Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• a function of photon energy and particle size. Top panel: The X-ray absorption cross section (PFY, orange line) is shown in comparison to an integration of the resonant Auger spectra (CFS-PEY, light green line). Also, the deconvolution of the signal into the intensities of Auger (green) and Raman

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• proportions of oxygen-containing groups obtained from the C 1s deconvolution spectra reveal marked differences among GO, rGO, and Agro-GO samples, indicating that both the synthesis route and the biomass precursor tightly control surface functionalization. In GO, the oxygenated components are balanced, with

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• as components to the spectra. In order to provide more definite results, an additional deconvolution of the O1 s core level spectra is presented (Figure 5c,d). The fits include the C 1s signals of most of the oxygen–carbon components (C–O–C, 529.8 ± 0.1 eV) and (OH–C, 531.8 ± 0.1 eV ). In the spectra

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• also worth mentioning is that the peak at ≈3013 cm−1 was more pronounced in all samples except T400. The results of XPS spectra deconvolution are summarized in Table 3 and Table 4. The carbon-related region (depicted in Figure 6) revealed sp2 bonds for samples M300 and T400 [48]. In these materials

• marked with a square, a pentagon and a circle, respectively. Deconvolution of the carbon-related region in the XPS spectra of the samples (a) M300, (b) T400, (c) T600, and (d) T800. Diffractograms of rGO paper samples. Visible changes in the (002) peak shape confirm partial restoration of the graphitic

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• thin surface layer with a depth of a few nanometers. The deconvolution of the high-resolution C 1s peak of XPS spectra is illustrated in Figure 5 for GO and in Figure 6 for PI. Spectra are shown for unmodified samples and for samples exposed to the highest ion fluence (1 × 1016 cm−2). More detailed

• information describing the presence of each functional group is given in Table 3. The deconvolution of C 1s peak of XPS spectra of GO pristine (Figure 5a) sample shows a fairly balanced proportion of different chemical bonds. The dominant bonds are C–C (42.99%) and C–O (31.42%), which correspond to the

• implantation energy. The deconvolution of the C 1s region in high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of pristine PI is depicted in Figure 6a, illustrating four distinct carbon components. These components include C–C carbons originating from the aromatic rings of the oxydianiline portion

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• CoTPyP/GR layer in UHV (bottom) and in 10−3 mbar O2 +10−1 mbar H2O at room temperature (top); experimental data (markers) are reported together with the best fit (continuous lines) and deconvolution envelopes (filled profiles). (b) NAP-XPS spectra of the Co 2p3/2 (left, hν = 910 eV) and O 1s (right, hν

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• produced using Bessel and annular profiles. It should be noted that the fractions of amorphous and crystalline phases can be determined by deconvolution of the Raman peaks profiles to estimate the crystallinity of Si NPs (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6). The colloids synthesized using different

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• in the form of Fe2O3, rather than its other counterparts [41]. The deconvolution of O 1s results in the formation of two major peaks at ≈530 and ≈531.6 eV (Figure 7d). While the peak at ≈530 eV can be designated to the metal–oxygen (M–O) bond, the other peak at ≈531.6 eV could be assigned to C=O of

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• merges completely with disorder-induced broad band at higher fluences. Moreover, the deconvolution of the A1 (LO) Raman peak affirms the presence of defect-related Raman modes in the implanted samples. A gradual reduction in crystallinity of the implanted ZnO films with increasing ion fluence is observed

• +-implanted ZnO films at various fluences of (b) 1 × 1015, (c) 5 × 1015, (d) 1 × 1016, and (e) 2 × 1016 ions·cm−2 with inset representing the peak related to the E2 (high) mode. Number of zinc and oxygen vacancies created by the argon ion beam in the ZnO target calculated using TRIM simulations. Deconvolution

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• the peak fitting is in accordance to the hybrids reported [46][47]. The Fe 2p1/2 peak does not require deconvolution due to its relatively lower intensity and minimal contribution to the overall spectral profile. Specifically, in studies of iron, as proposed by Grosvenor et al., the Fe 2p3/2 peak

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• core level lines there is no trace of Fe2+ ions recognized in the Raman studies of Fe3O4, as its binding energy is substantially lower than those registered here [87][92][93]. It should be stressed that the Fe 2p spectra and the results of their deconvolution obtained in this study are extremely

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• imaging modes. Figure 3 shows Ni 3p, O 1s, and valence band XPS spectra from samples annealed at diverse temperatures, which exhibit variable morphological, crystallographic, and optical properties. Regarding the Ni 3p signal, less-explored so far, four main bands were observed after signal deconvolution

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• undergo during the ablation process. Figure 1 presents the deconvolution of high-resolution XPS peaks for Ta 4f, shown both before (Figure 1a,b) and after (Figure 1c,d) heating the substrate. The peaks were fitted using Gaussian functions. The relative atomic concentrations of Ta and N were calculated

• structure, as reported by Hagiwara and collaborators [21]. This overlap of reflections complicates the precise deconvolution of the minor phases in the XRD diffractograms, underscoring the need to carefully consider potential peak coincidences when analyzing multiphase systems containing these tantalum

