Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• disintegration of rhodamine B using UV light. The experimental results clearly confirmed that silver ion implantation led to a significant reduction in the surface electrical resistance of both GO and PI. Simultaneously, an enhancement of photocatalytic activity was observed, demonstrated by a faster degradation

• of 3.75 × 1012 cm−2 led to a smoothing of the surface, which was reflected by a decrease in RMS to 102 nm and in Ra to 73 nm. At medium fluence of 3.75 × 1014 cm−2, the RMS increased slightly to 121 nm and the Ra to 96 nm, and these changes are not as pronounced as at lower energies. This suggests

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• administration [32]. The ionic interaction between alginate and chitosan, forming smart, pH-sensitive polyelectrolytic nanocomposites [147], recently led Silvestre et al. [99] to encapsulate curcumin within alginate–chitosan NPs. Curcumin, a hydrophobic molecule that degrades rapidly under alkaline conditions

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• researchers have led to the development of a noninvasive esophageal cancer screening method utilizing cfDNA methylation analysis [16]. While this innovation addresses the critical need for population-scale screening in China, its widespread implementation may be constrained by substantial economic costs

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• confirmed efficient surfactant coverage. Further lecithin additions, such as in O/W(L-4%) and O/W(L-5%), led to free micelle formation due to surfactant excess, resulting in smaller droplets but multimodal distributions. Similar results were reported in previous studies that reported the influence of

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• working range of APXPS. Time-resolved APXPS has proven especially powerful for studying the initial ALD cycles, where the chemical interactions at the surface are most critical [54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. At MAX IV, the SPECIES beamline has led the development of ALD studies using APXPS. A dedicated

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• technological development and an interdisciplinary approach have led to the more widespread implementation of these natural products in pharmaceutical research, as they are preferred for their favorable therapeutic efficacy, low adverse effects, and cost-effectiveness compared to synthetic products [43][44][45

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• of photo-induced charge carriers [98]. Tofa et al. [99] studied the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanorods for breaking down LDPE, a common microplastic found in wastewater. Experimental results led to the proposal of a detailed degradation pathway. The process initiates when hydroxyl and superoxide

• -noise ratio and is affected by surface fluorescence from the samples, making careful sample preparation essential before analysis [134]. In recent years, advancements in MPs research have led to the development of innovative analytical tools for their detection, such as digital holography, scanning

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• graded materials, it was the thinner beams that initiated failure and then led to complete failure. From the graded to the inversely graded metamaterial, there was a shift from the very thin beams at the very edge to the second row where the beams were already somewhat thicker. This shows that, although

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• magnetization vector, the formation of domains of approximately the same size with antiparallel spin distribution was not observed. The predominant orientation of magnetic moments of cobalt atoms in a certain direction led to bursts and jumps in the values of individual components (x, y, z) of the magnetization

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

• ]. Indeed, the versatility of this coupling reaction has led to numerous reports of its use with IONPs, through surface functionalization with either thiols or maleimides [10][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The IONP surface can also be capped with disulfide ligands, such as glutathione disulfide (GSSG

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• nanoparticles (MoO3 NPs) prepared by PLAL were employed to process uniform thin films of MoO3 in large areas with controllable thickness using ultrasonic spray deposition method for photovoltaic applications. Depositing thin films led to changes in morphology and particle size due to nanoparticle coalescence

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• enhancement factor of 1.15 × 106, enabling detection limits down to 10−9 M. These findings demonstrate that green LED-mediated synthesis provides a simple, environmentally friendly route to fabricate high-yield AgNPrs with superior SERS capabilities, suitable for ultrasensitive chemical and biological sensing

• -MBA) as a probe molecule. In this study, AgNPrs were synthesized photochemically using green LED 10 W irradiation. Seeds were prepared using 1 mM AgNO3 and stabilized with a trisodium citrate (TSC)/AgNO3 molar ratio of 5. Physicochemical analyses confirmed the successful formation of AgNPrs with high

• ) irradiating the seeds with green LEDs to form AgNPrs with the aid of ʟ-arginine (L-A) [9]. Due to the different SPR properties between AgNPs and AgNPrs, the morphological transformation of silver nanostructures in sample can be observed through UV–vis spectra in Figure 2. After 6 h of LED irradiation, the UV

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• increased from 300 to 800 °C [37]. However, [38] reported contrasting trends in commercial corn straw biochar, where increasing thermolysis temperatures led to a significant decrease in surface area from 808.3 to 177.5 m2·g−1, while the bulk density increased from 0.059 to 0.121 g·cm−3. Similarly, biochar

• , enhanced diffusion, surface adsorption, and cation–π electron interactions were observed at 550 °C in Polygonum amphibium L. biochar. However, pyrolysis temperatures above 550 °C led to reduced stability [42]. Similarly, pyrolysis at 700 °C can increase SSA but may degrade oxygen-containing functional

• processes such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and galactose metabolism [53]. For instance, high rubber-MP dosages (10% MPs) led to significant reductions in both shoot and root biomass in peanuts after 48 days of growth [52]. Similarly, adding 1% polypropylene (PP) to soil during chili cultivation reduced

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• themselves through plasmids, promoting the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance [6]. In this regard, the abuse of antibiotics in livestock and agriculture has been identified as one of the main factors that have led to the emergence of AMR [7]. The emergence and spread of AMR has intensified the interest

