Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• deconvoluted spectrum indicates that most of the Ni is present under oxidized states. In this area, doublets corresponding to NiO, Ni(OH)2 and Ni(OOH) can be observed at 854.3/873.3 eV, 856.0/874.3 eV, and 857.6/874.6 eV, respectively [96]. The important concentration of oxidized species is generally observed

Comparing a porphyrin- and a coumarin-based dye adsorbed on NiO(001)

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 874–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.88

• -layered islands on a NiO(001) single crystal surface have been studied by means of non-contact atomic force microscopy at room temperature. Comparison of both island types reveals different adsorption and packing of each dye, as well as an opposite charge-transfer direction, which has been quantified by

• Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. Keywords: coumarin; Kelvin probe force microscopy; metal oxide; molecular resolution; nickel oxide (NiO); non-contact atomic force microscopy; porphyrin; Introduction With regard to its use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the wide-bandgap n-type

• -bandgap p-type semiconductors, such as NiO, and their functionalization with sensitizers, have been less extensively studied by using SPM [12][13][14][15]. NiO was the first reported p-type wide-bandgap semiconductor [16], and can be used for the fabrication of p-type DSSCs with photoactive cathodes, a

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• , respectively. The highest energy density in this work is comparable to that of a Ni@Ni(OH)2//graphene-CNT hybrid SC device (33.9 mWh/cm3 at a power density of 0.2 W/cm3) [50] and better than that of our previous NiO/np-Ni/MG symmetric supercapacitor device (19.82 mWh/cm3 at 0.4 W/cm3) [51]. This volumetric

Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review

• Dongjin Sun,
• Yifan Luo,
• Marc Debliquy and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2832–2844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.264

• formation of C–O–Sn chemical bonds, confirmed by XPS results, was responsible for the superior performance of the SnO–graphene sensor. Zhang et al. [94] fabricated a room-temperature NiO–graphene sensor that exhibited a better sensitivity to NO2 than a pure NiO sensor. The authors also ascribed the enhanced

• sensor sensitivity to the Ni–O–C bonds formed at the interfaces of NiO nanoparticles and graphene sheets. The NO2 molecules capture electrons from the surface of NiO nanoparticles when the sensor is exposed to NO2. More and more electrons are transferred from graphene to NiO by Ni–O–C bonds because of

• the lower Fermi level of NiO, increasing the sensitivity and response rate of the NiO–graphene sensor. However, the sensitivity of the NiO–graphene sensor was not as good as that of the pure NiO sensor at low concentrations of NO2 (0.25–1 ppm). In order to enhance the sensitivity of this sensor, the

Influence of the thickness of an antiferromagnetic IrMn layer on the static and dynamic magnetization of weakly coupled CoFeB/IrMn/CoFeB trilayers

• Deepika Jhajhria,
• Dinesh K. Pandya and
• Sujeet Chaudhary

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2198–2208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.206

• . There are theoretical studies that suggest the possibility of manipulating the AF moment by spin transfer torque [12][13][14]. Only recently, FM/AF (NiO, IrMn)/heavy metal heterostructures have been extensively studied to demonstrate the efficient spin current transfer across the AF layer mediated by AF

• transport through metallic IrMn layers of up to 3 nm of thickness via AF spin excitations has also been previously reported in Pt/IrMn/YIG heterostructures using spin-torque FMR [17]. Also, a highly efficient spin current transfer from Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) into NiO and subsequent spin propagation in NiO with spin

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• of electrospun metal oxide (MOx) semiconductors have been used for gas sensing applications. These semiconductors include titanium dioxide (TiO2) [93][94][95], tungsten trioxide (WO3) [27][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110], copper oxide (CuO) [111], NiO [112

• annealing and calcination [83]. A very low detection limit (9.7 ppb NOx) with an optimal response time (20 s) is achieved with nanocrystalline (5–10 nm) SnO2 NTs at room temperature [141]. Similar behaviour is exhibited by p-type NiO and CuO toward CO and NO2 [111][112]. The gas sensing behaviour also

