Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• method and characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The MOF mixture exhibited a particle size ranging from 40 to 100 nm, a high surface area of 1147 m2/g, a pore

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• crystallization, consistent with the results from XRD and SEM analyses. Additionally, bands at 3437 and 1613 cm−1 correspond to the vibrational modes of hydroxy groups (OH) bonded to the surface of the ZnO powders. X-ray diffraction The crystalline structure of the samples thermally treated at 500 °C was analyzed

• using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resulting XRD patterns, shown in Figure 6a, indicate that the samples are polycrystalline and single-phase. This single phase corresponds well to the data from ICDD file no. 36-1451 of zincite ZnO. ZnO has a wurtzite-type structure and crystallizes in the hexagonal P63

• 10 and 20 kV in high vacuum mode. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were carried out using an Ultima IV diffractometer (Rigaku Corp., Japan) equipped with parallel beam optics, using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å) at 40 kV and 30 mA over the 2θ range of 25–80° at a scanning rate of 2°/min with a

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• respective limitations. This study offers new insights into the design of an efficient system for OCM. Results and Discussion Structural and morphological properties For understanding the crystalline structure of TiO2 and SiNWs, X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded as displayed in Figure 1. The XRD

• properties of as-synthesized samples were analyzed using an X-ray diffraction system (XRD, Rigaku, SmartLab) with a 2θ range of 20–80° and a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi, S-4700). The absorption properties of the thin films were analyzed using a diffuse reflectance UV–vis

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• [53]. A combined molecular dynamics and X-ray diffraction analysis of gold NPs has been carried out by Kamiński et al. [54]. The dynamical stability and vibrational properties of Pt nanoclusters by ab initio methods were investigated by Maldonado et al. [55]. A comprehensive review of Pt NPs has been

• high heating and cooling rates compared to the experimental ones, it has been shown to yield representative structures that are in good agreement with the ones observed via X-ray diffraction for a number of nanomaterials such as CuO NPs [62], TiO2 NPs [63], as well as carbon [64] and Ag [65

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• and yield of the as-prepared MIL-100(Fe) materials, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements, determination of textural properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• Information File 1. Characterizations The materials’ crystalline structure was identified via room-temperature powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns from a MiniFlex600 system (Rigaku, Japan). The scan covered a 2θ range of 3–40° at a speed of 6°·min−1. Information regarding the morphologies of Fe2O3 and M

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• , the positions of the E12g and A1g vibrational modes in the composite sample did not exhibit any noticeable shifts compared to the observed peaks in individual samples as reported in previous studies [26]. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) diagram shown in Figure 2a exhibits the diffraction peaks at 14.25

• experiments, we weighed the samples using a sensitive electronic balance (Secura microbalance, Sartorius) with an accuracy down to 0.01 mg. Structural, crystalline, and vibrational properties of the fabricated materials were examined utilizing X-ray diffraction (D8 Discover diffractometer, Bruker) with a Kα

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• provided by the Merck company, Germany. Stock solutions of URI and HYP were prepared prior to use. Equipment The X-ray diffraction patterns of the suspensions of GQDs, peroxo titanium complexes, and TiO2/GQDs were recorded on a D8 Advance, Bruker, Germany with background subtraction. The morphologies of

• composite (TiO2/GQDs) obtained by in situ synthesis of GQDs, derived from coffee grounds, and peroxo titanium complexes was used as electrode modifier in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine. The TiO2/GQDs material was characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray

• diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. The TiO2/GQDs-GCE exhibits better electrochemical activity for uric acid and hypoxanthine than GQDs/GCE or TiO2/GCE in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Under optimized

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• of the synthesised NWs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The resonance tests yielded the mean elastic modulus of 34.5 GPa, while 75.8 GPa mean value was obtained via three-point bending. The measured elastic moduli values indicate the need for

• -Ga2O3 NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices. Results For structural analysis of the as-grown NW arrays on Si(100)/SiO2 substrates, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were conducted. The marked