• considered as fully innovative, that is, no cross-resistance, new chemical class, new target, and new mechanism of action. Furthermore, just four of them are active against at least one pathogen of the top risk category [12]. The urgent need for novel antibiotics has led researchers to consider repurposing

• , and the resulting formulation was evaluated regarding its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., S. aureus and B. subtilis) and Gram-negative strains (e.g., E. coli and P. aeruginosa) [121]. Unfortunately, encapsulation led to reduced immediate efficacy compared to the free Zn

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• thickness. Alternatively, Liu et al. [16] employed RF sputtering with a single BiVO4 target, but the volatility of Bi in a vacuum environment often led to an imbalanced Bi/V ratio, requiring precise regulation of oxygen partial pressure. Gong et al. [17] utilized DC co-sputtering of Bi and V targets to

• , θ is the Bragg angle in radians, β is the full width at half maximum of the peak in radians, D is the particle size, and k is a constant with a value of 0.9. As shown in Table 1, an increase in the deposition current and VO(acac)2 concentration led to narrower peak widths and larger crystallite

• conditions led to better light-harvesting capabilities and enhanced surface area owing to finer particle morphologies and increased porosity of the photocatalysts. XPS analysis highlighted the presence of oxygen vacancies and well-defined chemical states, further contributing to the improved catalytic

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• aggregation [47]. Figure 4 presents the impact of temperature (ranging from 10 to 80 °C) on the nanodroplet size of the AANE formulation over a 180-day period. Between 10 and 60 °C, the nanodroplet size remained relatively stable, ranging from 171 to 181 nm. However, temperatures exceeding 60 °C led to a

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• intravenous administration of T cell membrane-coated nanoparticles directed to the cancerous organ by an externally applied magnetic field, followed by immune cell membrane-mediated cancer targeting. This strategy led to accelerated accumulation of nanomedicine in the tumor with minimal off-target exposure

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• ], and modified atmosphere polypropylene [55]. In this research, without any biopackaging, the strawberry would grow moldy right on day 11 and become dryer and reduced in size, which led to the fastest decrease in mass. In contrast, at no or very low concentration of CEO (up to 2% (v/w)), the time until

• moisture escape from the sample, making the sample wet and foggy at day 21. At higher CEO concentrations, the biopackaging enables moisture escape to further prevent the proliferation of fungi and contaminations. This led to slightly higher mass loss upon preservation in these samples. All in all, these

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• electronic charge transfer from CP to ZnS NT for each molecule orientation (see below Table 4). The corresponding charge transfers are 0.073e, 0.095e, 0.109e, and 0.06e for orientations A, B, C, and D, respectively. The electronic charge transfer led by the weak physisorption phenomenon plays a critical role

• in altering the electronic and optical properties of ZnS NT. A higher charge transfer improves sensor sensitivity, allowing the detection of CP at lower concentrations, whereas the weak physisorption led by the van der Waals forces may help with the reusability of sensor devices. Table 2 highlights

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• solution led to the destruction of previously imaged bacteria. In Figure 5A, a region heavily coated with PA was mapped in 0.5 M NaCl with FV with 500 pN as the maximum loading force, and in Figure 5B, the same region was imaged under the same conditions but with a maximal loading force of 3000 pN. A

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• patch sizes led to increasing deviations between the model and the experimental data. Specifically, as this azimuthal angular patch size increased, the increased coherence in the model led to more and more ringing in the predicted images (Supporting Information File 1, Section S8). Our observation is

• (Supporting Information File 1, Section S7). We found that this led to an axial elongation of the nanosphere image in the inc-BL model (Figure 3), suggesting that oblique, annular illumination contributed to the more elongated images in the pc-Mie model. Another key difference between the pc-Mie model and the

• predictions for soft X-ray light propagation through a 60 nm gold nanosphere. Our pc-Mie model however yielded predictions very different from the other 3D TXM model, namely the inc-BL model [20]. A key difference was that our model included the phase component δ of the sample’s refractive index, and this led

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• occurred for all coatings. In particular, an increase in ion beam current led to a reduction in crystallite size by approximately 30% compared to coatings prepared by conventional EBE process. The average anatase crystallite size for annealed films was in the range of 30.8 to 43.5 nm. A detailed SEM

• the conventional EBE method and an additional Iibg of 3 A, the optical bandgap energy was equal to 3.23 eV, while increasing Iibg to 4 A led to a slight decrease of Egopt to 3.16 eV. After post-process annealing, the value of the optical bandgap energy decreased for the film deposited without any

• substrates during deposition. In fact, this contributes to the increased density of the thin films. This increases the resistance to material removal and improves adhesion, which prevents delamination during abrasion. Moreover, the increased energy of ions during deposition led to the formation of a finer

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• semiconductors and the dopant molecules. The redox potential of the dopant is a critical factor in regulating the Fermi level of the semiconductor. The research group led by Ishii and Yamashita utilizes proton coupling electron transfer reactions, which are extensively employed in biochemical processes [278

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• density from alkali metals to MoS2, which led to the 2H‒1T′ transition [19][32][53][54]. Such structural transformations are accompanied by the formation of Mo‒Mo and Na‒S bonds and the weakening of S–Mo bonds [3]. In the spectra of sodiated films, the Mo 3d and S 2p doublets related to sodium-free 2H