Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• nanoscale is crucially important. Microscale bearings made of Ni-based MGs lasted four times longer than those machined from sintered alloy [12]. Corrosive degradation, as one of the major failure mechanisms of metals and alloys, is an important issue in engineering applications of MGs. Protective oxide

• offers unique methods to resolve the microscopic corrosion process in situ. Although results were reported here for metallic glasses, we suggest that the study of surface layers and charges by nanotribology can be extended to the understanding of corrosion mechanisms in other metal and alloy systems

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• (GNP2) presented good osseointegration [61]. In another recent study, TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) were grown on the surface of medical-grade titanium alloy and then coated with silver nps (Ag nps) to improve the antimicrobial properties of the implants. Moreover, to avoid direct contact of Ag nps with human

• , titanium nitride (TiN) coating has been licensed by the FDA to be used in titanium alloy components for enhancing durability and corrosion resistance in surgical steel, orthodontics, hip prostheses, and cardiovascular biomaterials [69]. A titania/glass ceramic (TiGC) scaffold was fabricated and coated with

• by DOX exposure directly to healthy cells and tissues [108]. In another study, gentamicin was loaded onto nanostructures (nanotubes and nanopores) of a titanium/zirconium alloy nanocomposite (TiZr) coated with chitosan. This composite system followed the Lindner–Lippold mechanism of drug release. The

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• polarization [4]. This all-optical toggle switching is explained by the different speeds of demagnetization of Gd and the 3d metal in the ferrimagnetic alloy or in bilayers upon exposure to the laser pulse, together with the conservation of angular momentum during the laser-induced demagnetization [16][17][18

• different sample [21]. Our results show that laser-induced domain-wall motion can occur together with all-optical switching and can contribute to local non-deterministic behavior in the toggle switching. Experimental The sample was a Gd26Fe74 rare-earth–transition-metal (RE–TM) alloy film with 15 nm

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• SoL is presented including monometallic and alloy NPs, oxide NPs, thin films, and nanocomposites and their promising optical, luminescence, and catalytic properties. Review 1 Theoretical background 1.1 Techniques available for the synthesis of NPs The mass production of NPs with controlled

• ) or to perform co-sputtering with two alloy targets to deposit coatings containing, for instance, four different elements. Industrial-sized coaters, especially in the optical coating industry, rely on several meter-long rotating cylindrical targets [32]. In MS configuration, the combined magnetic and

• segmented, alloy, or pressed powder-based targets [49][50]. However, one should pay attention to the fact that the elemental composition of the deposited material might not be identical to the elemental composition of the sputter target. Various phenomena may intervene here such as a difference in the

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• ). Cantilevers with a conductive coating or a Pt/Ir alloy (PPP-NCSTPt by Nanosensors, Switzerland) were used for the KPFM measurements. In the present study, grains with a high surface potential were chosen for polarization experiments, as they are likely to represent ceria, while electron-conductive phases

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• (DFT). Our DFT calculations reveal that π-SnSe features an optical bandgap of 1.41 eV and has an exceptionally large lattice constant (12.2 Å, P213). We report several thermodynamic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of this π-SnSe phase for the first time. Our finding shows that the π-SnSe alloy

• explore the optoelectronic properties of π-SnSe for applications in solar energy as well. As, this new cubic π-SnSe phase has a large lattice constant (a0 = 11.88 Å) and belongs to the class of non-centrosymmetric crystals, promising and intriguing valuable properties might occur in this alloy. In this

• paper, we have theoretically explored the physical properties of this new binary phase of cubic π-SnSe alloy. Although one study has experimentally demonstrated the mechanical stability of the π-SnSe phase [47], to the best of our knowledge, optical, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric properties of this

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• power by 32% for an injection current of 100 mA [102]. By incorporating AgNP in F8BT, the current efficiency increased by a factor of 75, along with an approximate two-fold enhancement in the EL intensity [103]. You et al. have examined the PL emission from a ZnMgO alloy with a surface-capping of PtNP

