Electrochemical sensing of sildenafil in pharmaceutical formulations using an (S,N)-doped reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Ngo Thi Thanh Xuan,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Duc Anh,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Hai Phong,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Lam Son and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1087–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.74

• sensitivity of EDX for the quantitative analysis of light elements, particularly nitrogen in carbon-rich materials, this observation should be regarded as qualitative evidence rather than definitive proof of nitrogen incorporation. Therefore, the presence of nitrogen-containing species is suggested but cannot

• response, whereas the quantitative values shown in Figure 5b were obtained by integrating only the main SDN oxidation peak using Origin software. The contribution of the additional oxidation peak was intentionally excluded from the quantitative analysis. Therefore, although the overall anodic current

Ultrasonic irradiation in the synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite: a chemically friendly technique for improving hemocompatibility and antibiofilm applications

• Juan Mendoza Turmero,
• Cristina Parra Pantoja,
• Marcos Sabino Gutiérrez,
• Milagro Fernández-Delgado,
• Claudia Alvarado-Castillo,
• Damarys Soto Gil,
• María E. Gomes Gomes,
• Yony Gutiérrez Barrios and
• Daniel Suárez Arteaga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 991–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.68

• quantitative analysis of particle size was conducted using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and BET surface area measurements. These findings, along with their corresponding statistical evaluations, are presented and extensively discussed in section “Field emission scanning electron

Enhanced erosion resistance and radiation stability of WC–WO₃ nanocomposite films under 100 keV Kr⁺ ion irradiation

• Shristi Bist,
• Parswajit Kalita,
• Ratnesh K. Pandey,
• Sejal Shah,
• Richa Krishna,
• Umapathy G. R.,
• Sunil Ojha and
• Devesh K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 922–934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.65

• were slightly less than those of the pristine sample, while for higher fluences the width decreased but the height of the peak increased. We performed SIMNRA simulations by fitting the experimentally obtained data for a quantitative analysis of these observations. The W peaks of the resulting simulated

Restorative potential of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles with Salvia officinalis for periodontal disease treatment: an in vitro study

• Jelena Filipović Tričković,
• Sanja Živković,
• Bojana Ilić,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Jelena Marinković,
• Ana Valenta Šobot and
• Miloš Momčilović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 781–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.55

• ) cross-adsorbed secondary antibody, Cyanine3 (Cy3, A10520, Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Type-I collagen was monitored qualitatively using a Zeiss-Axioimager A1 microscope and the ISIS imaging software package. Quantitative analysis of TCC after treatments was assessed using the Total

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• common in adsorption-controlled electrochemical sensing systems. However, a strong linear relationship is still maintained across a wide concentration range, demonstrating the good analytical performance of the proposed sensor for quantitative analysis. The limit of detection (LODCPR) and the limit of

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• sign. For instance, in the normal region, the spatial correlations decay more rapidly when η < 0. In what follows, we present a detailed quantitative analysis of how the decay rate varies as a function of η. The proximity effect is further quantified in Figure 2, which illustrates the suppression of

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• -sample-related contribution, a 3×3 median filter was applied, and all subsequent quantitative analysis was performed on the processed data. Results and Discussion Vibration control strategy in PFT-based multifrequency AFM mode In standard PFT mode, acquiring high-frequency force curves (typically 0.5–2

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• resonance data with contact stiffness, or other mechanical property assessments, very difficult. Thus, our findings show that, while high-fidelity data of the changing oscillatory behavior of AFM cantilevers can be obtained with high sampling rates and subsequent STFT analysis, quantitative analysis is not

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• azidoacetyl-modified A PD-L1-binding ᴅ-peptide before introducing to LNP formulation. The synthesized DSPE-PEG2K-Pep conjugate was incorporated into LNPs at 0.3 mol % for optimal coating saturation. Quantitative analysis showed Pep-LNPs achieved over 85% of surface coverage by DSPE-PEG2K-Pep conjugate without

