Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• as antioxidant activity through reactions with free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. These mechanisms contribute to reduced oxidative stress and enhanced wound-healing processes [17]. Consequently, curcumin is currently under investigation

• the hydrogels. An oscillatory amplitude sweep was performed over a strain range of 0.1–500% at a constant frequency of 1 Hz to determine the linear viscoelastic region and to estimate the yield stress. Thixotropic behaviour was evaluated using a three-interval thixotropy test (3ITT), conducted as

• using software (Exponent, Stable Micro Systems, Godalming, Waverley, UK) [28]. Photodegradation behaviour Photodegradation analyses were conducted in a mirrored chamber under an UVC lamp for 24 h, and all analyses were done in triplicate. UVC irradiation was selected as a stress condition to perform a

First-principles study on elastic properties of Cu, (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn and interfacial mechanical properties of (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn/Cu in the lead-free solder joint

• Guomin Hua

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 428–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.29

• ductility in terms of elastic moduli. Subsequently, the orientation-dependent Young’s moduli of Cu and (Cu1−xNix)3Sn were calculated. Finally, tensile modulus, ultimate tensile stress, work of adhesion, and interfacial toughness of (Cu1−xNix)3Sn/Cu were calculated based the interface model with the

• thickness of the vacuum layer was 1 nm. Interfacial modulus, ultimate tensile stress, work of adhesion, and the interfacial toughness of (CuxNi1−x)3Sn /Cu interfaces were determined by a tensile test along the direction normal to the interface plane, that is, along the z-axis. During the tensile deformation

• atomic layers, a. Tensile stress was applied along the direction normal to the interface plane, and the relationship between tensile stress and tensile strain of (CuxNi1−x)3Sn/Cu interfaces were calculated (Figure 4b). The tensile modulus, Etensile, was determined as the ratio of the tensile stress to

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• cellular networks (4G/5G) for mobile and satellite communication. This vast number of applications often requires that the active materials possess additional properties beyond good electrical conductivity, such as flexibility, lightness, and resistance to thermal and mechanical stress or chemically harsh

• demanding non-standard shapes that also need to resist thermal and mechanical stress or chemically harsh conditions. Experimental The CNTs were synthesised using a chemical vapour deposition process [26][27][28] with a floating catalyst injection in a quartz tube (60 cm length and 45 mm external diameter

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• stress and trapped charges hinder further ion transport. Together, these effects progressively slow oxidation and ultimately halt growth [48]. This explains why local oxidation experiments on Si report maximum features below 10 nm, while oxide features grown on SiC (with different stoichiometry and

• surfaces), and environmental factors, such as humidity, which can impact reproducibility. LAO-grown oxide is less dense than thermally grown oxide, and mechanical stress between the substrate and oxide layer may lead to defects. In addition, the insulating nature of SiO2 limits its versatility compared to

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• nanoparticles act against viruses involves the interaction with the surface of the NPs, leading to adhesion and inactivation, thereby preventing the virion from entering the host cell. NPs release ions or transfer them to microorganisms, inducing oxidative stress. Given these possible mechanisms, viral

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• wood to withstand high stress. This structural resilience makes wood a versatile material for applications ranging from construction to advanced composites. However, a detailed understanding of how delignification affects softwood tracheid and hardwood fiber morphology is crucial for predicting

• a key role in preventing cell collapse under high tensile stress or/and inner pressure exerted by the water column during transpiration [8]. Wood delignification is a crucial process in various industries, particularly pulp and paper production, biofuel generation, and the development of advanced

• appeared frayed (Figure 1D,E). The tracheid showed a rectangular shape with round lumen in the untreated spruce (Figure 1B), while deformed to rhombus in the delignified spruce. Such deformation was very likely due to the mechanical stress applied on the sample during experimental preparation (Figure 1H

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• for rapid adjustments to nanomaterial formulations or processing parameters in response to emerging safety or efficacy concerns. By simulating how nanomaterials behave across varying operational scenarios – incorporating factors like temperature, pH, or mechanical stress – digital twins will

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• the analysis of the statue of Darius from Susa, in modern Iran [13]. The statue was found in Egypt in 1972, and was then transferred to Teheran, Iran. The paper by Shahrokh reveals how a combination of natural wear, such as erosion and structural stress, and anthropogenic damage, including the loss of

• transparency; however, several limitations can be highlighted. The resins are not always compatible with metal patina [49] and are also easily prone to yellowing due to ageing from ultraviolet (UV) radiation or thermal stress [50], while the waxes guarantee a protection from corrosion, but only in the early

• ICOM preventive conservation criteria. Substrate characteristics determine not only how the coating adheres, but also how easily it can be removed, how stable it remains under environmental stress, and whether it alters the optical appearance of the surface. These considerations are particularly

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• strength provides a practical framework for characterizing NP/substrate interactions. Such understanding is essential for developing reliable NP coatings, where adhesion directly influences coating stability, uniformity, and functional performance under varying environmental and mechanical stress

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• range was chosen because (i) it remains below the high-stress temperature threshold of C. elegans (>35 °C) [53] and (ii) it falls within the linear, high-sensitivity region of the NaYF4:Yb/Er nanoparticle thermometric response (20–100 °C) [44]. The black diamonds denote the combined mean values of both

