Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• ]. However, a major challenge in their development is maximizing the light that escapes the micro-LED. By incorporating a DBR onto the bottom of a flip-chip micro-LED, engineers can capture light that would normally be lost downward and redirect it upwards, significantly improving the overall light output

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• revealed that an increase in particle size led to a shift towards caveolae-mediated internalization, the primary pathway for particles sized around 500 nm [69]. This shows the possibility of an even more extended particle size range to be considered for N2B delivery [69]. Regarding surface characteristics

• administration. The optimization process yielded optimized NLCs with a particle size of 178 nm of and an entrapment efficiency of 77%. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that intranasal administration of the optimized NLC formulation led to significantly faster drug absorption and greater clozapine

• monoclonal antibody onto the NPs led to an increase in particle size and influenced the distribution of NPs in the hippocampus, indicating another critical factor for N2B delivery, namely, the particle size of NPs [153]. In another study with mAbs, Ferreira et al. developed and optimized a system of PLGA and

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• comparison to other compounds [4][5][6]. Specifically, its large bandgap energy Eg ≈ 3.4 eV is comparable to GaN – a typical material for blue-light-emitting diode (LED) technology [7][8]. Also, its exciton binding energy is higher than the thermal energy at 300 K, and it has high-quality optical

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• reducing the potential for adverse effects. Factor XII, thrombin, and calcium are critical components of the coagulation cascade, and their removal represents a pathway for lowering thrombus formation due to contact with foreign materials. Each of these components has led to different approaches for the

• approximately 20% higher fiber diameter and 25% lower clot density than glass (Figure 9). PDA–FDT–PFD also led to significantly higher fiber diameter and lower clot density than BSA and COC, suggesting that clots formed on PDA–FDT–PFD are less stable and easier to break down than clots formed on glass, COC, and

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• and silver) nanoprobes are emerging as versatile colorimetric and spectrophotometric nanosensors for rapid detection/degradation of heavy metal ions and toxic pollutants that pose a serious challenge to environment and human health. Globally, acceleration of industrial growth and urbanization led to

• /mL CTAB, which changes in the case of centrifuged CTAB-AgNS to 856 µg/mL. Despite less CTAB on the silver nanoparticle surface, they showed excellent sensing capability even at lower nanoparticle concentration. The addition of NaOH (5–50 µL) to centrifuged CTAB-AgNS led to no selectivity toward metal

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• on the formation of AuNPs@GluN/Alg. We explored the Au3+ ion-to-gel ratios ranging from 1% to 9% (w/w). The results indicate that the concentration of Au3+ ions profoundly influences the formation of stable AuNPs. An increase in Au3+ concentration led to a corresponding rise in the absorbance values

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• corresponds to a concentration of free DOX in the solution of 2 µmol/L (5 µM/L of DOX × 0.4) as it is known that the basic drugs doxorubicin and mitoxantrone are concentrated in acidic endosomes of cells with pH approximately 5.5 [38]. Incubation for 96 h led to a decrease of viability of HeLa cells at 5 µmol

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• in the last few decades has led to many successful breakthroughs in terms of the stability, efficiency, and cost of PV technology. In the past few decades, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a groundbreaking technology in the field of renewable energy because of their remarkable efficiency

• constants, refractive index, and extinction coefficient. The optimum bandgap (1.2 eV), high carrier mobility, and promising optical characteristics of monolayer Ge2Se2 further led us to investigate the application of the investigated structure. To show the application of monolayer Ge2Se2, a perovskite solar

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• ) [43][44]. As expected, the crystal orientation of the TiO2/SiNWs catalyst obviously led to the creation of a robust p–n junction photocatalyst. The SEM analysis further confirms the morphological evolution during etching and TiO2 ALD. As revealed in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, the

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• compounds exist that feature sufficient vapor pressure and stability to be delivered into and used in a vacuum chamber. To date, only the class of carboxylates led to successful implementation, including both fluorinated and non-flourinated ligands [27]. The surprisingly high content of elemental silver

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• ablation. This phenomenon led to lower NP production at 355 nm compared to that at 532 and 1064 nm laser wavelengths, this was also reflected in the absorption spectra. Consequently, there is a tendency for NP agglomeration and chain formation, which is evident from the TEM pictures depicted in Figure 3

• days, the presence of NaCl led to an increase in the SERS signal; however, over a longer duration, the NPs in DW showed better SERS intensity than those in aqueous NaCl solution. Jiang et al. [62] investigated the SERS performance of Ag NPs in detecting CV molecules. They found that bare Ag NPs

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• biosensors for accurate detection of viruses [25], cancer [15], proteins [36], DNA, glucose [17], and nucleic acids has been strongly developed [37]. On the other hand, specific biomolecule classifications by microbiologists has led to the realization and development of different biosensors, significantly

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• advancement of nanotechnology has led to the widespread utilization of engineered nanostructured metal oxides (ENMOs) in various industrial and biomedical applications [1]. Nanoparticles (NPs) are described by the International Organization for Standardization as structures characterized by one, two, or three

