Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• , lipid peroxidation facilitation, and drug release kinetics. In the following section, we explore how these engineered liposomes contribute to ferroptosis induction and tumor therapy. 3.3 Applications and advancements in liposomal drug delivery systems Liposomes are highly promising nanocarriers for drug

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• Vladimir Pimonov Said Tahir Vincent Jourdain Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France 10.3762/bjnano.16.96 Abstract This study addresses the challenge of analyzing the growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes using in situ homodyne polarization microscopy (HPM) by

• series of video processing steps to enhance contrast and used differential treatment techniques to manage low signal and fast kinetics. The DL model demonstrates consistency with manual measurements and increased throughput, laying the foundation for statistical studies of nanotube growth. The approach

• can be adapted for other types of in situ microscopy studies, emphasizing the importance of automation in high-throughput data acquisition for research on individual nano-objects. Keywords: carbon nanotubes growth kinetics; deep learning; in situ microscopy; object recognition and tracking

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• in PEC performance. Our method offers a higher degree of control over both the intermediate BiOI layer and the final BiVO4 structure, thereby enabling enhanced charge separation and surface reaction kinetics. Furthermore, this approach provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between the

• higher electrodeposition current densities, suggesting preferential growth along the crystallographic direction. Higher deposition currents influence ion migration rates and nucleation kinetics, potentially leading to a preferential orientation along the (040) plane. The intensity and sharpness of the

• kinetics. The average crystallite size (grain size) of the BiVO4 films was estimated using the Scherrer equation based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (121) diffraction peak. The Scherrer equation to calculate average crystallite size (grain size) [24][25] is where λ is the X-ray wavelength

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• as brain, liver, spleen, lungs, arterial walls for both immediate and sustained release. Their degradation and release kinetics can be controlled or manipulated by different methods and incorporation or conjugation of specific materials. Importantly, they mainly focus on different biomaterials, drug

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• nanocarriers, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters – such as size, release kinetics, and biodistribution of the encapsulated drug – must be carefully defined to maximize the efficacy of the system [65]. Such considerations are essential to obtain stable formulations with a controlled release profile

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• solubility and stability for hydrophobic compounds. In systems containing 10% (w/w) P407 with 0.4 mg/mL PpIX (EtOH50, EtOH77, and water), the complete solubilization was achieved regardless of the solvent used. Figure 4 shows the solubilization kinetics in the polymeric systems. The average concentrations

• pharmaceutical applications. TEM micrographs revealed that PpIX micelles in water formed smaller and more uniform structures, suggesting improved drug load ability and permeability compared to alcoholic solutions. Moreover, dissolution kinetics, modeled using the Korsmeyer–Peppas equation with lag time (tlag

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• recrystallize differently from those near the substrate, forming a visible boundary. The separation between the two layers of grains may be related to the difference in the grain growth kinetics, which may be influenced by the annealing conditions. For optical coatings, amorphous, very smooth TiO2 layers with

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• %. Furthermore, the surface wettability increased by 15%, and the crystallization temperature rose by 25%, indicating an acceleration in crystallization kinetics. However, these enhancements were accompanied by a 37–50% reduction in elasticity. Despite the decrease in ductility, the elongation at break remained

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• excitation source Nanoled at 455 nm. The kinetics were monitored at 550 nm, and each solution itself was used to register the prompt at 455 nm. The system allowed for measurements of fluorescence lifetimes from 200 ps. The multiexponential fit of the fluorescence decay was obtained using the following

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• laser fields with matter has significantly enriched our understanding of material deformation and phase transition kinetics, drawing increasing attention to strongly driven physical systems [54]. Hidden material phases revealed under non-equilibrium conditions have expanded research on photoinduced

• in aqueous solutions via laser pulse exposures [1][59], demonstrating practical applications and underscoring the need for deeper insights into non-equilibrium light–matter interactions. Experimental approaches to uncover the underlying reaction kinetics of such complex interactions have been diverse

• previously unknown material phases emerge, highlighting the existence of states accessible only under strongly driven non-equilibrium conditions. This insight has spurred further investigations into ultrafast reaction kinetics beyond the thermodynamic limit. However, these diffraction techniques often yield

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• very high, it is often followed by poor stability and an inferior specific energy density. This is due to the poor conducting nature, slow redox kinetics, as well as structural collapse which occurs throughout the redox progression [7]. EDLCs are able to provide desired stability, superior power

• graph that as the scan rates are increased, the current densities rise owing to the quicker diffusion kinetics on the electrode surface [37]. A lower scan rate means that the entire voltammogram takes longer to complete than a high scan rate. At low scan rates, diffusion layers extend further from the

• -electrode investigation, due to the faster diffusion kinetics on the surface of the electrode. At high scan rates (such as 500 mV/s), there was no discernible diversion of the features of the CV profiles. The current responsiveness of the device was adequate even at a 20 mV/s scan rate. For real-time

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• fast intercalation reaction kinetics. Flower-like MoS2–carbon hybrids have demonstrated superior alkali metal storage capability and high rate performance due to the fast Na+ diffusion in radially orientated ultrathin MoS2 and graphene layers; the latter component ensured high electron transfer and

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• ][47][48]. Specifically, the overvoltage of Ni/NiO/SS-10 is lower than those of NiO/C (565 mV) [40], Ni3S2/NC (199 mV) [44], NiCoP/rGO (209 mV) [47], and NF-Ni3Se2/Ni (203 mV) [48]. Also, the Tafel slopes indicate that the reaction kinetics of the Ni/NiO/SS-10 electrode is faster than those of the

