Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• after massive excitation of silver NPs [121]. Also, light emission can be harnessed to access the local temperatures of molecules [122][123] or by using reporter fluorophores that are sensitive on temperature [124]. Structure formation, such as lattice heating, melting, or shape transformations, is

• normally considered to set in with electron thermalization with the lattice. Nevertheless, the hot electron gas can exert structural forces on the lattice even before thermalization. Gold or silver NPs in particular have displayed non-thermal effects upon excitation, such as directed fragmentation or near

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• of Korea 10.3762/bjnano.16.71 Abstract Herein, biowaste- (from Pongammia pinnata leaves) derived carbon dots (CDs) have been utilized as a mediator for the production of silver nanoparticles (PG-CDs-AgNPs) as a superior supercapacitor electrode. The methodology presented here is inexpensive and

• electrodes for energy storing. Keywords: asymmetric supercapacitor; carbon dots; fluorescence emission; green approach; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The extensive usage of fossil fuels is a result from the rising demand for energy. However, the use of fossil fuels is not sufficient to attend the

• synthesized cost-effective carbon-dot- (CD) mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for supercapacitor electrodes. AgNPs have garnered substantial interest due to their capacity to effectively facilitate biological, optical, chemical, electrical, and industrial applications [13][14]. AgNPs are widely utilized

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• as is, and the Si substrate was not removed before SAXS measurements. The sample-to-detector distances ranged between 7.2 and 7.6 m. Data collection was performed using Pilatus 1M and Pilatus 2M detectors during different measurement cycles. A silver behenate (AgBeh) standard was used to calibrate

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• FEL was also exploited to investigate the electron transfer process in a composite plasmonic/semiconductor system, based on silver NPs embedded in a CeO2 film [63]. Pump–probe XANES measurements were performed at the Ce N4,5 edge upon photoexcitation of plasmonic resonances in the metal NPs by visible

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• in the dark and under illumination. Using silver paint (Flash-Dry silver colloidal suspension, SPI® supplies), two contact electrodes with a 4 mm length and a 4 mm distance between them were prepared on the films for electrical measurements. The photoresponse curves were evaluated using light sources

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• neuronal development and embryonic stem cell culturing [161]. For biological applications, electrospun PU nanofibers including antibacterial substances such as silver nanoparticles, 4-vinylpyridine, or streptomycin sulfate were also created. These researches combined the use of wound dressings with the

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• biosensors for early diagnosis and improving the sensitivity of AβO detection. In imaging, nanoparticles (NPs) can help to visualize localized protein accumulation, complementing existing diagnostic methods. Materials such as carbon-based NMs (e.g., graphene oxide) and metal NPs (e.g., gold and silver

• detection and inhibition of AβOs Metal NPs have emerged as pivotal tools in the detection and inhibition of Aβ1–42 oligomers. Their unique optical and electrical properties, particularly those of gold and silver NPs, enhance sensitivity and specificity in identifying the early stages of Aβ aggregation. By

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• as an effective tool. Exposure to 120 MeV silver ion irradiation results in the complete amorphization of the B2 phase in CdO nanoparticles, while the crystalline hexagonal wurtzite phase of zinc oxide (ZnO) remains intact. In contrast, 80 MeV oxygen ion irradiation preserves the B2 phase and

• oxygen ion irradiation, while it entirely disappears with silver ion irradiation, confirming the amorphization of the Zn2SiO4 phase. Complementary observations from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specifically O 1s and Si 2p peaks in XPS spectra, support these findings. Additionally, the track

• diameter in CdO subjected to 120 MeV silver ion irradiation is calculated to be approximately 8 nm using an inelastic thermal spike simulation code. This study elucidates the intriguing reappearance of the B1 phase under oxygen ion irradiation and highlights the radiation stability of the B2 phase through

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• heavy metal lead ions. The prepared lead sensor with ultrahigh sensitivity, based on silver-doped ZnO nanorods (Ag@ZnO NRs), was fabricated and characterized. The morphological, structural, compositional, and optical characteristics of the Ag@ZnO NRs were investigated using a variety of methods after