• with thickness values ranging from 2 to 8 nm and with AgNP of 6 nm of thickness [104]. A six-fold and a two–fold enhancement in the PL emission has been observed by capping the ZnMgO alloy with Pt and AgNP, respectively. Figure 9a is the PL spectra of the ZnMgO, Pt/ZnMgO, Ag/ZnMgO and PtNP at room

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• instability, slow sodiation kinetics, and SEI breakaway. The low cycle stability is caused by the considerable volume expansion in the range of 300–500% during sodiation of these elements, which threatens the integrity of the anode [73][74][76]. One solution to this drawback is down-sizing the active alloy to

• ]. The latter can be achieved, for instance, by electro-spinning of carbon–Sb nanofibers, which delivered up to 630 mAh·g−1 at a rate of C/15 [78] (Figure 10B). Further examples are alloy/carbon nanocomposites consisting of Sn/graphene [79], Sb/graphene [80], Sn/carbon foams [79], red P/carbon aerogel

• anode delivered 625 mAh·g−1 [26]. Also, silicon itself is also another promising material for sodium alloy anodes as its theoretical Na storage capacity of 954 mAh·g−1 (NaSi phase) even exceeds the one of tin (847 mAh·g−1) [26]. The low electrochemical reactivity and structural stability of crystalline

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• ethylene glycol in a molar ratio of 1:2 for electrodeposition of a zinc–nickel alloy to provide corrosion protection [90]. Due to the ever-rising interest in DESs for nanomaterial synthesis, a fundamental understanding regarding interfacial behavior and mass transport, such as ionic adsorption, surface

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• ], tungsten [83][84][85], an Fe–Zr alloy [86], a Y2O3/Fe bilayer [87], and nanocluster films of magnetite and core–shell iron–magnetite nanoparticles [88]. In these studies, various implantation effects have been investigated, including the tendency for grain boundaries and interfaces to act as sinks for

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• modulates the geometry of the nanostructures. The Mn–Ge alloy nanowires are single-crystalline structures with homogeneous composition and uniform width along their length. The shape evolution towards nanowires occurs for islands with a mean size of ≃170 nm. The wires, up to ≃1.1 μm long, asymptotically

• properties of the Mn–Ge alloy to design and fabricate novel nanodevices. Keywords: nanowires; semi-metallic Ge–Mn alloy; strain-induced growth; Introduction Metallic and semimetallic nanowires (NWs) have attracted vast interest in nanoscale electronic and spintronic systems due to their thermal [1

• −x alloy (x ≤ 5%), the formation of Mn11Ge8 and Mn5Ge3 phases is energetically favoured with a preference for the latter [19][20][21][22][23][24][27][37]. Under the same annealing conditions, for a Mn film thickness of 4.5 ML a drastic change of the resulting morphology is observed with the

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• Dresden-Rossendorf, Department of Reactive Transport, Institute of Resource Ecology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.12.16 Abstract Highly ordered titanium oxide films grown on a Pt3Ti(111) alloy surface were utilized for the controlled immobilization and tip-induced electric

• alloy surface to different oxygen doses at elevated temperatures results in the formation of several atomically thin and highly ordered TiOx phases, which were described in detail elsewhere [22][23]. Depending on the preparation conditions, up to four different TiOx phases can be prepared on the Pt3Ti

• points, identical oxide phases by electron beam evaporation of Ti on Pt(111) at increased oxygen partial pressures. However, the direct oxidation of the Pt3Ti alloy surface has the advantage of an easier reproducibility and an increased long-range order of the individual oxide phases [22]. For this study

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• and copper alloy ranging from 45 to 200 nm in size and with pronounced pentagonal structures were synthesized in [5] by the joint reduction of gold and copper salts. Here, elemental mapping of Cu and Au, using scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, confirms the

• , during chemical synthesis, the preferred internal ordering and composition of the nanoparticles of the Cu–Au alloy, even at room temperature, is a very complex process that depends on the particle size and on the environmental properties [10]. Compared to chemical methods, physical methods offer a better