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• must be clearly distinguished from a rigid substrate used as background. In this case, the thin layer of PLL (1–2 nm) on mica is expected to provide such background. Regions especially crowded with bacteria were intentionally avoided when applying FV. The capacity of AFM as a quantitative analysis tool

Transfer function of an asymmetric superconducting Gauss neuron

• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Aleksander S. Ionin,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Mikhail S. Sidel’nikov,
• Sergey V. Egorov and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1160–1170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.85

• [17][18], we get t = 0.2. Calculations based on Equation 52 give a similar shape of the TF (compared to Figure 6a) at ϕb = 0.3π. Thus, experimental results correspond to the expected ones, and a quantitative analysis shall be the subject of our subsequent publications. The problem with cross-talk

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• Transmission X-ray microscopes (TXMs) are now increasingly used for quantitative analysis of samples, most notably in the spectral analysis of materials. Validating such measurements requires quantitatively accurate models for these microscopes, but current TXM models have only been tested qualitatively. Here

• for TXMs but also identifies two areas for future work that will improve the quantitative analysis of TXM data. First, our finding that both β and δ play a role in TXM imaging highlights the need to investigate to what extent δ influences quantitative analyses such as those in spectromicroscopy that

• (Supporting Information File 1, Section S12) and the non-tilted condenser model was much easier to compute. To enable a more precise quantitative analysis, we first extensively characterized the gold nanospheres by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, Supporting Information File 1

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• and/or alkalinity for the efficient Cs adsorption by SLGO. With regard to the quantitative analysis, it is also noted that SLGO shows high adsorption capacity of Cs. That is, the weight adsorption capacity in the CsCl solution with pH 7 is estimated to be 650–850 mg Cs per 1 g SLGO, which corresponds

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• transient absorption, first through plasmon dampening and with increasing bubble size through the increase in scattering once the bubble reaches some 100 nm in diameter. A quantitative analysis of the change of the TAS signal as compared to Mie calculations can in some cases even reproduce the bubble

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• more in-depth its layered structure, consisting of approximately four layers. Quantitative analysis of SEM and TEM images enabled the determination of the FLG–TA sheets’ average lateral size distribution, presented in Figure 1F, indicating an average lateral size of approximately 2 µm. Note that the

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• ions at different incidence angles and for various irradiation times is investigated using AFM in tapping mode. Si cantilevers with tip radii of 10 nm were employed, with scan rate of 1 µm/s and a fixed scan size of 5 µm × 5 µm. Quantitative analysis of the surface topography was conducted using WSxM

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• of the modified electrode at a varying concentration of lead in (a) canal water, (b) groundwater, (c) water obtained after reverse osmosis (RO) and (d), supply drinking water. Quantitative analysis of lead concentrations in real samples artificially contaminated with lead. Comparison between the

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• Scientific, USA). Interference and quantitative analysis The specificity of SDS detection was evaluated through interference studies in the presence of various metal ions and surfactants. Three experimental groups were established: (1) a control group without added surfactants or metals, (2) a comprehensive

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• of the substrate. A significant change in particle size along with a change in agglomerated particle density occurs with increasing substrate temperature. The surface is free from pinholes and voids, and clusters of particles can be seen. Quantitative analysis of the surface composition was carried

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• exchanged with sodium counter ions. In recent years, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, an optical emission spectroscopic technique, has emerged as a rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis [19]. This spectroscopic technique can be explained by the short-duration, high-intensity pulsed laser being

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• quantitative analysis of the extent of scaling, the samples were weighed before and after exposure to the scaling experiment. The results are summarized in Figure 6D. The gravimetric analysis shows that without the coating, the samples gained 16.3 ± 2.7 mg of calcium carbonate, while SNF-coated samples gained

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• nuclei. Confocal microscopy (Olympus FV-1200 Tokyo, Japan) was used to capture images of cellular uptake, and the mean fluorescence intensity was quantified using Fiji-ImageJ software for semi-quantitative analysis. Evaluation of endosomal escape efficiency through subcellular colocalization analysis In