Self-assembly mechanism of Ni nanowires prepared with an external magnetic field

• Xiaoyu Li,
• Hu Wang,
• Kenan Xie,
• Qin Long,
• Xuefei Lai and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2123–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.217

• , corresponding to Figure 5a and Figure 5b, respectively, can be called the first stage. Nanoparticles are mainly affected by Brownian motion and electrostatic repulsive force in this stage because the magnetic interaction between nanoparticles is too weak to overcome the molecular resistance of the solvent since

• as magnetic interaction between magnetic dipoles, van der Walls forces, the molecular resistance of the solvent, Brownian motion and electrostatic repulsive forces. Therefore, the critical size of self-assembly is closely related to the magnetic field strength and temperature of the reaction system

Structural, optical, opto-thermal and thermal properties of ZnS–PVA nanofluids synthesized through a radiolytic approach

• Alireza Kharazmi,
• Nastaran Faraji,
• Roslina Mat Hussin,
• Elias Saion,
• W. Mahmood Mat Yunus and
• Kasra Behzad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 529–536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.55

• of the nanofluid was found to have a higher value than that of PVA due to the Brownian motion, convection, and heat diffusion in the presence of ZnS NPs [14]. The thermal conductivity of ZnS–PVA nanofluids decreases from lower to higher irradiation doses, as shown in Figure 7a. This decrement is

Influence of spurious resonances on the interaction force in dynamic AFM

• Luca Costa and
• Mario S. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 420–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.42

• is more complicated in the case of beam deflection because Equation 14 is more difficult to analyze. The values of Ax and Ab, or their ratios, are not acquired from a conventional analysis of the transfer function nor from fitting the Brownian motion of the cantilever. One could perhaps use the

• Brownian motion shown in Figure 4a. The resulting r* and are listed in Table 1 together with r and values obtained from the analysis of the Brownian motion. This result shows that the change in amplitude and phase due to the interaction force were about the same, regardless of the presence of spurious

• by Equation 15. For 0 < α < 1, the solution lies somewhere between that given by Equation 6 and Equation 15. The red curve shows the solution for α = 2. Characterization of a tip–sample electrostatic interaction at resonance (gray) and off resonance (red and brown). a) Cantilever Brownian motion; b

The fate of a designed protein corona on nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

• Denise Bargheer,
• Julius Nielsen,
• Gabriella Gébel,
• Markus Heine,
• Sunhild C. Salmen,
• Roland Stauber,
• Horst Weller,
• Joerg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 36–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.5

• of particles <10 nm is more and more balanced by shear forces due to Brownian motion with the consequence of detachment of proteins. The authors explained their finding with a heteroaggregation model in which a low number of SPIOs is stabilized between layers of proteins. In our FPLC study we do not

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• collective changes in the cell–substrate distance [29]. The time series of impedance fluctuations is subject to a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) showing a power law behavior (|Z(ω)| ≈ ω−β) with an exponent, β > 2, indicative of fractional Brownian motion, that is, long memory behavior (long correlation

The impact of the confinement of reactants on the metal distribution in bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized in reverse micelles

• Concha Tojo,
• Elena González and
• Nuria Vila-Romeu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1966–1979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.206

• composed by Au and Pt atoms). The movement of micelles is assumed to be governed by Brownian motion. Two different strategies have been tested to simulate the movement and collisions of micelles. In the first one, micelles diffuse on a square lattice by performing random walks to contiguous lattice sites

• decreases as the Au salts are finished. Some time is needed to reach the intermicellar control. At the beginning of the synthesis, microemulsions containing the reactants are mixed. Due to Brownian motion, micelles collide with each other, but only collisions between one micelle containing Au salt (M-Au

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• over time and the analysis of the self-correlated data yields information about the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the sample. The fluctuations in scattering intensity initially originate from the Brownian motion of the particles [24][25]. For data analysis, these fluctuations are transferred to the

Influence of surface-modified maghemite nanoparticles on in vitro survival of human stem cells

• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Lyubov L. Lukash,
• Tetiana A. Ruban,
• Yurii N. Kolomiets,
• Svitlana P. Shpylova and
• Oksana A. Grypych

