Substrate-dependent pore formation in molybdenum disulfide monolayers under ion irradiation

• Yossarian Liebsch,
• Umair Javed,
• Lucia Skopinski,
• Leon Daniel,
• Franziska Appel,
• Radia Rahali,
• Clara Grygiel,
• Henning Lebius,
• Carolin Frank,
• Lars Breuer,
• Leon Kirsch,
• Frieder Koch,
• Jani Kotakoski and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 769–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.54

• MoS2 on SiO2. Reduced mobility can slow lateral charge redistribution, which may increase the spatial localization of the transient excitation and thus raise the local electronic energy density. This in turn may increase the local energy density available for lattice excitation. We note that this

• the HICS beamline at the University of Duisburg-Essen [42][66][67]. The ions with charge states q = 28+ up to q = 44+ are provided by an electron beam ion source (EBIS). Samples were irradiated under perpendicular incidence with a fluence of Φ = 5 × 1011 cm−2. At this fluence, the density of pores is

Interface-engineered Caco-2 cell culture on a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface in a microfluidic device

• Satoru Kuriu and
• Soo Hyeon Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 760–768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.53

• evaluate whether gravitational forces or interfacial tension dominate when two fluids of different densities are in contact. Here, ρ denotes the density difference between FC-43 and the collagen solution, g is the gravitational acceleration, L is the channel width, and σ is the interfacial tension

• collagen-containing serum-free DMEM, the cell suspension was introduced and seeded at a density of 1.5 × 105 cells/cm2. The growth of Caco-2 cells on the liquid–liquid interface is shown in Figure 5. The images were captured near the center of the channel. At two days post-seeding, most Caco-2 cells had

• onto the device reservoir. The cell suspension was then introduced into the channel from the port using a syringe pump at a flow rate of 20 μL/min for 1 min, and Caco-2 cells were seeded onto the liquid–liquid interface at a density of 1.5 × 105 cells/cm2. The microfluidic device was then put in an

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• in both the real and imaginary components of the dielectric function (ε1 and ε2), leading to the quenching of the plasmon resonance [66]. Moreover, Pt d-electrons do not participate in the collective charge density oscillations in Ag–Pt alloys [37][67][68]. To further confirm the formation of

Superconducting artificial neural networks and quantum circuits

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 744–747, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.51

• Josephson diode introduced in this work enforces unidirectional pulse propagation, prevents backward influence between connected neurons, and enables compact circuit designs with increased integration density. The development of advanced technologies for the fabrication of layered functional nanostructures

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• to IrO2 (1.53 V vs RHE). Furthermore, the accelerated reaction kinetics of the Cu–Rh–O series, which contribute to its enhanced intrinsic OER activity, were confirmed by Tafel analysis (η vs log j, where η represents the overpotential and j is the GSA-normalized current density) derived from the

• electrocatalyst demonstrates excellent durability, as shown in Figure 6c, maintaining a nearly stable potential during 10,000 s of continuous OER operation at a constant current density of 10 mA·cm−2. Conclusion In summary, Cu–Rh bimetallic single-phase spinel oxide nanofibers were successfully synthesized via

Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• dye packing density within the nanoparticles. Such non-radiative deactivation is expected to significantly increase local heating. Under 2P excitation, we hypothesize that the larger σ2 of dFONs(2) results in nanoparticle overheating due to rapid multicycling of excitation (induced by intense laser

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• the theoretical mass of the solid sample, calculated as the product of the density of PCL, 1.081 g·cm−3 [51], and the volume Vt ≈ 3.98 cm3. The pore size (P) was estimated using Equation 2: Here, D denotes the mean fiber diameter for each specimen, (1 − p) corresponds to the area of fibers per unit

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• the F16CuPc-modified device decreased from 1069.3 to 901.3 ns, indicating more efficient carrier extraction. Despite the trap density remaining nearly unchanged (2.19 × 1015 vs 2.00 × 1015 cm−3), EIS testing showed a significant increase in recombination resistance (from 945.1 to 5763 Ω), suggesting

• defect density. IPA treatment, performed in a glove box at 25 °C with <0.1 ppm H2O, not only formed the n/n+ homojunction but also suppressed iodine vacancy formation and PbI2 accumulation, reducing aging decay from 55% to 19% after 1100 h. In simplified HTL-free device architectures, surface or near

• –p homojunction strategy, which approximately doubled carrier lifetime and mobility (about 17.2 cm2·V−1·s−1), and reduced the trap density by half, using transient photocurrent and transient photovoltage spectroscopy, and TRPL. BEF enhances directional transport through the n–p homojunction and