• ) X-ray diffraction pattern of β-Ga2O3 NWs on silicon substrate. b) TEM image of a β-Ga2O3 NW with interlayer spacing of 5.7 Å, indicating [001] growth direction. c) TEM image of a β-Ga2O3 NW with orthogonal (11−2) and (−112) planes and interlayer spacing 2.2 Å, indicating [021] growth direction. a

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• , respectively. The observed trend in decreasing aspect ratio is CTAB-AuNM > MTAB-AuNM > DTAB-AuNM. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis The CTAB-, MTAB-, and DTAB-capped gold nanoparticles exhibited strong peaks at 2848 and 2915 cm−1 due to symmetric and asymmetric C–H

• . Also, the photothermal responses of the nanoparticles in association with k-CG hydrogels were assessed, indicating their potential in biomedical applications. Furthermore, characterization such as zeta potential, crystallinity, and surface functionalization were investigated through ZetaSizer, X-ray

• diffraction (XRD), and FTIR, respectively, to establish physicochemical properties of the synthesized nanomaterials. Results Synthesis, optical spectroscopy, and zeta potential Anisotropic gold nanoparticles of makura shape were synthesized using seed-mediated approach as shown in Figure 1a. The Au seeds were

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• temperature to generate ionized particles. These ionized species interact with the ceramic crystal of TiN, resulting in a pronounced structural expansion. The exfoliated TiN products were comprehensively characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy

• microscope operating at 200 kV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted using a diffractometer (Miniflex II) with Cu Kα radiation over a 2θ range of 20–90°, with a scan speed of 2° per minute. Furthermore, Raman spectra were obtained using a spectrometer (Horiba Scientific MacroRam Raman) equipped

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• substituted by O–H. Additionally, other characteristic absorption peaks of CUR and HPS were retained. These findings confirmed the successful synthesis of CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern (Figure 2g), the 2θ diffraction peaks at 30.1° (220), 35.4° (311), 37.0° (222), 43.1

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• produced material is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while its crystalline and optical qualities are assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. We demonstrate possibilities for controlling the composition and the crystallographic

• sensor applications. Keywords: aeromaterial; crystallographic structure; luminescence; physical vapor transport; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); X-ray diffraction (XRD); Introduction Porous materials represent a class of solid-state networks widely used in adsorptive and photocatalytic removal of

• Instruments. The structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction measurements on a Rigaku MiniFlex 600 diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.540598 Å) in a standard 2θ Bragg–Brentano configuration, operating at 45 kV beam voltage and 15 mA beam current. Photoluminescence (PL) was excited by

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• synthesize cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots (CF/GQDs). The material was prepared from a homogeneous mixture of iron nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and starch at 140, 180 and 200 °C in a 24 h thermal hydrolysis process. The obtained materials were characterised by using X-ray diffraction, scanning

• benzoquinone (C6H4O2) was provided by Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥96%) and hydrogen chloride (HCl, 38%) were purchased from Xilong, China. Instruments X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded by using a D8 Advance (Bruker, Germany) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm). Fourier-transform

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• bias voltage was applied to the p-Si substrates, whereas the WOx films were kept grounded. The crystallinity of the WOx films was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Bruker) under Bragg–Brentano geometry (θ–2θ) in an angular window of 2θ = 20° to 80°. The chemical composition of the WOx films was

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• -resolution analytical electron microscope (FE-SEM, Thermo Scientific, Apreo 2S LoVac) and a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM, Phillips XL, 30 ESEM-FEG/EDAX) operating at 120 kV acceleration voltage. The structure of the nanoparticles was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD, PANalytical, Xpert

• between peak broadening and particle size in X-ray analysis. In this equation, the symbols D, K, λ, β, and θ represent the particle size, Scherrer shape factor (here 0.89), X-ray wavelength (0.15418 nm), half-maximum width, and diffraction angle, respectively [43]. Using the X-ray diffraction (XRD

