Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• their mechanical strength and hydrophobicity. Recent studies have revealed that inorganic salt mixtures, such as zinc chloride and calcium chloride, effectively dissolve cellulose, facilitating the fabrication of cellulose membranes for gas separation and organic pollutant removal [38][39]. Specifically

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• distributions indicative of p-i-n junctions in all devices, with a lower CPD on the ETL side where the electrons accumulate under bias. Subtracting the first measurement from the second, we filter out all information from the data that does not pertain to potential changes due to charge separation and

• position of the built-in fields that enable charge separation. These profiles that are being referred to as “electric field difference” are presented in Figure 3i–l. To extract the electric field difference profiles, we applied the following equation: Here, E is the electric field difference, V is the

• -doped HTLs, exhibit one large drop at the perovskite/HTL interface, indicative of the dominant diode junction that exists there. In order to further understand charge separation within the solar cells, we can use these photopotential profiles in order to examine charge extraction and accumulation within

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• the gradient of the energy, WC, stored in the tip–sample capacitor C with respect to the tip–sample separation z, as given by where Vtip−sample specifies the electrical voltage across the tip–sample gap. In conventional EFM with single-frequency excitation, Vtip−sample is given by Equation 2 [18

• together with the parameters of a regular EFM cantilever (NuNano SPARK 70 Pt) and an electrical drive of V = 2 V and a mechanical amplitude of Am = 10 nm. Comparing the graphs, we can immediately see that the total C′ signal retains a significant long-range contribution even at a tip–sample separation of

• total signal at a given distance z. At a typical tip–sample separation of 10 nm, the apex signal makes up more than 82% of the complete C″ signal, while the apex contribution to the first capacitance gradient only makes up less than 10% of the total C′ signal. In closer proximity of 1 nm distance to the

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• . The structural alteration observed, marked by the separation of cells and loss of cohesion between them, compromised the integrity of the pancreatic parenchyma, which may indicate dysfunction in enzyme production and secretion, as well as an exacerbated inflammatory response. In addition, cell

• , 0.25 μm film thickness) was used for compound separation, with helium as a 99.999% pure carrier gas (White Martins SA) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a split/splitless autoinjector. For the analysis, a solution of EOCF was prepared at a concentration of approximately 10 mg/mL using hexane as a solvent

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• could be seen experimentally (black curve of Figure 3), where the cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis shows a large peak-to-peak separation of 0.72 V for the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox pair. This differs significantly from the theoretical 0.057 V peak-to-peak separation in reversible redox processes that involve

• based on electrodeposition of gold nanoflowers increased the current response of the electrode because of the larger electroactive surface area compared to a CSPE (Figure 3). The CV analysis of the AuNFs/CSPE showed a peak-to-peak separation of 0.37 V. This value is smaller than in the commercial CSPE

• largest change in the CV was observed after the functionalization of the AuNFs with 4-ATP through stable Au–S bonds. In this case, the peak-to-peak separation for the 4-ATP/AuNFs/CSPE was 0.16 V, showing that the redox reversibility for the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− pair and the current response of the electrode

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• separation, which aligns with the measured tensile stress. In the nitrogen-implanted films, all peaks are shifted to reduced 2θ values compared to the as-deposited films, indicating compressive stress. Nevertheless, the peak positions for the implanted films shifted towards increasing 2θ values as the film

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• PLL-based system to enhance ribozyme-catalysed RNA recombination and oligonucleotide assembly within peptide–RNA condensates [27]. This work demonstrated that low-molecular-weight PLL (Mw = 1–5 kDa) facilitated charge-mediated phase separation, significantly shifting the reaction equilibrium from RNA

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• ]. The techniques mentioned are expensive, use toxic chemicals, are laborious, and require highly skilled professionals. Apart from that, each method has limitations, such as chromatographic techniques requiring the separation of the target analyte from complex mixtures. The commonly employed ionometric

