Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• degradation byproducts MPs come from various sources and are responsible for environmental and human health risks. First, plastics are manufactured with chemical additives such as phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), and brominated flame retardants, which are endocrine disruptors and carcinogens [115][116]. Second

• fluctuations release toxic byproducts and nanoplastics, which are more bioavailable and more easily taken up by cells [118][119]. These collective mechanisms of toxicity are a threat to freshwater biodiversity and human health. Their activity is particularly vital to individuals relying on such water for

• their physical structure, MPs are also significantly hazardous through the additives and byproducts that they release into the environment [120][121]. 7.3 Long-term implications for ecosystem and human health Long-term exposure to MPs can potentially alter fundamental ecological processes such as

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• sustainable vector control strategies that minimize risks to human health and delay the onset of insecticide resistance. In this context, natural products have emerged as a promising alternative for mosquito control, particularly as larvicides, given that many insecticides are derived from natural compounds

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• stability but also human health over the long term. These risks highlight the urgent need for effective strategies to mitigate MP pollution in both environmental and water supply systems. While numerous review papers have been conducted to evaluate the status of MP pollution, most of these papers have

• protecting both human health and aquatic ecosystems. Review Sources and distribution pathways of MPs to water supply system Microplastics can be classified as primary or secondary. Primary MPs are intentionally manufactured for various applications, whereas secondary MPs result from the degradation or

• may generate secondary pollutants, contributing to environmental contamination [49][113]. Exposure to nanomaterials can occur through release into the environment during synthesis, application, or disposal [114]. Such exposure poses potential risks not only to human health, but also to the environment

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• linoleic acid (LA, omega–6) are recognized as essential bioactive compounds, making LO valuable for medicinal applications. Notably, ALA is metabolized into eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6), providing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are vital for human

• health [65][66]. PUFAs are well-known for their therapeutic potential, particularly their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [30], showing promising results in systemic and topical treatment [33][67][68], including for dry eye disease [35][36][69]. The viscosity, density, and AV of LO at both

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• , metabolic disruption, and immune responses, highlighting the urgent need for further research on their health impacts. Figure 3 shows various impacts of MPs on human health and environment. Removal of MPs from wastewater Figure 4 depicts various techniques for the removal of MPs from aqueous environments

• , making them reusable and cost-effective in the long run. However, the high production cost of carbon nanomaterials may hinder their adoption in large-scale water treatment systems. Environmental concerns also arise due to the potential release of these nanoparticles, which may pose risks to both human

• health and ecosystems. Additionally, carbon nanomaterials often aggregate in water, diminishing their adsorption efficiency, and their fabrication typically involves advanced techniques and costly equipment, which further limits widespread use [114]. The mechanism involved in the removal of MPs using

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• of water bodies with heavy metal ions poses a significant threat to the environment and human health due to their non-degradable nature and toxicity. Metal-oriented industries such as battery manufacturing, mining, electroplating, and metal recycling are growing day by day, and so are the chances of

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• recycled in 2015, with 12% incinerated and 79% accumulating in landfills or the natural environment [4]. Microplastics (MPs) have garnered significant attention due to their adverse impacts on human health and the ecological environment. Research primarily focuses on identifying their presence, risks, and

• sources in the environment and biota. Although MPs are produced in large quantities, effective removal techniques remain underdeveloped [5][6]. Recent studies have confirmed the widespread presence of MPs in agricultural soils and water bodies, highlighting their environmental and human health risks. In

• MPs, underscoring the role of treatment facilities as pathways for MP release into aquatic environments [11]. The ecological and human health risks associated with MPs necessitate urgent mitigation strategies. In Yan’an, China, MP pollution loading indices ranged from 1.00 to 2.48, indicating light

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• significant advancement, vector management remains the primary strategy for preventing these urban arboviruses. In this context, the development of pesticides that offer safer alternatives for the environment and human health has become urgent. In this study, a chitosan-based nanocomposite was developed as a

• /TPP–β-CD–rot nanocomposite exerted cytotoxic effects, confirming their favorable safety profile. These findings highlight the potential of nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of bioactive compounds while minimizing environmental and human health risks, offering a sustainable and innovative strategy

• selective toxicity to target organisms, making them a viable alternative for developing new insecticide formulations. Combining these attributes with nanoparticle encapsulation strategies, it is possible to considerably increase the biocidal agent efficacy while reducing the environmental and human health

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• it effective in controlling various bacterial infections in shrimp. However, unregulated antibiotic usage poses significant risks, including the presence of antibiotic residues in seafood, which threaten human health. More broadly, overuse of antibiotics diminishes aquatic biodiversity and leads to

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• , focused on improving human health through innovative technologies [1]. It is a broad interdisciplinary field that includes biology, medicine, engineering, and materials science, which all work together to address the intricate medical needs of societies [2]. The ultimate goal of biomedical research is to

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• their acute exposure leads to chronic disorders by affecting organ functions [2]. For example, lead poisoning in liquid effluents, is one of the worst environmental hazards which can affect human health and readily impact immune responses [3]. Due to the detrimental effects on the environment and human

• health, determining the presence of trace heavy metals is crucial. Lead is a highly toxic element that affects human soft tissues and organs, acting in concert with other carcinogens to cause cancer in the kidneys, lungs, or brain. Lead paint, lead-containing petrol, mining, and smelting are some of the