• millisecond-scale slice acquisition inherent to LSFM make real-time thermometry in living organisms entirely feasible. This capability would enable monitoring metabolic or stress-induced temperature fluctuations at the single-organ level and evaluating thermal side effects of optogenetic, photothermal, or

• metabolism to organ-specific stress responses. Characteristic UC fluorescent emission spectra of NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ in the green region when irradiated with 980 nm laser light. Insets: UC process scheme (right). Schematic representation of the energy transfer between Yb3+ and Er3+ ions and the UC emission in an

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• they induce oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, and inflammation [8][9]. This has raised concerns regarding their use in clinical applications, leading researchers to develop alternative, non-toxic substitutes for Co-based nanoparticles. In this context, manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) has been identified

• high SAR values, cobalt-containing nanoparticles are not suitable for biomedical applications due to the well-known cytotoxicity of cobalt ions. Studies have shown that cobalt ions released from nanoparticles can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage, which limits their use in

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• insights into gel behaviour under mechanical stress, did not reliably capture the morphology of the hydrated gel in its native state. These results show the limitations of using low quantum yield fluorophores like ZnPc for CLSM analysis of supramolecular hydrogels. DPP-BC@Gel In general, DPP dyes are

• exist [37][38]) for the morphological analysis of soft materials, particularly where fluorophore properties or sample preparation requirements might obscure key features in a single modality. Moreover, the results stress the importance of fluorophore selection in CLSM studies of supramolecular systems

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• ]. This water-soluble micronutrient is essential for improving brain and nervous system functions, blood cell development, bone health improvement, energy and DNA production, fertility and embryo development, control of neurological symptoms (e.g., stress, depression, dementia, and visual disturbances

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• -altitude lakes, where particles accumulate in the gut and gill tissues and interfere with normal physiological functions [113]. The low molecular weight of MPs, and particularly nanoparticles (NPs), allows them to easily translocate into organs and tissues resulting in inflammation, oxidative stress, and

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• of the MEgel could not be determined. However, NaCMC solutions exhibit negligible surface activity and typically maintain surface tension values close to that of water [48]. Rheological analysis Rheological profiling provides key insights into the behavior of formulations under applied stress or

• . Accordingly, the microemulsions were evaluated for their shear stress and viscosity at both room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and skin temperature (32.5 ± 2 °C). Microemulsions can exhibit diverse rheological behaviors depending on their type, structure, droplet density, and interdroplet interactions [49]. As

• . Shear stress and viscosity profiles of (A) the base microemulsion, and (B) the gelled microemulsion at 25 and 32.5 °C. Mitochondrial activity of (A) RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and (B) HUVECs after 24 h and 48 h of exposure to different concentrations of the microemulsion, assessed by the MTT assay

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• novel antimicrobial agents. Nanoparticle therapy is emerging as a prominent avenue toward that end [8]. Free radicals represent an important focus in pharmacological research. The severity of oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS

• ) and the activity of the organism’s antioxidative defense systems, is associated with various pathologies such as cancer, aging, and cardiovascular diseases [9]. Some anti-pathological responses of nanoparticles are mediated through increased production of ROS and induction of oxidative stress. This

• nanoparticles [44][45]. Cell inhibition in cell lines can be attributed to intracellular accumulation of nanoparticles leading to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and necrosis [46]. The findings of this investigation demonstrate that NCs exhibit a substantially lower inhibitory effect on healthy cell lines

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• the purity of the NMs and remove any impurities before their use, such as CCFs [43]. Studies have shown that CCFs can induce oxidative stress and inflammation in cells, potentially leading to cellular damage and toxicity [44]. The potential toxicity of CCFs is a concern in the field of CNM research

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• mesh at the end of the spatulae were also removed to be replaced by molecular spatulae models. Table 1 lists the parameters and values used to construct the continuum part of the model. The finite element mesh response was governed by linear isotropic elasticity, with the stress–strain relationship

• given by Hooke’s law [36][37]: where σ is the Cauchy stress tensor, ε is the infinitesimal strain tensor, tr(ε) denotes the trace of the strain tensor, I is the second-order identity tensor, and λ and μ are the Lamé parameters defined as: with E being Young’s modulus and ν Poisson’s ratio. The real seta

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• stress, being easily degradable or evaporated upon exposure to air, light, heat, and humidity during processing, use, or storage [27][28]. Their volatile nature, susceptibility to oxidation, and insolubility in water limit their industrial application [29]. To overcome these limitations

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• in the literature [28][29][30]. The main limitation to the internal quality factor of our microwave resonators is the highly disordered low-stress Si–N layer, which causes significant dielectric losses [31]. As discussed above, the figure of merit of a displacement detector should be evaluated with

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• the threads under wave-induced stress, thereby allowing the byssus to function as both an adhesive and a shock-absorbing tether [7]. Mussel adhesives are difficult to re-create either synthetically or recombinantly [8], the latter due largely to difficulties associated with post-translational

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• water, affecting microbial communities and bioaccumulating in food chains, as shown in the study by Yang and colleagues [110]. Carbon-based nanomaterials, like GO, have the potential to react with biological systems, causing oxidative stress in aquatic organisms by generating reactive oxygen species