Towards targeted drugs and next generation of nanomedicines

• Anna Salvati,
• Silvia Giordani and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 598–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.41

• interaction with the low density lipopoprotein receptor (LDLR) on the hepatocytes [29]. Other examples of nanomedicines exploiting endogenous targeting are the so-called selective organ-targeting (SORT) lipid nanoparticles, which adsorb different corona proteins on their surface depending on their charge

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• -enhanced Raman scattering (GERS) [27]. Such combinations allow atomic-scale inspection of both molecular organization and electronic structures. These 2D systems are accessible to numerical simulations such as density-functional theories, in particular concerning Pcs [18][28]. Such simulations can be

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• capacitively coupled N-dot structure with dots connected to the separate leads. The occupation number operators of the spin-orbital and of the Fermi sea in the left (right) leads are given by and , respectively. We assume the coupling strength to the electrodes with the rectangular density of states 1/2W (W

• denoting the electron bandwidth of electrodes in the wide-band approximation, where the leads are represented by a flat density of states). Γ = πt2/2W is the coupling strength to leads. In the calculations, we use the natural units setting ℏ = kB = e = g = |νB| = 1. We also take W/50 as the energy unit

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• transfer times obtained from the core-hole clock approach probe the very local charge transfer to neighboring atomic sites and are particularly sensitive to the energetic and spatial overlap of the involved orbitals and the available density of states (DOS). Accordingly, they could be sensitive to changes

• transfer rates. An energy level diagram of CdSe/ZnS QDs is schematically shown in Figure 2c. Owing to its smaller bandgap, the CdSe core is expected to have a higher density of states at a given energy compared to the wider-bandgap ZnS shell. From this perspective, charge transfer toward the core is

• [33], due to the additional attenuation, both values are still severely underestimating the contribution of the signal from the shell. Given that an increasing quantum confinement for increasingly small shell thicknesses would results in a decreased density of states, one would expect a decreasing

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• of functional groups and defect density. Ferrocene was used as a catalytic nucleation agent during pyrolysis as its iron-containing framework facilitates the formation of initial aromatic carbon nuclei and promotes early-stage graphitization at low temperatures [20][21]. All GO samples were also used

• atoms in aromatic domains and the D band around 1350 cm−1, associated with defects in the crystal lattice such as edges, vacancies, and oxygenated functional groups [38]. The intensity ratio between these peaks (ID/IG) is commonly used as an indicator of structural disorder or defect density in the

• material [39]. In the GO spectrum, the D and G bands are observed at 1320.4 and 1555.9 cm−1, respectively, with an ID/IG ratio of 1.07. This relatively high ratio indicates a high density of structural defects and a significant degree of oxidation. In contrast, the rGO sample shows a ratio of ID/IG = 1.10

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• concentration of individual S vacancies and a lower concentration of S vacancy dimers in exfoliated single-layer films [61]. In contrast, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that molecular oxygen reacts very readily with larger S vacancy clusters (three or more vacancies), with O2 dissociation

• density and their random distribution, which makes it computationally extremely demanding to determine structural dynamics, whether from molecular dynamics or from harmonic approximation plus finite displacements. This can nowadays be overcome by using machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs

• detection of the inelastic contribution. On the one hand, the small energy scale of at most a few millielectronvolts requires very low temperatures; on the other hand, the change in conductance depends on the excitation efficiency and the density of states at the Fermi level. Hence, detection of magnetic

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• generated model and, using a syringe fitted with a nozzle with a diameter of 0.41 mm, deposited the material layer by layer at room temperature. The printing parameters were set to a rectilinear infill pattern with 100% infill density and an extrusion speed of 6 mm/s. After printing, the films were dried at

First-principles study on elastic properties of Cu, (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn and interfacial mechanical properties of (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn/Cu in the lead-free solder joint

• Guomin Hua

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 428–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.29

• orientation relationship of (001)ε//(111)Cu and [100]ε//[−110]Cu; the underlying mechanisms responsible for the influence of Ni alloying on the work of adhesion and interfacial toughness are demonstrated. Methods In this study, first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory

• ]. The UTS corresponds to the maximum stress that the interface structure can endure, in other words, the UTS corresponds to the onset of interface structure destabilization. Thus, the bulk energy density stored in the interface structure can be calculated by integrating the product of tensile stress and

• tensile strain from tensile strain at zero stress to the strain at UTS. Then, the work of adhesion can be calculated by the product of bulk energy density and thickness of the interface layer, namely, the areal energy density stored during the tensile deformation before the structure reached

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• radius, crystal ionic radii, density of the metal, electron affinity, and ionization energy) which complement and extend the seven first- and sixteen second-generation periodic table descriptors, as a means to model the toxicity of MeOx nanomaterials to zebrafish embryo – measured as impacts on the