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• methodology is more rapid and efficient than existing processes because it obviates the heating, cooling, and separation steps of traditional chemical nanoparticle syntheses. It additionally eliminates post-synthetic attachment of catalyst nanoparticles that results in wastage of unattached catalyst material

• surfactant-free gold nanoparticles directly on carbon fiber paper supports by integrating nanoparticle synthesis and attachment, obviating typical laborious nanoparticle synthesis, separation, and immobilization procedures. Pulsed laser-grafted composites exhibited zero measurable charge transfer resistance

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• , phase separation, self-assembly, and electrospinning. Electrospinning is considered the most versatile and widely used technique for nanofiber fabrication, offering greater control over fiber structures, higher productivity, simplicity, lower cost, and potential for industrial use [69][70

• steps but minimizes the risk of incomplete dissolution or phase separation due to different solubility requirements of each polymer [84]. Nevertheless, the instabilities can still occur when blending the two solutions if the solvents are incompatible. Sequential electrospinning Sequential

• central axis, which separates two different solutions into two separate chambers within the nozzle [96]. The two different solutions should possess similar electrical conductivity for the materials to eject as a single jet without any phase separation. This technique can be regarded as a variant of

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• antibiotics, several physical, biological, and chemical methods have been applied [13][18][19]. Various physical wastewater treatment techniques are based on mechanical separation to reduce contaminant levels by relocating rather than degrading antibiotics [7][8][20]. Biological approaches, such as the

• degradation and solid–liquid separation are also commonly used in making the pollutants non-toxic or non-hazardous [13][23]. It should be noted that many of the conventional methods fail in degrading antibiotics completely since most antibiotics are very complex in structure and are even resistant to

• –hole separation. The detailed mechanism of dopant ions in semiconductor materials is shown in Figure 4. Mechanisms of heterojunction photocatalysts Most semiconductor materials are susceptible to electron–hole recombination, which reduces photocatalytic efficacy. As a result, additional efforts must be

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• ) was found to direct both the nanoparticles’ phase selectivity and recovery after cycling. The observed correlations provide potential guidelines for nanoparticle extraction and size separation, relevant for phase transfer and cycling during homogeneous catalysis. Keywords: catalysis; laser ablation

• in liquid; laser synthesis and processing of colloids; phase transfer; size separation; thermomorphic multiphase system; Introduction Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) provides nanoparticles without the need of external surfactants while retaining the initial composition of the educt material in the

• two solvents in both phases could be related to two possibilities. First, the mixing of the solvents affects the phase separation, which was previously associated with a decrease in colloidal stability if the phase separation was too fast. The mixing of the solvents can lead to a faster or slower

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• the gas separation potential of MOF-based MMMs in CO2 capture applications are highlighted. Keywords: CO2 capture; gas separation; inorganic filler; metal-organic framework (MOF); mixed matrix membrane (MMM); Review 1 Introduction The continuous rise in global CO2 emissions has unfolded an era of

• , including regenerative solvent-based absorption [2][6], fixed-bed adsorption [7], cryogenic separation techniques [8], and membrane separation methods [9][10][11][12]. Of these, membrane technology offers advantages such as exceptional stability, high efficiency, low energy consumption, and ease of

• operation [5]. However, a significant drawback of membrane separation is the inherent trade-off between permeability (pressure-normalized flux) and selectivity (αA/B) for gases A and B, as described by the relationship in Equation 1 [5][12][13][14]. where PA is the steady-state permeability of the more

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• and bottom-up and evolved based on real applications by the nanosafety research community. Instance maps for on-the-fly data FAIRification Much of the potential benefit provided by instance maps arises from removing the current separation of data production from data curation, harmonisation, reporting

• differentiate between different types of properties (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). In the NIKC curation efforts, all data were extracted from scientific publications; thus, there was no obvious separation in the eyes of the curator between data produced specifically within a paper (primary data) or data taken

• from this raw data, such as EC50s or metal bioaccumulation rates into organisms. Information regarding the protocols and methods used for data collection and how samples were processed is also attached to the data. For example, soil porewater separation protocols, needed to help generate porewater