• showed a high response of 46.8 to 100 ppm of formaldehyde at optimum temperature (240 °C) as shown in Figure 10d, whereas the response and recovery times are 8 s and 22 s, respectively. The detection limit of the Nd-doped In2O3 NTs was 100 ppb with a response of 2.4 [211]. W-doped NiO NTs (average outer

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• /bjnano.9.166 Abstract In the present investigation, the cryochemical approach was used for the improved synthesis of nanocrystalline metal oxides (e.g., NiO, Fe2O3, CeO2) and NaNO3 salt. It was shown that the solutions and sols can be treated with a liquid nitrogen stream (−196 °C) to increase the powder

• dispersity by 3–18 times and to increase their specific surface area by an order of magnitude. The proposed approach also reduces the agglomeration of the nanoparticles, and at the same time, results in NiO, Fe2O3 and CeO2 crystallite sizes of less than 10 nm (quantum dot size regime). The diameter of NaNO3

• NiO nanocrystals (4.1–4.7 nm) incorporated into the pore space of mesoporous titanium silicate [13]. We developed a method for the preparation of ultradispersed NiO based on the combination of the microemulsion method and cryochemical technology. NiO crystallites were obtained by cryotreatment of the

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• simultaneous formation of molecular oxygen and hydroxyl radicals at the CoO surface [169]. NiO is a p-type semiconductor, which can conveniently be combined with different photocatalysts and the composite photocatalysts exhibit higher activity [170][171][172]. The introduction of nickel oxide into the TiO2

• matrix restricts the transformation of anatase to rutile phase possibly because of the presence of Ni2+ ions that stabilize the anatase phase. Further, the presence of NiO would hinder the aggregation of TiO2 particles, resulting in increase of surface area and decrease of particle size of the

• photocatalyst [173]. An increase in the surface area of NiO/TiO2 will lead to an increase of active sites, which enhances the photocatalytic activity. Ku et al. reported that coupling of p-type NiO with n-type TiO2 resulted in the development of an NiO/TiO2 photocatalyst with the formation of a p–n junction

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• minimized with an increase in MgO concentration in the catalyst because MgO exhibits alkaline characteristics. Its high basicity and similar crystal structure with NiO render MgO as highly suitable for Ni-based catalyst supports. Strong metal–support interaction between MgO and NiO formed a basic solid

• . Zanganeh et al. [34] used the co-precipitation method to prepare a NiO–MgO nanocrystalline solid solution catalyst. High Ni (25 wt %) content negatively affected the supression of carbon deposition on the solid solution catalyst. However, high Ni dispersion and the basicity of the support surface could

• , adding MgO to the catalyst decreased the reduction temperature of the NiO species and increased the catalyst reducibility. Influence of metal loading Khajenoori et al. [110] conducted the DRM reaction over a Ni–CeO2/MgO catalyst with various Ni loadings (5–15 wt %) at a temperature of 550 °C to 700 °C

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• hybrid devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells. However, a key parameter for optimized interfaces is not only the choice of the compounds but also the properties of adsorption. Here, we investigated the deposition of an organic dye precursor molecule on a NiO(001) single crystal surface by means of

• that they are lying flat on the surface in a trans-conformation. Within the limits of our Kelvin probe microscopy setup a charge transfer from NiO to the molecular layer of 0.3 electrons per molecules was observed only in the areas where the molecules are closed packed. Keywords: metal oxide; nickel

• (II) oxide (NiO); non-contact atomic force microscopy; p-type semiconductor; sub-molecular resolution; Introduction Inorganic substrates functionalized with organic molecules are nowadays highly regarded materials for emerging hybrid technologies including molecular electronics, photocatalysts or

Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

• Marina Davydova,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Jiri Smarhak,
• Alexander Kromka,
• Neda Neykova,
• Josef Nahlik,
• Jiri Kroutil,
• Jan Drahokoupil and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

• , materials with hybrid components have become more popular in the field of sensing because the hybridization and synergic effect of organic or inorganic materials could enhance the gas sensing properties. For example, Wang et al. fabricated a ring-like PdO–NiO composite with a lamellar structure and showed a

Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270

• -dimensional materials have higher exposure to the electrolyte [1]. Two-dimensional materials, such as Co3O4, NiO, phosphorene, SnS and V2O5 all exhibit an excellent capacity retention, rate performance, lower energy barrier and long cycling life compared to their bulk counterparts used as electrode materials

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• conversion as reached at a relatively low temperature of 145 °C over the CeO2–CuOx-2 sample. Furthermore, the CeO2–CuOx catalyst is more active than the CeO2–CoOx and CeO2–NiO catalysts, indicating that the catalytic activity is correlates with the metal oxide. Additionally, this versatile synthesis approach

• CeO2–NiO, generate more surface oxygen vacancies than pure CeO2. In order to obtain detailed information about the chemical bonding states of the as-prepared CeO2–MOx yolk-shell nanospheres, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were carried out and the results are shown in Figure 7. As shown

• only a very weak shake-up peak at about 791 eV. If Co2+/Co3+ oxidation states coexist, a plateau in the range of 783–792 eV will be observed instead of two distinct shake-up peaks [31][34]. In Ni 2p spectrum of the CeO2–NiO sample (Figure 7e), the binding energies at 855.6 and 873.4 eV are ascribed to

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• cocatalysts, such as Pt, Rh, NiO, and RuO2. These cocatalysts are mainly helpful to introduce the active sites on the photocatalyst surface, to facilitate the electron transfer from the CB of excited semiconductor, and hence, to enhance the process of H2 generation [11]. However, the sacrificial agents

• nanoparticles and accelerate the photocatalytic rate by introducing more reaction sites and promoting charge separation in semiconductors [115]. In water splitting reactions, generally noble metals (e.g., Pt, Rh) and some metal oxides (e.g., NiO) act as the cocatalyst and these are loaded on the surface of

Metal oxide nanostructures: preparation, characterization and functional applications as chemical sensors

• Dario Zappa,
• Angela Bertuna,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Navpreet Kaur,
• Nicola Poli,
• Veronica Sberveglieri and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1205–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.122

• characterization of different metal oxide (NiO, WO3, ZnO, SnO2 and Nb2O5) nanostructures for chemical sensing are presented. p-Type (NiO) and n-type (WO3, SnO2, ZnO and Nb2O5) metal oxide nanostructures were grown on alumina substrates using evaporation–condensation, thermal oxidation and hydrothermal techniques

• nanostructures Evaporation–condensation technique: NiO, SnO2 and ZnO Evaporation–condensation allows one to obtain disordered mats of nanowires, covering the area of substrates with the catalyst. Figure 1 (top) shows the FE-SEM images of NiO nanowires at different magnifications, while Figure 1 (middle) and

• Figure 1 (bottom) report SnO2 nanowires and ZnO nanowires, respectively. Nanowires were directly grown on the active substrates used for functional characterization. It has been observed that the NiO nanowires were grown thin and long and they showed a dense morphology covering the whole substrate. The

Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma

• Sulaiman Al-Mayman,
• Ibrahim AlShunaifi,
• Abdullah Albeladi,
• Imed Ghiloufi and
• Saud Binjuwair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1043–1048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.105

• solid phase. Finally, the obtained liquid was analyzed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Results and Discussion Characterization of fly ash The chemical composition of the feed determined with XRF is presented in Figure 3. The major constituents of the feed are NiO, Fe2O3

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• for GO reduction [193]. This hybrid shows higher catalytic activity than Co(OH)2 for phenol degradation and it takes only 10 min for 100% phenol removal. Nickel oxide (NiO)–graphene hybrids NiO, a p-type wide band gap semiconductor is extensively used as catalyst, battery cathode, electrochemical

• capacitor and magnetic material [194]. NiO is considered to be a promising alternative electrode material in redox electrochemical capacitors because of its easy synthesis and high capacitance. Porous NiO–rGO hybrid films were prepared by combination of electrophoretic deposition and chemical bath

