Sustainable fabrication of 2D-based devices through reuse of substrates with microfabricated electrodes

• Ying Zhang,
• Yigit Sozen,
• Esteban Zamora-Amo,
• Thomas Pucher,
• Nuria Jiménez-Arévalo,
• Zdenek Sofer,
• Yong Xie and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 818–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.58

• ][2][3][4]. Creating these microelectronic devices requires access to highly specialized infrastructure like cleanrooms and trained personnel [5][6][7]. Consequently, research groups focused on nanomaterials synthesis may lack the resources to integrate their novel nanomaterials into microelectronic

Glycerol photoelectrochemical oxidation reaction at carbon nitrides/BiVO₄ materials

• Charles Garcia da Cunha,
• Isabelle M. D. Gonzaga,
• Cristian Hessel,
• Izadora F. Reis,
• Ivo F. Teixeira,
• Lucia H. Mascaro and
• Elton Sitta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 806–817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.57

• BiVO4 synthesis, as indicated by thermogravimetric analysis. These findings highlight the dual importance of electronic compatibility and thermal resilience of CN materials in designing efficient heterojunction photoanodes for biomass-assisted hydrogen production. Keywords: biomass valorization

• [6]. These strategies include the synthesis of new photocatalysts, such as metal oxides, doped oxides, heterojunctions, and protective layers to enhance charge transfer at both interfaces and in the bulk, thereby lowering the activation energy barriers [7]. In this sense, bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has

• , unlike the neutral PCN, which enhances their interactions with various substrates and expands their potential applications. A key factor in achieving superior crystallinity of PHI and PTI is ionothermal synthesis, where the use of salts facilitates a well-ordered molecular arrangement and minimizes

Restorative potential of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles with Salvia officinalis for periodontal disease treatment: an in vitro study

• Jelena Filipović Tričković,
• Sanja Živković,
• Bojana Ilić,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Jelena Marinković,
• Ana Valenta Šobot and
• Miloš Momčilović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 781–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.55

• local damage, systemic associations highlight the urgent need for innovative therapies. Herein, we present an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by picosecond pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), using Salvia officinalis aqueous extract (sage extract) as both medium and stabilizer

• . AgNPs were synthesized at two laser pulse energies (2 and 6 mJ), in sage extract and deionized water, and characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Synthesis at 6 mJ in sage extract (SageAgNPs6mJ) yielded

• ; silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); Introduction Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a promising nanotechnology with numerous biomedical applications, especially in the field of tissue restoration and regeneration [1]. The most commonly used methods in AgNP synthesis are (i) chemical methods, which

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• -electron contribution of platinum, which suppresses plasmonic oscillations. The obtained results demonstrate that thermally activated dewetting enables the synthesis of homogeneous Ag–Pt nanoalloys at the nanoscale, both in volume and on the surface of nanostructures, overcoming miscibility limitations of

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• secondary phases (e.g., CuO or Cu2O) [11]. Thus, establishing an atmosphere-controlled synthesis route is critical for producing single-phase Cu-containing spinel oxides with reliable and optimized electrocatalytic properties. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of Cu–Rh bimetallic single-phase spinel

• synthesis parameters were kept identical to those described above (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). These results highlight that phase evolution is governed by the interplay between overall oxygen concentration and transient local redox environments during precursor decomposition, and that precise

• CuRh2O4 nanofibers exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction in 1 M NaOH. This study highlights oxygen-atmosphere engineering as a critical parameter for the reproducible synthesis and performance optimization of Cu-based spinel oxide electrocatalysts for alkaline

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• from synthesis and characterisation to practical deployment and ecotoxicological assessment. The AgNP-based systems are evaluated regarding antimicrobial disinfection, adsorptive and catalytic/photocatalytic removal of persistent organic pollutants, and integration into antifouling nanofiltration and

• five transduction modalities, including colourimetric/UV–vis LSPR, SERS, electrochemical, fluorometric, and gas sensing, covering a broad range of analytes considered as environmental pollutants. Key challenges, including nanoparticle aggregation, long-term colloidal instability, synthesis

• the responsible, scalable application of AgNP-based technologies to address contemporary environmental challenges. Keywords: AgNPs; air application; environmental pollutants; soil applications; synthesis; water application; Review 1 Introduction Environmental pollution has intensified globally due

Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• between the distributions. This consistent brightness across both dFONs validates the bottom-up synthesis design. Observation of the saturation and two-photon absorption cross section Following the identification of individual nanoparticles, the laser focus was then maintained on each nanoparticle while

• faster photobleaching rate, as confirmed by direct time-resolved measurements and their quadratic dependence on excitation power. Together, these results validate the bottom-up design strategy used for nanoparticle synthesis and highlight the trade-off between absorption efficiency and photostability

• . Such insights are essential for optimizing fluorophore-based nanoparticles in nonlinear microscopy and other bioimaging applications where brightness and stability must be carefully balanced. Experimental Nanoparticle preparation The synthesis and characterization of the dyes are described in details