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• hypothesize that PEG–PCL NPs can serve as effective colorimetric probes for SDS detection, addressing the need for a rapid, nontoxic, selective, and cost-effective environmental and human health protection sensor. The current study is based on developing a colorimetric/spectrometric sensing probe for SDS

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• to human health and ecological balance, requiring immediate and novel intervention techniques. Regarding this, semiconductor-based photocatalysts have appeared as promising candidates, providing a sustainable and efficient way to remove antibiotics from aquatic ecosystems. Nanomaterials can

• mechanisms of how these materials or processes degrade antibiotics. They do not address the entry of antibiotics into the environment, their adverse impact on human health and the environment, or the effects of each treatment process in relation to established industrial applications. As a result, there is a

• the environment The challenge of removing antibiotics from the environment, including water bodies, soil, and wastewater, is commonly called the antibiotic removal problem. Antibiotics present in the environment pose risks to both ecosystems and human health. Several primary barriers contribute to the

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• , as well as geothermal, tidal, and solar energy. Renewable energy sources are unlimited and can be constantly replenished. In the coming years, renewable energy sources will contribute to decarbonizing energy systems. Solar energy safeguards both human health and a healthy environment [1]. Akmam and

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• range from mild headaches and light headedness to sudden death or permanent brain damage. In houses as well as workplaces, it is important to ensure the constant monitoring of enclosed areas for carbon monoxide presence because of the severe risks to human health. Traditional CO sensors, although

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• strategy for personalized medicine. Keywords: cancer; drug delivery; human health; mimetics; nanotechnology; Introduction Human exposure to nanoparticles has naturally occurred for millennia, with a notable intensification following the industrial revolution [1]. The foundational concept of modern

• new opportunity for personalized therapies [12][18][19]. Here, we explored the implications of biomimetic nanostructured carriers and their applications in human health. Biomimetic Nanocarriers The principle of biomimetic nanocarriers involves coating nanoscale carriers with materials capable of

• main solutions that biomimetics addresses (Figure 2C). This approach has demonstrated that complex nanocarrier drug delivery systems need to exhibit compatible surfaces with target cells to enhance their functional capabilities [19]. Biomimetic Nanocarriers in Human Health The field of nanocarriers for

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• challenges associated with human health. Nanotechnology offers great opportunities in medicine because of the physicochemical properties at the nanoscale. There are efforts to apply unique quantum phenomena at the nanoscale in the fields of medicine, biomedical sciences, bioengineering, food technology

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• monitoring and remediation methods. Five heavy metals, namely, mercury (Hg2+), lead (Pb2+), cadmium (Cd2+), chromium (Cr3+), and arsenic (As3+), pose severe risks to human health and ecological systems because of their non-biodegradable nature and long biological half-lives, leading to bioaccumulation and

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• formation of substances harmful to human health and the environment [36][37]. It has many advantages compared to chemical and physical methods, that is, it is non-toxic, pollution-free, ecological and economical, and more sustainable [38][39]. There is a variety of natural resources for the green synthesis

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• , India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India 10.3762/bjnano.15.106 Abstract Heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), pose significant environmental and human health threats. Addressing these challenges necessitates using advanced

• +, Cr3+, and Hg2+ at 0.5 OD, while efficiently degrading 4-NP within 5 min at 1 OD. This study emphasizes the importance of tailoring parameters of CTAB-capped nanoparticles for specific sensing and catalytic applications, offering potential solutions for environmental remediation and human health

• and silver) nanoprobes are emerging as versatile colorimetric and spectrophotometric nanosensors for rapid detection/degradation of heavy metal ions and toxic pollutants that pose a serious challenge to environment and human health. Globally, acceleration of industrial growth and urbanization led to

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• functionalization) [28][29][30]. In this sense, studying the interaction between TA and GO and the effects on the material toxicity is of technological and environmental relevance. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a well-established in vivo model in human health science and has been considered a promising

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• ’ kinetics, migration, and transformation than in vitro cell culture assays [14]. Meanwhile, it is considered an equivalent model for investigating developmental toxicity and genotoxicity because around 85% of its genes are comparable to those found in humans [15]. The potential harm to human health posed by

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• nanomaterials, particularly alginate-based, has raised the interest of many in the biomedical field for monitoring and regulating human health [14]. Biopolymers are naturally occurring polymeric compounds derived from living organisms [15][16][17][18]. They are mostly used in pharmaceutical and biomedical

• several hours for results. The development of compact and portable miniaturized sensors has enabled the detection of different biomarkers for continuous, real-time human health monitoring [1][2]. Temperature, heart rate, electrical conductivity, dehydration, and glucose are some of the indicators that

• water and remove volatile organic compounds using photocatalysis. The evaporation rate was 2.24 kg·m−2·h−1 [113]. Volatile aldehydes have a negative influence on both human health and the environment. Thus, a quick, simple, and highly accurate method for the simultaneous detection and removal of several

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• statistical nature such as quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) can help to understand the intrinsic features of nanomaterials (NMs) and quantitatively assess their potential risks for human health and the environment [1]. QSARs consist in the construction of mathematical models relating the