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• characteristics of zeolites depend largely on the chemical composition of the framework, specifically the Si/Al ratio [1][2]. These characteristics make zeolites highly appealing for a wide range of applications, including the production of fine chemicals [3][4], gas separation [5][6][7], ion exchange [8][9][10

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• the lipid bilayer, reinforcing the observed differences in their membrane integration and potential membrane modulation effects. The distance plots in Figure 5c,d demonstrate the separation between the center of mass of the POPC and POPG components and the interacting molecules over time. For OLA, a

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• separation of some components from the surface of bio-NPs, probably due to the mechanical action of sucrose particles and clusters on the surface of bio-NPs. It is also possible to suppose chemical interactions of sucrose molecules with surface molecules of bio-NPs. However, we do not have factual data for

• dust-like substance (Figure 6l) were associated. Chylomicrons were observed after all four repetitions of the isolation of bio-NPs on a sucrose gradient from NBS, and the phenomenon of their separation from the surrounding contaminations is unclear. The chylomicrons were identified based on published

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• MassLynx data processing software. Separation was done on a C-18 column (Knauer, Germany, 250 × 4 mm, particle size 4.5 nm) at an elution rate of 1 mL/min with the following gradient elution system: HPLC-grade water with 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (solution A, Carlo Erba, France), acetonitrile (solution B

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• ), with finite states present at the Fermi level (Ef). The dominant energy orbitals in the projected density of states (PDOS) of ψ-graphene and ψ-graphone are the outermost C 2p orbitals. In the fully hydrogenated form, that is, in ψ-graphane, we note a discernible separation of 3.78 eV between the

• applied to ψ-graphone sheets. Beyond the +10% strain level, suddenly, the separation between the bands increases to 2.00 eV, and on further increasing the magnitude of applied positive strain, it reduces to 1.50 eV at +16% strain value. Negative strain A remarkable observation is made regarding the

• electrical properties (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S9 and S10) when ψ-graphone undergoes negative mechanical strain ranging from −1% to −16% in its lattice plane. ψ-Graphone maintains its semiconducting nature within this negative strain range, and random separation is found between the valence

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• research on internal carrier dynamics. Ultrafast photoresponse in the vertical graphene/3R WSe2/graphene heterojunction Theoretically, the OOP polarization in 3R WSe2 accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers, suggesting that the vertical heterojunction may exhibit a fast photoresponse. We

• ultrashort channel length in the vertical direction but also from the OOP polarization of WSe2. In 3R WSe2, polarization accumulates with increasing layer thickness, resulting in a higher polarization value in thicker multilayered 3R WSe2 nanoflakes, which will accelerate the separation of photogenerated

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• regions the critical temperature is different. Furthermore, such a protracted transition can be explained by the effect of phase separation in a film of large size, that is, it becomes superconducting in parts. The film sample C1, unlike samples A1–A4 and B1, shows thermal hysteresis, which is expressed

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• of 190–800 nm, a degreaser (DGU-20A5R), autosampler (SIL-30AD), and quaternary pump (LC-30AD). The separation peak for CTAB was analyzed using HpersilGoldTM C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 10 μm) with a pore diameter of 1.9 μm. The injection volume was 5 µL, and the wavelength was 208 nm for CTAB quantification

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• catalyst is generally associated with low photocatalytic activity. Accordingly, various modifiers of semiconductor nanomaterials are used to enhance separation of the photogenerated charges, causing a corresponding decrease of PL emission. The correlation between photoluminescence and photocatalytic

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• crucial in photogenerated charge separation and adsorption enhancement under UV–vis light. In other words, the ethane productivity of TiO2/Si NWs was five times higher (210 µmol/cm2) than that of pure p-Si NWs (20 µmol/cm2) and glass/TiO2 (30 µmol/cm2). Photocatalytic OCM over TiO2/Si NWs catalysts was