Protein-based custom-designed molecular nanotraps for biomedical applications

• Devid Maniglio,
• Alice Marinangeli and
• Alessandra Maria Bossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 683–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.47

• polymer matrices that closely mimic natural recognition entities [2]. MIP technology is a strategy specifically designed to mold selective binding sites in a material through a template-assisted synthesis [3]. The specific recognition is achieved through a polymer synthesis that occurs in the presence of

• as MIP NPs or nanoMIPs [4]. The state of the art in the synthesis of nanoMIPs largely relies on acrylamides, acrylates, and methacrylates as building blocks, forming de facto plastic antibodies [4]. Plastic nanoMIPs perfectly fit in assays and sensing devices for their robustness and long-term

• , as building blocks for the synthesis of imprinted bioderived materials was proposed, referring to them as bioMIPs [5][6]. Imprinting with biopolymers, such as proteins, could revolutionize the field and, ultimately, shape a new class of therapeutics and medical devices. The bioMIPs, by being fully

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• -indacene and its derivatives) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] have attracted considerable interest due to their advantageous properties, including strong light absorption, facile synthesis, and high structural tunability [14][15][16]. Yet, the main design strategy for photosensitizing BODIPYs is to incorporate

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• more than 10 µm long and 2–20 µm wide [22]. At the nanoscale, cellulose is transformed into nanocellulose, which includes CNCs produced by acid hydrolysis and typically measuring 50–500 nm in length and 2–20 nm in width, as well as BC, which forms through bacterial synthesis and shows high

• extraction methods, we must transition from a small-scale synthesis to commercial manufacturing that requires balancing yield and particle quality against environmental impact, reagent costs, and energy consumption. Despite its significant environmental drawbacks, sulfuric acid hydrolysis remains the major

• enhancing charge-transfer dynamics [89]. Recently, nanocellulose has emerged as a promising support material for the synthesis of metal, metal oxide, and non-metallic nanoparticles, and when these components are combined, they often act synergistically to enhance photodegradation processes. Noble and

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• Techniques, Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 10.3762/bjnano.17.43 Abstract This study presents a novel, chemical-free approach for the synthesis of Ag-modified TiO2 (Ag@TiO2) nanoparticles by combining the two laser-based ablation techniques pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and

• suppression of electron–hole recombination, allowing for more effective utilization of the solar spectrum. Accordingly, Ag@TiO2 nanostructures, especially those obtained through controlled synthesis, represent highly promising candidates for photocatalytic environmental remediation processes induced by

• visible light, such as water treatment and degradation of organic contaminants [10][11][12]. Among various synthesis techniques, laser-based methods, such as pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) and laser pyrolysis, stand out as clean, efficient, and surfactant-free routes for fabricating Ag@TiO2

Towards targeted drugs and next generation of nanomedicines

• Anna Salvati,
• Silvia Giordani and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 598–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.41

• , synthesis and functionalization of nanobiomaterials, nanotechnology applied to therapy and medical diagnostics, and pharmaceutical nanotechnology. The collected articles and contributions provide a broad overview on recent advances in the field within the aforementioned topics. Additionally, it includes

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

• of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4745, USA 10.3762/bjnano.17.38 Keywords: colloidal nanoparticles; green synthesis of nanoparticles; laser ablation in liquids; laser

• –matter interactions; laser processing in liquids; In the ever-evolving landscape of materials science and nanotechnology, laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has emerged [1] as a powerful and versatile technique for producing high-purity, surfactant-free nanoparticles from a wide range of

• materials, including metals [2][3], oxides [4][5], semiconductors [6][7], and organics [8][9]. In addition, LSPC enables the synthesis of multicomponent nanomaterials, such as binary [10][11], ternary [12][13], and compositionally complex alloys [14][15], with a high degree of control over their composition

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• lattice and the effects on photocatalytic performance have been reported in several studies [7][8][9][10]. Crucial factors for successfully co-doping a material are the selection of compatible co-dopants and the synthesis method to introduce the dopants [11]. The main objective of working with metal/metal

• , there is no report in the literature about the specific photocatalysts Cu–Mo/TiO2 and Co–Mo/TiO2. However, due to the promising effects reported and previously described, the use of the metals Cu, Co, and Mo was considered for the synthesis of two photocatalytic systems. The synergetic strategy of co

• the doping of TiO2 can be done during its synthesis or through an impregnation technique, which is a very simple method that does not require high energy consumption. In addition, the transition metal precursors are relatively inexpensive, which makes these materials more attractive to be used in

Advances in nanotechnology applied to natural products

• Douglas Dourado,
• Fábio Rocha Formiga,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar and
• Franceline Reynaud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 555–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.36

• , hybrid, and inorganic platforms, reflecting the interdisciplinarity of the field, from nanosystem synthesis and physicochemical characterization to biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and environmental applications. Among the nanostructures, lipid-based carriers, including nanoemulsions, microemulsions

• nanomaterials, particularly metallic nanoparticles. Metallic nanoparticles, typically defined as structures with diameters between 1 and 100 nm, exhibit distinctive electrical, optical, and magnetic properties that support a broad range of applications [26]. They can be obtained via green synthesis using