• spectroscopy (EIS) was carried out at a voltage of −200 mV to confirm the HER kinetics. Figure 6c shows the Nyquist plots of the various electrodes accompanied by an equivalent circuit (inset of Figure 6c). Ni/NiO/SS-10 has a charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 5.35 Ω, which is much smaller than that of SS

• (30.75 Ω), Ni/NiO/SS-5 (9.79 Ω), Ni/NiO/SS-15 (10.58 Ω), and Ni/NiO/SS-20 (19.87 Ω). The lowest Rct of Ni/NiO/SS-10 indicates the best electron/ion transfer kinetics for HER, consistent with the Tafel slope analysis. In general, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) can be predicted by measuring the

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• ). This difference can be attributed to variations in alloy composition and material properties, which influence the ablation plume dynamics and particle formation kinetics during PLAL. Specifically, the thermal properties, such as melting point and heat conductivity, and the volatility of the alloy

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• experimental variables that cause the kinetics of the nanoparticles formation to change, resulting in nanoparticles with different sizes and morphologies [40]. Thermodynamic properties such as density, dielectric constant, viscosity, vapor pressure, and optical properties of the solvents are some of the

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• adsorption process followed second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Under optimal experimental conditions, a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 123.2 mg·g−1 was estimated using the Langmuir isotherm model. These findings indicate that PGC demonstrates strong potential as an

• a homogeneous surface. Adsorption kinetics Experimental data derived from the analysis of the effect of contact time and initial TC concentration on adsorption capacity were used to study the kinetics of TC adsorption using first-order and second-order kinetic models. Table 3 and Table 4 present the

• concentration of 60 mg·L−1 TC. TC adsorption onto PGC followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model. Additionally, preliminary tests in real water samples revealed that fulvic acid and humic acid in the water matrix affected the adsorption process. Owing to its high

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• that curcumin mostly functions as a radical scavenger at higher concentrations [63]. Further studies also report the photodegradation kinetics of phenolic compounds with antimicrobial properties to be inversely dependent on concentration [64]. For CBD with the same mass concentration of 0.1 wt % of

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• /chitosan-coated cyclodextrin nanocapsules in acidic and basic media [16]. There is increased wetting of amorphous APT after loading into SLNs with increased surface area leading to rapid and consistent release. Drug release kinetics The drug release data obtained from APT-CD-NP1 to APT-PX-NP8 were analyzed

• (equivalent to 2 mg APT) were placed in a dialysis bag sealed at both ends in dissolution medium. After specified time intervals, samples (5 mL) were taken, replaced with fresh medium and analyzed through UV spectrophotometry at λmax = 210 nm after proper dilution. The drug release kinetics were determined by

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• kinetics. The degradation is also affected by surface-modifying macromolecules (SMMs). A variety of SMMs resists enzymatic action. Some SMM formulations are incompatible with PU, which can increase biodegradability. For the medical field, biodegradable polyester PU is derived from polycaprolactone diols

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• charge transfer enhancement by a factor of eight according to studies on spheres, tetrapods, cubes, and dogbone nanoparticles [36]. In contrast, no enhancement effect, or even slower charge transfer kinetics have been observed for 4-ATP-functionalized gold nanoparticles bearing sizes between 5 and 25 nm

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• , subsequent growth kinetics, and final structural properties of thin films. These interactions are influenced by factors such as surface energetics, lattice matching, van der Waals forces, and chemical bonding configurations [20][21]. Strong interactions can lead to ordered nucleation and the formation of

• structures of the adsorbate [44]. In this work, we concentrate our attention onto effects related to reduced interaction strength δ onto structuring kinetics of thin films during deposition and the morphology of the first growing layer. The interaction strength for the specific choice of substrate and

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• electrode can provide additional details about the electrochemical process. It can help to understand the kinetics of electron transfer reactions, analyte diffusion, and electrode surface contact mechanisms. A modified Ag@ZnO NRs electrode with greater impedance is more stable and durable. This provides

• ). Clearly, the cathodic peak current demonstrates a linear connection with v1/2, demonstrating diffusion-controlled kinetics [29]. Concentration effect on the peak current or calibration curve Figure 12a illustrates a steady increase in peak current as lead concentration increases. A standard calibration

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• release kinetics. After copolymerization, the reaction is terminated by dissolving the resulting copolymer in DCM, a solvent that allows the copolymer to remain in solution. The solution is then precipitated in cold diethyl ether, which helps to remove unreacted monomers and other impurities. This

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• sites, slow kinetics of surface reactions, and the reduced mobility of charges, resulting in electron delocalization [99][100]. The molecular rearrangement of g-C3N4 has been the subject of recent research because of its potential to alter the surface chemistry and textural structure [101]. This

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• higher cytotoxicity of the hybrid CN. Additional decrease in the viability of cells was observed when GBM cells pre-treated with the corresponding CNs were exposed to irradiation, which could be ascribed to changes in size, surface charge, and release kinetics of TMZ and to irradiation-induced changes in

• formulation, biopharmaceutics/release kinetics, and pharmacokinetics of TMZ. Also, surface functionalization attempts with multiple targeting ligands were made to deliver TMZ to the site of interest, exploiting the site-specific expression or overexpression of specific molecules on BBTB and GBM cells to