• amorphous carbon or magnesium oxide substrates by the laser evaporation of a bulk alloy with various stoichiometric compositions (Cu–Au, Cu3Au, and Au3Cu). An analysis of individual clusters carried out by using electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that Cu

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• and the NaOH solution, resulting in a Ni(OH)2/NiFe-PBA core–shell structure [44][45][46]. During the calcination process, Ni(OH)2 was converted into NiCx, and the NiFe-PBA core was converted into a NiFe alloy coated with N-doped carbon. The microstructure of NiFe-PBA/PP-T was evaluated by SEM. Figure

• (JCPDS No: 41-1487). In the XRD pattern of NiFe-PBA/PP-700, three peaks at 43.6°, 50.8°, and 74.7° were attributed to the (111), (200), and (220) planes of the Awaruite phase of the Fe0.64Ni0.36 alloy (JCPDS No: 47-1405). After the sample was heated to 900 °C, the three peaks of the Fe0.64Ni0.36 alloy

• were evenly distributed in the selected area. In other words, N-doped carbon was formed as a support material. The images also show that Fe and Ni uniformly covered the entire particles, forming Fe and Ni alloy particles. To gain further information on the chemical state and element composition on the

Mapping of integrated PIN diodes with a 3D architecture by scanning microwave impedance microscopy and dynamic spectroscopy

• Rosine Coq Germanicus,
• Peter De Wolf,
• Florent Lallemand,
• Catherine Bunel,
• Serge Bardy,
• Hugues Murray and
• Ulrike Lüders

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1764–1775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.159

• , an electrical back contact is created between the microscope chuck and the sample. Results and Discussion The vertical PIN structure Figure 2 shows the surface topography of the cross section of the PIN diode. The different materials used (silicon substrate, epitaxial layers, oxides, and alloy metals

Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• compared with ion beams such as lithium, beryllium, boron, and silicon, obtained from a mass-separated FIB using a liquid metal alloy ion source (LMAIS) with respect to the imaging and milling resolution, as well as the current stability. Simulations were carried out to investigate whether the

• resolution of Ne+ from a gas field ion source. The comparison allows one to select the best possible ion species for the specific demands in terms of resolution, beam current, and volume to be drilled. Keywords: focused ion beam; gas field ion source; liquid metal alloy ion source; resolution; Introduction

• (MOTISs) [12] or classical FIBs equipped with mass separation and liquid metal alloy ion sources working with suitable alloys containing light elements [2]. In the past, mostly heavier ions have been used in liquid metal alloy ion sources (LMAISs). A number of applications have been shown, including using

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• of the polymer. Effects of subsurface and surface processes on the surface morphology have been studied for three polymer materials: poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and polydimethylsiloxane, by using focused ion beam irradiation with He+, Ne+, and Ga+. Thin films of a Pt60Pd40 alloy and of

• wrinkle-like micropatterns [23][24]. In this work, we have employed thin films of a Pt60Pd40 alloy and of pristine Au. The primary reason for this choice was the difference in their microstructures, specifically in the availability of structural defects capable of providing the release of gases from

• fabricate a uniform layer that is free from any spinning-induced structural anisotropy [40]. The PC samples were 10 × 10 mm2 square pieces cut from 1.5 mm thick wafers of an optical-grade PC polymer manufactured by microfluidic ChipShop GmbH. Thin metal films of either a Pt60Pd40 alloy or of Au were

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Said A. Mansour,
• Mujaheed Pasha,
• Atef Zekri,
• Janarthanan Ponraj,
• Akshath Shetty and
• Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

• Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, TX 78363, USA 10.3762/bjnano.11.143 Abstract The oxidation of Au/Ag alloy thin films using radio-frequency oxygen plasma was studied in this work. It was demonstrated that there is a phase separation occurring between

• a few have reported on the oxidation of silver alloys [15][20][21]. Gao et al. investigated the oxidation of Ag/Cu alloy by exposure to atomic oxygen. They demonstrated that the resistance of silver against corrosion by atomic oxygen was improved due to the presence of copper in the alloy [21]. From

