersity index (PDI), particle size

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• deposition with nickel as the catalyst and hydrogen as the plasma source. SEM and TEM characterization showed vertically aligned CNFs. This method highlights the impact of plasma conditions and gas ratios on CNF morphology and alignment [12]. An experiment by Li et al. showed CNT growth at decomposition

• aluminum foil covered drum was placed 18 cm from the needle to collect the nanofibers. The flow rate of the solution was 0.5 mL/h. The as-prepared nanofibers underwent thermal treatments, and it was found that the nanofibers exhibited optimal properties after treatment at 850 °C. The SEM and TEM image

• . The temperature was kept below 700 °C, and the efficiency of conversion of carbon precursors into fibers found was 70%. The diameter found was approximately 100 nm, and the TEM and SEM characterization revealed the morphology and the internal structures of the fibers [19]. Ruiz-Cornejo et al

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• spectrometer (Bruker), equipped with an Ar ion laser (532 nm) with 0.2 mW laser operating power. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out with a HITACHI SU8020 model, using an electron beam energy of 3.0 keV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using an ESCA-5000 Versa Probe

• of the B2 phase of CdO nanoparticles. Microscopic modifications observed from SEM micrographs Figure 3a–c illustrates the SEM micrographs for the CZ900_Pris, CZ900_313O, and CZ900_313Ag thin films, respectively. In the CZ900_Pris sample, an interconnected homogenous distribution of grains is not

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• protein at clinically relevant concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was explored to characterize the surface of the electrodes after electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (Figure 2). Because of the high conductivity of gold, a difference in contrast is

• . DPV measurements were performed with equilibration of 5 s, scanning potential from 0.3 to −0.3 V (vs Ag/AgCl), Estep = 0.01 V, Epulse = 0.086 V, and tpulse = 4 s at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. SEM analysis of AuNFs Prior to SEM imaging, the electrode samples were sputtered with a layer of gold/palladium

• biosensing system and the effect on electrochemical current upon H1 protein recognition. SEM images of (A) CSPE and (B, C) AuNFs/CSPE; (D) size distribution of the gold nanoflowers on AuNFs/CSPE. CV characterization at different steps of the electrode modification, measurements performed in 0.1 M KCl

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• following the method outlined by Butrymowicz and colleagues [42]. FEBID was performed using a Hitachi S3600 scanning electron microscope (SEM), which features a high-vacuum chamber and a tungsten filament electron source. Native-oxide Si(100) was employed as a substrate, which was thoroughly cleaned with

• SEM microscope with the same temperatures and GIS positions as those employed for FEB depositions on native-oxide silicon substrates. A square area of 0.97 × 0.97 µm2 was deposited at 20 keV electron energy, with a dwell time of 500 ns and a point-to-pitch of 9.5 nm. The stage current was measured to

• 0.35 nA. The operating pressure was 1.5 × 10−5 mbar. Results and Discussion The square deposit, fabricated on the native-oxide Si(100) substrate using a spiral inward scanning strategy, was analyzed to assess its morphology and structure. Secondary electron detection in SEM imaging reveals the

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• . Results and Discussion Composition and characterization of the materials XRD patterns and a SEM micrograph of the starting zeolite mineral (ZSA) are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, respectively. The diffraction patterns are normalized and evidence the presence of mordenite and clinoptilolite–heulandite

• -type zeolites through their main diffraction peaks indicated on the ZSA graph. Other minor phases such as quartz are also present. The SEM image shows a variety of crisscross crystals, which have the morphology expected for the zeolite types evidenced by XRD [16][17]. Very elongated crystals with

• acicular to fibrous characteristics, associated with mordenite, can be observed. Additionally, clinoptilolite–heulandite crystals with slats and tabular morphology are present. The amounts of clinoptilolite–heulandite and mordenite crystals displayed in the SEM image correspond to the intensity order of