• the effects of transition metal ions, such as silver, copper, nickel, and manganese on the chemical and physical properties of ZnO nanoparticles. These metal dopants utilize their partially occupied d-electron shells, leading to the presence of unpaired electrons. Out of these metals, silver is

• particularly well-suited for ZnO doping because of its notable characteristics, including strong conductivity, solubility, favorable ionic size, and low orbital energy. These features contribute to the improvement of optical and electrical characteristics of ZnO. The incorporation of silver boosts the mobility

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• tip is washed with isopropanol, then by Milli-Q water and dried with pure nitrogen gas. In the third step, the etched tip is cut to length and glued on by hand with silver epoxy to the free end of the tuning fork prong. Tip lengths are cut to approximately 200 μm to prevent unwanted potential lateral

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• SCSA parametric analyser. For this, equally spaced ohmic contacts were made on the surface of the films using silver paste. The characteristics were recorded in the voltage range from −1 V to 1 V. The I–V characteristics are nearly linear and regular in both positive and negative voltage regions. This

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• exposure to starch-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) [11]. Gemcitabine-encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have been shown to enhance cell death in chemoresistant PANC1 cells, human pancreatic epithelial carcinoma cells [12]. Also, TiO2 nanoparticles can sensitize A549 cells

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• ) to determine the preferred phase (1-nonanol or propylene carbonate) of the colloidal nanoparticles (Figure 1a,b). For gold and silver, the nanoparticles remained in the propylene carbonate phase, which is the more polar phase, while the nanoparticles made by LAL of aluminum and titanium were found to

• noble metals accumulating in the propylene carbonate phase, while base metals gather in the alcohol phase. The origin of this behavior is likely linked to the chemical composition of the nanoparticle surface. In earlier studies, nanoparticles of the more noble metals (gold, silver, and copper) formed by

• formation is to be expected during the ablation of copper compared to gold and silver, which leads to a decreased polarity of the formed nanoparticles and potentially a higher affinity to less polar solvents. However, the base metals (iron, aluminum, and titanium) show a different behavior during LAL in

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• chemical modifications and/or coupling with hydrophilic polymers. TMZ was successfully incorporated in magnetic NPs [36], mesoporous silica NPs [37], and NPs made of silver [38], zinc oxide [39], and gold [40], all of them showing high accumulation in tumor cells and cytotoxic activity in vitro and in vivo

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• ]. In RA, the predominance of M1 macrophages in inflamed joints drives synovitis and cartilage destruction. Yang and colleagues developed folic acid-modified silver nanoparticles (FA-AgNPs) to target M1 macrophages via folate receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once internalized, these NPs scavenged ROS

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• based on differences in the particles’ sulfidation levels [35]. We note that the same reasons underpinned its selection for the discussion of instance maps in [28]. The instance map in Figure 3 delineates all steps of the synthesis of sulfidised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs are synthesised with a

• polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surface by reduction of silver nitrate in ethylene glycol with 10k PVP. The PVP-AgNPs are characterised regarding some of their physical attributes such as the particles’ shape, size, and crystalline phase. The particles are then sulfidised using different specified concentrations of the PVP

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• ʟ-carnosine in synthesizing tunable plasmonic silver nanoparticles (ʟ-car-AgNPs). The formation of ʟ-car-AgNPs was confirmed via UV–vis optical absorption spectroscopy, showing single and double plasmonic peaks, depending on the synthesis conditions. Physicochemical characterization using TEM, FTIR

• with various contaminants. Keywords: catalysis; heavy metals; ʟ-carnosine; p-nitrophenol; silver nanoparticles; Introduction The persistent rise in environmental pollution, notably from heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, has propelled the development of innovative and efficient environmental

• sustainability and public health. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted the interest of researchers worldwide in recent years because of their promising use in environmental chemistry. The unique optochemical properties of AgNPs, including high surface area to volume ratio, optical absorbance, excellent