• gold/silver oxide nanostructures [20]. Starting from Au/Ag alloy nanospheres, they showed that gold/silver oxide core/shell nanospheres with a hollow interior could be obtained after oxidation using atomic oxygen. In this study we further explored the oxidation and phase separation events observed by

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• nanopores. Results and Discussion Fabrication of arrayed nanopores on the Mg surface Surface roughness and chemical composition have a strong influence on the intensity of Raman signals. PEO was employed to fabricate a porous oxide layer on a Mg alloy surface, which benefits from the increase of surface

• roughness and shows the potential for storing micro- or nanoparticles. During PEO treatment, the intrinsic passivation layer of the Mg alloy is disrupted in random positions through local melting during electrical breakdowns. After cooling by the electrolyte, a stable oxide layer containing arrayed pores is

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• the Al2O3(1−102) substrate. Samples grown at this condition possess a high residual resistivity ratio of 15–20. By using neutron reflectometry we show that Fe/Nb superlattices with x < 4 nm form a depth-modulated FeNb alloy with concentration of iron varying between 60% and 90%. This alloy has weak

• between the SLDs of Fe and Nb. Interdiffusion will lead to suppression of the contrast and, hence, of R1. Assuming that the packing density Nav is the same for both layers, we may estimate the concentration of Fe in the FecNb1−c alloy as where = ρ/Nav is the averaged coherent scattering length of the

• a rather low RRR of 3.4, which is attributed to enhanced scattering of conduction electrons at the grain boundaries. Neutron reflectometry has shown that Fe/Nb superlattices with x ≤ 2.5 nm form a depth-modulated FeNb alloy with the concentration of iron varying within the superlattice unit cell

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• over calcium hydride and sodium/benzophenone, respectively. For recrystallization n-pentane was dried by distillation over sodium/potassium eutectic alloy. SEM measurements were performed with an XL30 FEG (Philips) system. Contact angles and NIR-spectroscopic analysis were performed with DSA30 (Krüss

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• of the alloy composition. Thin films were also prepared by aerosol spray pyrolysis deposition using the same sol–gel precursors for the purpose of comparison. The prepared films were tested for photodetector applications. Keywords: aerosol spray pyrolysis deposition; energy band tails; photodetector

• ; photoluminescence; photosensitivity; spin coating; thin films; ZnMgO semiconductor alloy; Introduction The ZnMgO solid solution system is of interest due to the possibility to tailor many important physical properties by varying their composition. This alloy system covers a wide ultraviolet (UV) spectral range

• structures are used, namely, hexagonal wurtzite structure (w-ZnMgO), cubic rock salt structure (c-ZnMgO) and films with mixed-phase (m-ZnMgO) [5]. Since the crystal structure of the alloy changes from w-ZnMgO to c-ZnMgO with increasing Mg content, the coexistence of two structures in ZnMgO films is

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• ; epitaxial superconductor–ferromagnet heterostructure; palladium–iron alloy (PdFe); vanadium nitride (VN); superconducting spintronics; Introduction Since its invention, rapid single-flux quantum (RSFQ) logic [1][2] based on superconducting digital electronics has been seriously considered as an alternative

• of niobium as a superconductor with a Pd1−xFex alloy as a soft and weak ferromagnet was considered as material of choice for superconducting magnetic random access memories (MRAM) [8][29][30]. However, no further developments towards a prototype using a Pd1−xFex alloy have been demonstrated. There

• impurities and to nanoclustering of the alloy. Following the development of a way to grow single-crystalline, magnetically homogeneous epitaxial Pd1−xFex films on MgO(001) single-crystalline substrates [33], we propose fully epitaxial Pd1−xFex/VN and VN/Pd1−xFex (x ≤ 0.08) building blocks as an alternative

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• of an ITO sandwich electrode with Ag alloy against heat treatment at 450 °C was carried out by Roh et al. [30]. An appreciable durability and stability of the Ag films was observed. In the present work, the structural, optical and electrical properties of an Al–Ag bilayer between ITO layers (ITO/Al