Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• possibility for indirect transitions, the indirect bandgap for ZnTe films was calculated. Morphological investigation revealed that the roughness increases and the particle density decreases with the increase in substrate temperature. The electrical conductivity was found to increase (from 1.42 × 10−8 to 6.06

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• central axis, which separates two different solutions into two separate chambers within the nozzle [96]. The two different solutions should possess similar electrical conductivity for the materials to eject as a single jet without any phase separation. This technique can be regarded as a variant of

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• level of reduction and the specific production techniques employed. GO is a type of insulating material that is made from graphene by oxidizing graphite. The reduction process eliminates functional groups in GO that contain oxygen, restoring π-conjugated structures and electrical conductivity. rGO has a

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• sustaining rhizobacterial viability with pH 8.95 and an electrical conductivity of 55.4 μS/cm. Rhizobacteria loaded onto the nHA carrier maintained comparable viability to those without carriers. The highest viability of the rhizobacterial strains Pd and Tb loaded onto the nHA carrier was observed on the

• microscope JSM-6510LA JEOL SEM, followed by in-depth analysis using ImageJ and OriginLab 8.5.1 software tools. Additionally, the physical parameters of nHA utilized as a carrier material, including pH and electrical conductivity (EC), were determined using a digital pH meter (Mettler Toledo, MP220 pH meter

• ) and precise digital measurement of electrical conductivity (Mettler Toledo, MC 226 conductivity meter). Preparation of inoculum and formulation of rhizobacteria-nHA nHA was carefully placed into 2 mL EP tubes and underwent sterilization through autoclaving. The rhizobacteria were introduced into

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• nanocomposites, like high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical stability, make them ideal candidates for the development of high-performance CO gas sensors. Carbon-nanocomposite gas sensors find their application in detecting pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2

• , mathematical models to predict the behavior of these sensors have been developed using numerical analysis software [1]. The polymer PEDOT: PSS aligns the surface of the CNT film by filling most of the gaps in the CNT network. The effective electrical conductivity at tube-to-tube junctions within the CNT

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• degradation products, and hydrolysis products of phenylboronate esters. Resorcinarenes are known for their self-assembly properties [18]. The electrical conductivity plotted against RA concentration shows a nonlinear relationship for free Hist-RA, CA-RA, and their mixture in water, indicating a critical

• association constant (CAC) at the break point. The CACs for Hist-RA, CA-RA, and the Hist-RA + CA-RA mixture are 0.34, 0.26, and 0.32 mM, respectively (Figure 5a). In contrast, p(Hist-CA) post-dialysis shows a direct relationship between electrical conductivity and RA fragment concentration, despite its

• aggregation tendency (Figure 5b). Adding ACh to the p(Hist-CA) solution enhances the electrical conductivity and establishes a break point in the conductivity–concentration curve, with a CAC around 0.2 mM. These results suggest that ACh destabilizes p(Hist-CA), resulting in ensembles of Hist-RA, CA-RA, TO

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• ratio x = [O]/[Si], which is determined by controlling key parameters in the deposition process [2]. This ratio determines optical and electrical properties such as bandgap energy, absorption coefficient, photoluminescence, refractive index, and electrical conductivity [3]. SiOx cannot only be obtained

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.116 Abstract High mechanical strength, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and tunable properties make two-dimensional (2D) materials attractive for various

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• several hours for results. The development of compact and portable miniaturized sensors has enabled the detection of different biomarkers for continuous, real-time human health monitoring [1][2]. Temperature, heart rate, electrical conductivity, dehydration, and glucose are some of the indicators that

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• temperature because the higher number of phonons increases the efficiency of thermal transport [75]. NDs show also exceptional mechanical strength and low chemical reactivity, making them sound candidates for thin film coatings [76]. These properties are counterbalanced by a low electrical conductivity due to

• adhesion of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Furthermore, graphene coatings can also exhibit antibacterial activity through electron transfer phenomena as reported by Yang et al. [114] for graphene coatings on titania. The authors reported that the increased electrical conductivity was due to the unpaired

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• material. The electrical conductivity of a vertically aligned CNT structure is defined by the intrinsic conductivity along the CNTs and the tunneling at the CNT junctions. The vertical electrical conduction is based on long conduction paths along the CNTs and few junction contacts, while the lateral

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• and causes a change in viscosity, surface tension, and electrical conductivity of the polymer liquid [54][65]. The evaporation rate of the solvent is an extremely important parameter. In an ideal production process, the solvent must be completely evaporated before the jet reaches the collector of the