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• for ways to control these insects, avoiding the use of conventional chemical insecticides that are proven to be toxic to nature. In the last years, there has been growing evidence for the potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to be ecologically benign alternatives to the commercially available

• chemical reduction of metal ions through biological compounds can be used to synthesize non-toxic and environmentally safe “green” insecticide alternatives in the form of metal-based nanoparticles [15]. A promising option are silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained through synthesis from natural extracts

• containing secondary metabolites that act as reducing and stabilizing agents. Among these metabolites, alkanes, aromatics, phenols, ethers, amines, and amides stand out for their role in the reduction, stabilization, and capping of silver nanoparticles [11][16][17][18][19]. Compounds of natural origin are

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• predictive analysis [71]. Moreover, it is tailored to the safe-by-design paradigm, making it an essential tool for future researches [72]. ASCOT (an acronym derived from Ag-Silver, Copper Oxide, Titanium Oxide) is a tool for the automated construction and optimization of molecular structures for, as the name

• suggests, silver, copper oxide, and titanium oxide [73]. ASCOT assists in the generation of high-quality digital twins of materials and the computation of relevant molecular descriptors. Nanotube Modeler is a software tool designed to create three-dimensional coordinates for various nanoscale carbon

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• mechanisms and, consequently, longer life time. Special hairs that may be useful to create surfaces optimized for protection from overheating are those responsible for the silver appearance of the Saharan silver ant Cataglyphis bombycine [51] (Figure 1A). These hairs have a particular, rarely found

• mechanics continues to unlock new possibilities for technological innovation, underscoring the profound impact of nature-inspired designs. Diversity of hymenopteran species showcasing a range of shapes and life strategies. (A) Saharan silver ant (Cataglyphis bombycine) (© 2017 Manuel García-Viñó Sánchez

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• metals and efficient degradation of 4-NP. For enabling linker-free/ligand-free detection of heavy metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-NP, CTAB was engineered as a versatile capping agent on gold and silver nanoparticles. Various factors, including nanoparticle characteristics such as shape, size

• degrading 94.37% of 4-NP within 1 min. In contrast, silver nanospheres effectively detected Hg2+, Cu2+, and Fe3+ at concentrations as low as 1 ppm and degraded 90.78% of 4-NP within 30 min. Moreover, anisotropic gold nanorods (CTAB-AuNR1 and CTAB-AuNR2) showed promising sensing capabilities towards Cu2

• and silver) nanoprobes are emerging as versatile colorimetric and spectrophotometric nanosensors for rapid detection/degradation of heavy metal ions and toxic pollutants that pose a serious challenge to environment and human health. Globally, acceleration of industrial growth and urbanization led to

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• 200 V for 1 h and then the gel was stained with silver nitrate to visualize the bands. PageRuler™ Prestained Protein Ladder (Thermo Scientific) was used as a standard. The DMEM culture medium used for SiO2NP incubation was also added to the gel for comparison purposes. To determine the total protein

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• modalities of actively targeted usNPs and their current applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. 2 Inorganic ultrasmall NPs in cancer nanomedicine Important classes of inorganic usNPs under investigation for cancer nanomedicine include metallic usNPs (gold, silver), oxide and sulfide usNPs (silica

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• offset and ease of synthesis. The front and back contacts are supposed to be ohmic and are made of silver (Ag) to maintain proper band alignment and reduce the band offset. It has been reported that tuning the CBM and VBM positions to keep a low band offset leads to superior device performance. Figure 6b

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• . Experimental Chemicals and materials Commercial p-type Si 3-inch wafers (⟨100⟩ orientation, boron-doped, resistivity = 0.01–1 Ω·cm) were purchased from Silicon Mitus Corporation, South Korea. Silver nitrate (AgNO3, 0.1 M), hydrofluoric acid HF (50 wt %), nitric acid (HNO3, 63%), acetone, and ethanol were