• deposition methods [195][196]. Like other graphene–metaloxide hybrid systems, NiO–graphene hybrids are largely used for LIB applications [197][198][199]. Monolayer graphene/NiO nanosheet composite materials also have large application for supercapacitors [200][201][202]. 3D NiO/ultrathin derived graphene

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• capacity. It is mostly used together with other components, such as noble metals or transition metal oxides, such as NiO or Co3O4, because synergistic effects improve the catalytic properties. Graphene-modified CeO2 greatly enhances the performance in electrochemical devices (supercapacitors, fuel cells or

Thickness dependence of the triplet spin-valve effect in superconductor–ferromagnet–ferromagnet heterostructures

• Daniel Lenk,
• Vladimir I. Zdravkov,
• Jan-Michael Kehrle,
• Günter Obermeier,
• Aladin Ullrich,
• Roman Morari,
• Hans-Albrecht Krug von Nidda,
• Claus Müller,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Siegfried Horn,
• Rafael G. Deminov,
• Lenar R. Tagirov and
• Reinhard Tidecks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 957–969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.88

• atmosphere of the sputtering chamber during growth of CoOx. This can locally lead to the formation of antiferromagnetic NiO [65] in the already deposited Cu41Ni59 layer, yielding a reduction of the magnetic moment of the film. A degradation of Cu41Ni59 by oxygen has been discussed in our former work on AF-F

• ξF1 in the present work), which is probably indicating a decrease of the exchange energy, Eex. The reason for such a decrease of Eex can be a weakening of the exchange interaction caused by the formation of NiO. An increase in ξF0 is also observed in the F/S/F-AF sample series (see Table I of [72

• fit is somewhat smaller than that in [9], where we obtained on average, that lF1/ξF1 = 1.18 and ξF1 = 10.3 nm, so that lF1 = 12.2 nm (in that paper lF1 and ξF1 are denoted by lF and ξF0). This reduction of lF1 may be the result of the formation of NiO, which can serve as scattering centers, in the F1

Selective photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to methanol in CuO-loaded NaTaO₃ nanocubes in isopropanol

• Tianyu Xiang,
• Feng Xin,
• Jingshuai Chen,
• Yuwen Wang,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Xiao Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 776–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.69

• activity. Jeffrey C. S. Wu et al. [18] prepared NiO-loaded InTaO4 photocatalysts by a sol–gel method and carried out the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in a self-made optical fiber reactor filled with 0.2 mol/L NaOH solution. The formation rate of methanol was 11.1 μmol/(g·h) under halogen lamp

• irradiation at 25 °C. Ru-Shi Liu and co-workers [19] prepared a series of nanostructured core–shell materials (Ni@NiO/N-doped InTaO4 photocatalysts) for the reduction of CO2 to methanol in pure water. In these structures, the core–shell nanostructure might offer a new reaction center transferred from the

Hydration of magnesia cubes: a helium ion microscopy study

• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Johannes Schneider,
• Gilles R. Bourret and
• Oliver Diwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 302–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.28

• as MgO, NiO and CdO and its relevance for the synthesis of hydroxides with controlled morphologies [40][41], the phenomena reported herein underline the difficulties of maintaining desired nanomaterials properties during handling and processing due to their dynamic nature [24]. Effect of

Self-assembly mechanism of Ni nanowires prepared with an external magnetic field

• Xiaoyu Li,
• Hu Wang,
• Kenan Xie,
• Qin Long,
• Xuefei Lai and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2123–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.217

• oxidized, but peaks of NiO were not observed due to the additional N2 produced during the reaction, which protects the Ni nanowires from oxidization. The crystallite size of the Ni nanowires (16 nm) calculated from the (111) fcc Ni peaks by Scherrer’s equation is smaller than the apparent wire diameter

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• virus (TMV) were used as templates for coating with inorganic materials including Pt, Au [28], Ag [29][30], Pd [31][32], TiO2 [33], SiO2 [34], NiO [35], CdS [21], CoPt, FePt, ZnS [27][36] and ZnO [37][38][39]. Among the virus-based templates, plant viruses are especially suitable nanostructured