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• therapy of uveal melanoma, BNPs coated with recombinant low-density lipoproteins were developed to deliver the PS verteporfin and the vascular-normalizing agent dexamethasone. Following intravenous administration, these nanoparticles selectively accumulated in tumor tissue; verteporfin generates ROS

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• in the nanometer range for PTYR and in the micrometer range in case of PDA. Compared to PDA, PTYR coatings exhibited a nanoparticulate surface morphology and higher stability under physiological conditions. Wettability, roughness, and amine group density were systematically analyzed to determine

• . reported that 50–60° is the optimal CA value for adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts on low-density polyethylene surfaces [35]. According to Webb et al., however, moderately hydrophilic surfaces (20–40°) promoted the highest levels of fibroblast attachment [29]. In our study, CAs ranging from 52.97

• . Each extract was obtained in triplicate. Mouse fibroblast L929 cells (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were expanded according to the manufacturer’s instructions and seeded in a 96-well plate at a density of 105 cells/mL, 100 µL per well. Wells for positive control (DMEM with 0.1% Triton X-100, Gibco

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• , the ferroelectric reservoir utilizes no active current-driving elements, allowing for passive, high-density neuromorphic integration. To interface the ferroelectric reservoir with external neuromorphic systems, specific schemes for signal injection and readout are required. Several architectures

• -density neuromorphic circuits. The proposed ferroelectric reservoir benefits from several advantageous physical properties intrinsic to nanoscale ferroelectrics – high capacity, with exponentially growing configuration space, fading memory, provided by the slow relaxation dynamics of polarization in

• but can also support multilevel logic states beyond simple binary encoding. Their internal structure provides additional degrees of freedom that can be exploited for multivalued neuromorphic processing, enabling richer spatiotemporal dynamics and increased information density. Integration of

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• free space (Figure 6b), for which we observed a gain of 2 dBm for the untreated sample, a 7 dBm gain directly after ethanol treatment, and a 10 dBm gain after 5 min. The power density at 4.8 GHz was calculated for a resonant dipole antenna with a gain of 2.15 dB, accounting for a 0.7 dB cable loss

• before the antenna. The input power was 5 dBm, which is 3.16 × 10−3 W, and the power reaching the antenna terminals after loss was (2.69 ± 0. 01) × 10−3 W. Using the far-field relation, the power density at a distance of 70 cm was found to be (7.17 ± 0.01) × 10−4 W·m−2; at 30 cm, it was (3.90 ± 0.01

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• environment [9]. The early stages of laser ablation, along with variations in material density, temperature, and phase states, can be effectively modelled using large-scale atomistic simulations [26][27]. PLAL is a simple, fast, and versatile technique that has been employed to produce ligand-free NPs [28

Calculation of the dynamic stiffness of a cantilever under torsional oscillation

• Keita Nishida,
• Yuuki Yasui and
• Yoshiaki Sugimoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 303–308, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.21

• L, width b, and thickness t with L, b ≫ t as shown in Figure 1a. The corresponding moment of inertia along the x axis is I = ρb3tL/12, where ρ is the mass density and is uniform in the cantilever. The angle of the torsional displacement is denoted by θ(x, t) at the position x and the time t, and the

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• that trap vortices. As a result, a finite current density is required to initiate vortex motion. When the value of the external current density, jex, applied to the superconductor exceeds the value of the critical current density, jc, vortices begin to move, giving rise to a viscous flow regime known

• magnetic field, HSAT, that is, the field beyond which the jumps disappear and the transition to the normal state occurs smoothly. The values are = 0.9 T and = 1.2 T. To gain insight into the pinning mechanism at play, the behavior of the critical current density Jc = Ic/wd as a function of the external

• . Furthermore, the results of NbRe/Py show a steeper slope than NbRe/Au. This could be related to a larger suppression and spatial inhomogeneity of the superconducting order parameter induced by the Py layer, which further decreases the value of the critical current density at low fields [34]. For magnetic

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• grown oxide. Specifically, on Si, LAO-derived oxide exhibits a density of 2.05 g·cm−3, lower than the 2.27 g·cm−3 density of thermally oxidized silicon [43]. In the case of Si surfaces the chemical reaction leading to SiO2 formation is: In the case of SiC, carbon atoms are eliminated in the form of

• density) can reach up to 100 nm height [34]. The protruding oxide observed by AFM represents only part of the total oxide volume. Because oxidation proceeds into the substrate and the formed oxide is less dense than the parent material, a comparable portion (typically 40–60%) develops beneath the surface