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1732–1737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.183

• magnetization. This is proven by the quick separation of such particles in a magnetic field and the easy redispersion by Brownian motion into a liquid medium after removing the magnet. It is obvious that the colloidal stability of the particles is a prerequisite to their biomedical applications. Thanks to the

Antimicrobial properties of CuO nanorods and multi-armed nanoparticles against B. anthracis vegetative cells and endospores

• Pratibha Pandey,
• Merwyn S. Packiyaraj,
• Himangini Nigam,
• Gauri S. Agarwal,
• Beer Singh and
• Manoj K. Patra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.91

• compared to shaking at 150 rpm. Probably the cells and nanoparticles collide to each other due to Brownian motion and electrostatic attraction between positively charged CuO nanoparticle surfaces and negatively charged bacterial cells. Though no independent measurement of zeta potential has been carried

Probing the plasmonic near-field by one- and two-photon excited surface enhanced Raman scattering

• Katrin Kneipp and
• Harald Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 834–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.94

• approx. 10 nL, these low-concentration SERS spectra are “many molecule spectra” and were collected from ca. 6 000 (spectrum a) and 6 molecules (spectrum b). The silver nanoaggregates move in and out of the probed volume because of Brownian motion. However, for the applied probed volumes (≥10 nL) the

3D nano-structures for laser nano-manipulation

• Gediminas Seniutinas,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Gediminas Gervinskas,
• Etienne Brasselet and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 534–541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.62

• later even objects of single-protein size [8]. When nanometer-sized objects are handled by this technique, the trapping force weakens and the trap loses stability due to Brownian motion. This forces the laser intensity to be increased up to the point where damage occurs to the delicate biomaterials

• , which are back-scattered by the particle (proportional to α″), and generate a potential minimum low enough to curb the combined effect of gravity, buoyancy, and the Brownian motion of the particle [20]. The polarizability of the nano-materials determines the sign of the force: metallic-like particles

• force in the nano-wells is about one hundredth, and the stiffness is about one tenth, in comparison to the original SIBA trapping-substrate [9]. Yet, they are still significantly stronger than the maximum force given by Brownian motion. However, there is a significant benefit in that the nano-wells trap

Analysis of fluid flow around a beating artificial cilium

• Mojca Vilfan,
• Gašper Kokot,
• Andrej Vilfan,
• Natan Osterman,
• Blaž Kavčič,
• Igor Poberaj and
• Dušan Babič

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 163–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.16

• = 40° and increasing the tilt angle θ, an increase in pumping velocity is observed, as shown in Figure 2c and Figure 2d. In Figure 2c, a larger area was mapped. The motion of the more distant particles is governed by Brownian motion, as can be seen from the relatively small velocities of the tracer

Current-induced dynamics in carbon atomic contacts

• Jing-Tao Lü,
• Tue Gunst,
• Per Hedegård and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 814–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.90

• ions coupled to the electron gas if we assume a linear coupling to the electronic environment: Either in the displacement from an equilibrium or in the velocity (adiabatic expansion) of the ions. This Langevin/Brownian motion approach to atomic scattering at metal surfaces has a rather long history in

Tip-sample interactions on graphite studied using the wavelet transform

• Giovanna Malegori and
• Gabriele Ferrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.21

• force, and Q to the energy dissipation [2][6]. The thermal motion (or Brownian motion) of the cantilever’s tip is connected to the local mechanical compliance via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The cantilever thermal fluctuations are modified by the tip-surface interaction forces: monitoring these

• subject to thermal fluctuations while approaching the surface. Figure 6 shows the scalogram of a 40 ms sampling of the cantilever Brownian motion around its instantaneous equilibrium position while the piezo scanner is displaced at constant velocity to move the tip towards the surface, until it jumps to

• and topography is compatible with 1–30 ms/pixel data acquisition times required for practical DFS imaging. Conclusion The interaction of an AFM cantilever tip with a graphite sample is measured by applying the wavelet transform analysis to its Brownian motion near the surface. The wavelet transform