• × magnification. (d) Particle diameter distribution of Fe3O4 NPs. (a) X-ray diffraction patterns of Fe3O4 NPs. (b) FTIR spectra of Fe3O4 NPs. (c) Hysteresis loop for Fe3O4 NPs. FESEM images of (a) PDA/Fe3O4 NPs (1:1), (b) PDA/Fe3O4 NPs (2:1), and (c) PDA/Fe3O4 NPs (4:1), all 250,000× magnification. (d) FTIR

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD results showed the appearance of an amorphous region of silica particles at a diffraction angle of 22°. The formation of silica was

• conditions to determine the ideal condition to modify GO for grafting onto NR. The GO-VTES products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle, 29Si NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and morphology analysis. The GO-VTES was expected to improve the mechanical properties

• , 200 g of DPNR (DRC 20%, SDS 0.2%), and with the same amount of TEPA/TBHPO as in the preparation of DPNR/GO-VTES. Characterizations X-ray diffraction patterns of graphite and GO were acquired by using a Panalytical X'Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer. The measurements were performed at room temperature

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• on Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) concerning its tolerance levels, toxicity, and accumulation. ZnO NPs were synthesized by the wet chemical method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, dynamic

• synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized via several techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid-UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then the potential phytotoxicity of the synthesized ZnO NPs

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• separation during the electrospinning process [17][38][39], leading to the formation of a BBR-rich phase on the surface of nanofibers. The crystallinity of the PLA pellet and electrospun nanofiber scaffolds were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis (Figure 3B). The XRD pattern of the PLA pellet shows

• chemical characteristics of prepared scaffolds in the wavelength range of 200–3200 cm−1. X-ray diffraction measurements of PLA pellets and BBR-loaded PLA nanofiber scaffolds were analyzed with Cu Kα radiation in a 2θ range from 5 to 80° using EQUINOX 5000 – Thermo Scientific X-ray diffractometer. Static

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• nanoparticles is presented separately in the subsequent sections to verify the catalog information provided by the manufacturer. In the characterization of the nanoparticles used in the study, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction

• micrograph and b) EDS analysis of Al2O3 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction pattern of Al2O3 nanoparticles [21]. The a) FE-SEM micrograph with a scale bar of 20 µm, b) FE-SEM micrograph with a scale bar of 10 µm, and c) EDS analysis of the graphene nanoplatelets. The XRD pattern of the graphene nanoplatelets

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• , this distinction in fundamental chemistry has significant implications for the structures and properties of the resulting fibers. To date, structure–property characterizations of Technora® in the literature have primarily focused on (i) X-ray diffraction (XRD), (ii) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• . Composition and β-phase content of the piezoelectric composite films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the composite film fibers was observed through scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/graphene composite film was encapsulated in a sandwich-structure heart sound

• underwent characterization through electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and piezoelectric performance testing. The results indicated that the piezoelectric film with a composition ratio of 12% P(VDF-TrFE) + 10% ZnO + 0.1% GR exhibited superior performance regarding various aspects. Consequently, in

• -TrFE)/ZnO flexible piezoelectric composite films without GR. Analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the β-phase content of P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR piezoelectric composite films was higher than that of P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO and P(VDF-TrFE). P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR was packaged into a flexible

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• medium observed after the initial stage could be attributed to the gradual release of drug molecules from the matrix core, where the drug is mainly located according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results [33]. Remarkably, although our NLC possess a comparatively lower drug load, the maximal accumulated drug

• to the dispersion for contrast enhancement. X-ray diffraction structural analysis Small angle X-ray scattering/wide angle X-ray scattering measurements were performed using a XEUSS 2.0 equipment (XENOCS, France). Patterns were registered with two synchronous 2D photon-counting pixel X-ray detectors

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• potential measurements, which were measured on a nanoPartica Horiba SZ-100 (Japan). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were obtained using a Bruker Tensor 27 FTIR spectrophotometer (Germany). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were collected using a Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer. The

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• and transferred to a ceramic crucible. The mixture was heated at 750 °C in argon gas flow for 3 h. The obtained solid was re-ground and denoted as Ge/C-SS750. Material characterization X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD, Bruker D8 Advance with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) at 40 kV and 40 mA) were