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• levels were prepared using a mixture of acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and boric acid, with pH adjusted using 0.2 M NaOH solution. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), MIL-101, and MIL-101/rGO Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from natural graphite using a modified Hummers’ method, as described in

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• properties of QDs such as absorption wavelength are collective properties of the entire system and are primarily determined by the particle size [8]. Advances in synthesis techniques have allowed for precise control over QD size, making these properties reliably tunable [9]. Other properties, such as

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• of transforming agroindustrial waste into high-value graphene-based nanomaterials and highlight the potential of sustainable synthesis routes for advancing environmentally responsible carbon-based technologies. Keywords: agroindustrial waste; gold nanoparticles; graphene oxide; green synthesis

• -friendly feedstocks for the synthesis of carbon-based materials. Also, the coffee industry, a major global agro-industry, generates over 23 million tons of waste annually from its production and consumption chains [26]. Coffee by-products include husks, pulp, mucilage, parchment, silverskin, and spent

• technologies. Materials and Methods Materials For the synthesis of GO and rGO, all solvents and chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Graphite was purchased from Bay Carbon, Inc. Biomass collection and pre-treatment Peanut shells were obtained from peanuts collected

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• graphene or h-BN) defect formation energies prevent low defect concentrations in monolayer sheets? How can synthesis methods for monolayer materials be modified to control defect species and concentration? We note that, in TMDs, not only chalcogen vacancies, but also transition metal vacancies and

• a comparison to the theory difficult. A possible solution is to use a different strategy: For systematic studies of the thermodynamic conditions (background pressure and temperature), synthesis systems need to be developed that allow to vary these conditions (partial pressures of the constituents

• structures compared to those for isolated vacancies [41]. The complexity of defects and the large number of systems means that the discovery of such new materials relied mostly on “accidental” experimental observations. Under most synthesis conditions, the phases with the lowest formation enthalpy are formed

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• standards to facilitate interoperability [13]. Punz et al. presented a practical approach to capturing both nanomaterials and data provenance, via the InstanceMaps tool, which allows users to document research workflows of increasing complexity, including documentation of: (i) synthesis, functionalisation

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• capabilities. For instance, membranes from CAR-T cells or stem cells engineered to overexpress homing receptors can be used to create BNPs that efficiently recognize and bind to tumor cells or inflamed tissues, minimizing off-target effects and systemic toxicity [71][72]. Post-synthesis surface modification is

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• zeolites, unlike synthetic analogues, do not require expensive chemical raw materials and energy-intensive stages of hydrothermal synthesis. The main costs of their exploitation are associated with extraction and mechanical processing, which significantly reduces the cost of the final product. At the same

Polycatecholamine nanocoatings on stainless steel: the effect on attachment of human fibroblasts and platelets

• Paulina Trzaskowska,
• Ewa Rybak,
• Maciej Trzaskowski,
• Kamil Kopeć,
• Jakub Krzemiński,
• Rafał Podgórski,
• Hatice Genc,
• Mehtap Civelek and
• Iwona Cicha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 365–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.25

• Fenton-type reaction for PTYR synthesis and previously optimized conditions for PDA deposition [12][27]. We compared the physicochemical properties of these coatings and evaluated their effects on L929 fibroblasts, human dermal fibroblasts, and human platelets. By directly comparing PDA with the much

• used atmospheric oxidation (because the amount of oxidant in the solution is not limited by its dissolution) and allows for precise control over coating uniformity and thickness at the nanoscale. Also, for the synthesis of PTYR coatings, there is a limitation in the substrate availability for the

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• sponge (CNS) [23], was applied as active medium for the fabrication of antennas [24]. The material consists of highly interconnected MWCNTs that are assembled during the synthesis process and confer the material its 3D shape. In addition, the assembly has interesting macroscopical properties like high

• comparable to similar measurements reported in the literature, but located at a different frequency [17][18][19]. This observed discrepancy can be ascribed to differences in the synthesis parameters (e.g., temperature, precursors, solvents, and use of a substrate) and the choice of the substrate [16]. In our

• interference due to the absence of a substrate. The 3D CNT structures can be produced through a facile low-cost synthesis process; due to the high flexibility, light weight, and good conductivity, they represent a novel material that can be exploited for integration into small devices and other applications

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• 10.3762/bjnano.17.22 Abstract Nanoparticle synthesis via pulsed laser ablation in liquids has gained prominence as a versatile and environmentally friendly approach for producing ligand-free colloids with controlled composition, size, and morphology. While pulsed laser ablation in liquids offers

• highlighted, offering a comprehensive perspective on the future of this dynamic field. Keywords: green nanoparticles synthesis; PLAL; production upscale; pulsed laser ablation in liquids; size control; spatial beam shaping; temporal beam shaping; Review Introduction Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL

• ) [1][2][3][4][5] is an increasingly employed nanoparticle synthesis technique, first established in the 1990s [6][7]. This method involves focusing high-energy laser pulses onto a solid target submerged in a liquid medium [8]. As the laser interacts with the target, it triggers rapid ionisation