• nanoparticles consist of metal elements bonded with oxygen in intricate structures [3][4]. They exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties, which have led to their widespread utilization across various industries [5][6]. These nanomaterials are employed in, for example, electronics, cosmetics, and medicine

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• precursor MeCpPtMe3. As a water precursor MgSO4·7H2O was used. The purification during deposition led to a decrease of the carbon-to-gold ratio (in atom %) from 2.8 to 0.5 and a decrease of the carbon-to-platinum ratio (in atom %) from 6–7 to 0.2. The purification was done in a regular scanning electron

• carbon matrix [15][17][18]. Variation of deposition conditions [15] and post-deposition purifications [18][19][20][21] have all led to an increased Pt content in the deposits, but a straightforward method of obtaining pure material is still a challenge. However, Shawrav et al. [22] managed to deposit

• exposure) led to the purification of a 40 nm thick bottom layer of the deposit [37][38]. Fully post-deposition-purified FEBID structures were reported by Seewald et al. [4], who deposited three-dimensional hollow cones of moderate thickness, which were purified using an e-beam-assisted post-deposition

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• , and reduced inflation led to larger contact area and increased adhesive performance [43]. As the inflation is achieved by an increased hemolymph pressure in the pads of S. aeta, a decline in hemolymph supply to the pads would reduce inflation. The strong extent of deflation visible in these pads might

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• absence of any hydrolyzing agent (urea) or acidic compound (nitric acid). This led to poor degradation of organic matter, resulting in relatively large carbon structures (over 100 nm) as it was shown in Figure 4, which does not correspond to the size range of a CQD. Nevertheless, when these samples were

• achieved. We found that optimized synthesis parameters led to CQDs with diverse chemical characteristics. Notably, samples derived from grape pomace and watermelon peels synthesized with nitric acid, exhibited superior catalytic activity in methylene blue degradation, along with enhanced luminescence and

Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-k material at the drain

• Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan and
• Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 713–718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.59

• ); tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET); Introduction Rapid miniaturization of electronic devices has led to an increase in leakage current. Leakage current is a big challenge in miniaturized circuits. Miniaturization, at the same time, increased the device performance and reduced the area occupied by the

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• can be seen differential UPD of AgNO3 along with the micellar structure arrangement of the surfactant which led to the generation of nanomakura-shaped nanoparticles. Seed-mediated and seedless synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs) In this experiment, two different approaches were adopted for synthesizing

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• physical synthesis method. Moreover, the irradiation of pure organic solvents with femtosecond or picosecond radiation led to the formation of numerous products induced by the intense conditions, which can be attributed to laser-induced optical breakdown and/or shockwaves. The optical breakdown of the

• without an oxide shell. A moderate oxidation was found for the ethanol–water mixture, leading to oxide crescents on the nanoparticle surface; nitrogen-saturated ethanol led to scarcely oxidized AuFe nanoparticles. However, it has to be noted that the addition of such agents influences the ablation

• propionitrile or butyronitrile, however, led to the formation of regular (heteroatom-free) graphitic carbon shells. Begildayeva et al. attributed this behavior to the high availability of the CN− moiety in acetonitrile after decomposition, while the decomposition of nitriles with longer chains leads to the

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• above suspension for 3 min. The resulting mixture was subsequently sonicated for 4 h. Under the effect of TEA, the hydroxy groups on CUR and HPS became activated and replaced the chlorine atoms on HCCP, which led to the coassembly of the coating structure on the surface of Fe3O4 NCs. The generated CUR

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• the higher temperature of 400 K has led to the preferred formation of the three chain orientations A, C, and E, which are thermodynamically more stable than the orientations B and D. Deposition at 500 K Last, we discuss the structure of QA after deposition at 500 K. From our previous work regarding QA

Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)₄MA and Fe(CO)₅ – effect of MA ligand and process conditions

• Hannah Boeckers,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Petra Martinović,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 500–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.45

• with more than 90 atom % Fe were obtained [19], presumably related to electron beam heating effects. However, attempts to purify deposits with initial Fe contents of only 40 atom % by annealing up to 700 °C led to phase segregation into a highly pure and crystalline Fe phase and a carbonaceous material

• when further Fe(CO)5 was dosed without electron irradiation onto a seed deposit produced by EBID and held at room temperature [27]. A control experiment in which the same amount of Fe(CO)5 was dosed directly onto the Ta substrate without EBID seed layer, however, led to much smaller FeLMM signals [27

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• the etching takes place is unknown. It was noticed that a small change in the pressure of water vapour led to a significant change in the etching rate, suggesting that the process is gas-limited (see Supporting Information File 1, section S3). The role of diffusion could therefore be significant. The

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• . The similarities between Ag NPs and Au NPs, with the higher LSPR and SERS performance of Ag NPs [18][31], led to the innovative idea of Ag NPs synthesis in DESs. In this work, we present a novel strategy to fabricate Ag NPs and demonstrate our hypothesis about the application of DESs in stabilizing Ag

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• observed for Si. This further confirms that the near surface region of Si, amorphized to form better ripple patterns in Si as compared to Ge, may be due to the overlap of the collision cascade which led to more defect formation [41]. Rutherford backscattering results The RBS technique was used to determine