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• electrical conductivity, which allows them to serve as sites for trapping photogenerated charges. This, in turn, facilitates the collection of charge carriers [18] leading to interesting photodegradation properties [19][20]. During the photochemical reaction process, the light excitation induces the

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• generate a time-dependent electric field, which needs to be considered consistently. We think that our findings align well with this explanation, as a key difference between GO and rGO is their electrical conductivity. Moreover, the conduction mechanism in GO and rGO flakes is variable-range hopping [75

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• properties of these layers and to attain the desired parameters in the final product. Controlled thermal treatment serves various purposes, such as enabling crystal structure relaxation, defect reduction, and enhancement of the films’ crystalline arrangement. Furthermore, it can lead to improved electrical

• conductivity and changes in optical attributes. The CuO films that are the subject of this work were grown using a novel approach to the hydrothermal method. They are produced from aqueous copper(II) acetate solutions heated to approximately 95 °C. Notably, a key distinction of these growth processes is their

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• , cost-effectiveness, and reliability. The use of modified electrodes has shown to improve significantly electrocatalytic activity and electrical conductivity of electrodes. Graphene, with sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in a single layer, has gained much attention because of its unique physicochemical

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• ferromagnetic properties and demonstrated high visible-light photocatalytic activity when loaded onto titania nanotube arrays. Titanium nitride (TiN) has gained recognition as an advanced engineering material because of its outstanding chemical and thermal stability, extreme hardness, and electrical

• conductivity [10][11][12]. On the nanoscale, TiN finds applications as additive in titanium alloys, as catalyst support material, as supercapacitor component, and as nanocoating for medical implants [13][14][15][16]. Furthermore, ultra-small TiN nanodots have been successfully obtained through liquid

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• nanoscale devices [8]. When deposited on a transparent substrate in the form of a low-density mesh, metal NWs can provide electrical conductivity while retaining sufficient transparency. The growing demand for transparent conductive materials has stimulated numerous studies aimed at the design, preparation

• 125–200 °C within minutes [27][28]. This effect enhances the electrical conductivity of the NW network by improving electrical contacts between individual NWs [28][29][30]. However, further temperature increases may cause NWs to split into shorter fragments – a process often attributed to Rayleigh

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• , bandgap, and electrical conductivity, to a large extent by controlling the cationic oxidation state and the film stoichiometry [2]. As a matter of fact, adjustments in the film stoichiometry and microstructure are experimentally viable by the choice of a suitable growth technique [9][10][11]. As a result

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• : direct writing; dwell time; electron dose; etching; graphene; maskless lithography; nanopatterning; Introduction The discovery of extraordinary and controllable electrical conductivity in graphene back in 2004 made it the most recognized 2D material [1]. The newly discovered phenomena, such as

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• appropriate electrical conductivity [22]. Suspension of conductive fillers in the hydrogel structure, such as metallic particles (gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles) [23][24][25], carbon-based materials (GO graphene oxide, CNT carbon nanotubes) [26][27][28], and conductive polymers (polyaniline

• composite with significant electrical conductivity resulting from the presence of conductive carbon particles in a process that is much faster and easier to perform. It is also inexpensive as it does not require electricity consumption in long mixing and/or heating processes. The produced hydrogel

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• highest photothermal conversion efficiency. In addition, these materials also possess high thermal and electrical conductivity, high aspect ratio, light weight, and high mechanical strength, because of which these materials are used for photothermal applications [36]. Polyhydroxylated fullerenes were

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• -TrFE). Graphene (GR) exhibits outstanding electrical conductivity and strong adsorption capabilities. When combined with ZnO, it forms a more homogeneous and compact structure, thereby enhancing the alignment and arrangement of ZnO crystals. Furthermore, the layered structure of GR enables it to enwrap

• voltage and to a reduced filament diameter. Moreover, since GR has a sheet-like structure with good electrical conductivity, adding a trace amount of GR material can further enhance the solution's conductivity and promote the dispersion of ZnO particles, resulting in finer and smoother nanofiber filaments

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• the low-frequency region. The former component is characteristic of charge transfer resistance, while the latter presents the diffusion of ions in the solid phase. Compared to the pure Ge electrode, the diameters of the semicircle are smaller in the Ge@C electrodes because of the higher electrical

• conductivity of the additional carbon matrix, indicating the decrease in charge transfer resistance of the composite electrodes. The EIS results were fitted using an equivalent circuit model, including an internal or electrolyte resistance (Re), a charge transfer resistance (Rct), and two constant phase

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• application of electrochemical methods in detection of pesticides has already been extensively studied [9][10][11][12][13]. Nanomaterials are ideal for electrochemical sensing because of their unique properties such as high chemical stability, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and large surface