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• illustrates the Cd 3d5/2, Zn 2p3/2, O 1s, and Si 2p3/2 peaks in XPS spectra for both pristine and irradiated thin films. The calibration of all peaks was conducted using the C 1s peak, situated at 284.6 eV. The peak deconvolution was performed using Gaussian (70%) and Lorentzian (30%) (GL) functions within

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• these two extremes, the peak shape evolves gradually, and while the 2D peak from bilayer graphene has been shown to comprise four components, deconvolution for higher layer numbers has not been reliably carried out. The spectrum recorded from flakes with ten or more layers is typically indistinguishable

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• may arise from strong associations between carrier and payload [57]. Without careful deconvolution, the scattering signal from a particulate analyte can readily result in a high bias that compromises UV–vis-based analyses. Ambiguity can further be enhanced in fluorescence assays because of the

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• types are observed from the deconvolution of the peaks shown in Figure 2A. They show an increase in binding energies evidencing the presence of C–OH, C–C, C–O–C, and C=O bonds in GO. The O 1s spectra of synthesized GO can be deconvoluted into three peaks, corresponding to contributions from carbonyl and

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

• Philipp Rahe,
• Daniel Heile,
• Reinhard Olbrich and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

• tip sampling path. Therefore, one has to take into account that the inclined oscillatory motion of the sensor can invoke significant lateral movement of the tip when describing the Δf signal formation and force deconvolution. If the force field above the surface is homogeneous and isotropic with

• presented by the violet dotted curve in Figure 3e for α = 45°. Last, we note that lateral components are virtually absent for large tip–sample distances in this model, leading to a convergence of the Δf() curves in the regime ≫ 1 nm. Force deconvolution for the inclined sampling path The difference in the

• overlap of the tip sampling path segments for nearby positions along the data recording path. Therefore, the deconvolution using the known algorithms can be performed in the usual manner. Naturally, the result will not represent the perpendicular force but rather describes the force component along the

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• thorough shape analysis into the assessment of emerging platforms from the very onset of their expansion into the general nano-bio research. The solution-based corollary to dry-state imaging that can provide the above parameters is dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS uses the deconvolution of a correlation

• , deconvolution is utilized (Supporting Information File 1) to extract relative subpopulation fractions (α1, α2) (Table S6). The HEM/HSA population with d1 = 97 nm comprises swollen individual SPNPs, while the second population with d2 = 455 nm may be attributed to transient or semi-transient clusters. When

• contribution to the properties of blended SPNPs appears to be eclipsed by the more hydrophobic HSA component. MUC/HSA SPNPs DLS and SEM results for MUC/HSA SPNPs are presented in Figure 4a. After deconvolution, the nDLS spectrum of MUC/HSA SPNPs displays a minor fraction (d1 = 30 nm, α1 = 0.07) and a dominant

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• are presented in Figure 4. The experimental curve can be deconvoluted in two peaks at 458.2 eV and 463.9 eV, with a splitting energy of 5.7 eV, what is characteristic for Ti4+ [28][29][30]. Deconvolution of the Eu 4d spectrum is complicated. As it can be seen in Figure 4, the sample includes both Eu3

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• absorption band related to the α phase centered at 763 cm−1, we estimated for the different samples a value of F(β) = (82 ± 3)%. The relatively large error is due to the uncertainty in the deconvolution procedure. From this estimation, and considering that the intensity of the β phase peaks remains

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• obtained in the measurement did not allow, however, for deconvolution of the pyrrolic N signal and the graphitic N signal for the fibres containing cobalt. Their spectra (see Supporting Information File 1) were thus fitted with only three peaks, considering the middle peak a mixed peak of pyrrolic and

Open-loop amplitude-modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy operated in single-pass PeakForce tapping mode

• Gheorghe Stan and
• Pradeep Namboodiri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.83

• spatial resolution and measurement sensitivity of the AM-KPFM can be increased by deconvoluting the capacitive couplings. Corrections to the measured CPD values are based on multi-capacitances description [51], point spread function deconvolution [47][52][53], electrodynamic models [54], and numerical

• calibrating the local CPD on sample regions of known surface potential. This simple and practical deconvolution increased the spatial resolution of the OL AM-KPFM at the level of an FM-KPFM method. The OL KPFM variant proposed here adds to a growing set of PFT-based platform techniques that includes

• with the same parameters as in Equation 3. For a reliable deconvolution of the cantilever contribution by either Equation 3 or Equation 4, fixed values or constraints must be applied on the two additional fit parameters CCF and CPDnon-local. These can come either from calculation or additional

Determining amplitude and tilt of a lateral force microscopy sensor

• Oliver Gretz,
• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Thomas Holzmann,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 517–524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.42

• sensor. The weighted average must also take into account the direction of the tip oscillation: where A is the oscillation amplitude. Extracting force and potential energy from the measured Δf is a complex inversion problem requiring deconvolution. Several deconvolution methods include a matrix inversion