High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• identified in the spectrum of the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA composite. The C 1s core-level spectrum can be deconvolved into three peaks, which correspond to the C–C (284.8 eV), C–OH (286.3 eV) and O=C–O (288.4 eV) bonds (Figure 4b) [34]. In Figure 4c, two peaks are observed at 780.9 and 796.6 eV corresponding to Co

• spectrum where two characteristic peaks appear at 856.5 and 874.3 eV along with two shake-up satellite peaks with a spin-energy separation of 17.8 eV, corresponding to the Ni 2p3/2 and the Ni 2p1/2 levels of Ni2+ [37][38]. The Mo 3d core-level spectrum (Figure 4e) shows two main peaks at 232.4 and 235.5 eV

• corresponding to the Mo 3d5/2 and Mo 3d3/2 levels of Mo6+, respectively [39]. Figure 4f shows the core-level spectrum of O 1s. It can be divided into two main peaks at 530.4 and 531.2 eV, which are attributed to typical metal–oxygen bonds and oxygen ions of low coordination numbers at the surface, respectively

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• is assigned to the stretching vibration of the C–N group, which is a residue of the thiourea decomposition [37][38]. In order to investigate the variation of the chemical states (CSs) of the S-doped (001)-TiO2 as a function of the RS/Ti, core level XPS of the Ti 2p, O 1s and S 2p regions was

• TiO2 and TiOx for Ti [40][41] and TiO2 and –OH for O [42][43]. Moreover, the ratios of the CSs of Ti and O in TiO2 do not change significantly with RS/Ti when S-doping is carried out at 180 °C. The core-level XP spectra of the Ti 2p, O 1s and S 2p regions for all the S-doped samples synthesized at 250

• -S0, 2-S0, and 2-S2. The FTIR spectra of 1-S0, 1-S2 and 1-S5 (a); 2-S0, 2-S2 and 2-S5 (b). Core-level XP spectra of Ti 2p (a and d), O 1s (b and e) and S 2p (c and f) for 2-S1 and 2-S3. The solid line is the experimental curve, the dashed line is the fitted curve, and the open circles are the sum of

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Doina Craciun,
• Florin Garoi,
• Catalin Negrila,
• Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

• samples are presented in Table 3 together with the relative atomic concentrations. The high-resolution spectra of these core level transitions are also depicted in Figure 4a (In 3d), Figure 4b (Sn 3d) and Figure 4c (O 1s) [37][38]. The binding energy of the thermally treated samples is slightly shifted

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• –Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area was evaluated by N2 adsorption measurements (BELSORP Max, Microtrac BEL). Samples were placed in a tube and degassed at 200 °C for 2 h under dynamic vacuum conditions. C 1s, N 1s, O 1s, and P 2p core-level X-ray photoelectron spectra were recorded using Mg Kα radiation

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• of the MoS2 sheets. Components originating from MoS2 and MoO3 were identified in the core-level Mo 3d spectrum (Figure 3). The positions of the individual components are in agreement with previous reports for MoS2 and MoO3 [37][38]. The deconvolution revealed that the MoO3 content was about ≈12 atom

• MoS2-based composite paper showing its size and flexibility. SEM micrographs of (a,b) plane and (c,d) cross-section images of the composite paper at different magnifications. Core-level X-ray photoelectron spectra of a) Mo 3d region, b) S 2p region, and c) C 1s region. Charging–discharging curves of

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• ]. The fine structure excited by ultrasoft X-ray (synchrotron) quanta close to a given atom’s core level absorption resonance has a very developed fine structure with all its features related to the density of electronic states. This at least allows for qualitative experimental information about the

• ) spectra in turn represent transitions from the core 1s states of oxygen atoms to the free p-states in the conduction band. XPS is a direct experimental technique allowing the detection of the charge state of the atoms. High energy resolution XPS spectra of core level chemical shifts can give information

• ) the binding energy was in good agreement with the binding energy in the reference sample (487.1 and 530.9 eV, respectively). The core level binding energy in the wire sample was at lower values of 486.6 (Sn 3d5/2) and 530.4 (O 1s). These values were also observed on natural oxides formed on pure

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• nature of the bonding of the thiols we investigated the chemical shift of the S 2p core level. The S 2p spectra acquired on the samples show a doublet structure that can be ascribed to the S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 peaks. All spectra were fitted using a 2:1 peak area ratio and a 1.2 eV splitting, as shown for

• MWCNTs. N/T: Not tested. Supporting Information The chemical structure of the different thiols tested. Representation of self-assembled monolayers. Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes. Deconvolution of the C 1s core level peak for Au-MWCNTs using XPS. Table with the relative abundance (%) analyzed by

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• the C 1s spectrum correspond to C–C bonds in rGO, N–C=N/C–O bonds in g-C3N4 and rGO, and C=O and O−C=O bonds in rGO, respectively [33][34]. The core-level N 1s profile shows (Figure 3c) three deconvoluted peaks at binding energies of 398.8, 400.6, and 401.8 eV, which are attributed to the sp2

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• ]. The Ti 2p core level spectra are the same for all three sample types, here exemplified by thymine Ti 2p (Figure 12). The 457.8 eV binding energy of the Ti 2p3/2 peak point towards predominant Ti–O-type bonding. We confirmed this by the 5.8 eV split spin-orbit energy difference. In addition, we

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• analysis, that confirmed the presence of all the expected elements (Cu, Zn, Sn, S), while high-resolution core-level spectra were acquired to prove the oxidation state expected for the CZTS compound (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). The Raman spectra presented in the manuscript were acquired with

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• system with a base pressure of 10−9 mbar. Adventitious carbon was removed from the surface by 1 min, 2 kV Ar+ ion sputtering. To prevent charging a combination of electron and ion neutralization was employed. The Ru 3d and O 1s XPS core level spectra were analyzed using a fitting routine which decomposes

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• Fe2O3 and oxide-hydroxide. It is reported that the typical value for the satellite peak of Fe2+ (FeO) is 715.5 eV [30] and main 2p peak centered at 708 eV [31], while metallic iron has the main peak at much lower binding energy (706.7 eV). The O 1s core level spectra, shown in Figure 5b, was reproduced

• peaks are attributed to other O–C groups and adsorbed water [32][33]. C–O contributions can be also observed in the C 1s core level spectra in Figure 5c by the presence of the peak at 288.6 eV. This contribution is higher in the spectrum recorded on sample A, where the highest amount of oxygen was found

• (c) and acetone (d). Different decoration densities for different decoration ratios of 1:1 (a), 1:1.3 (b) and 1:1.5 (c). High magnification HRTEM images of MWCNTs decorated with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The inset shows the electron diffraction pattern (SAED) for the selected area. XPS core level spectra

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• ZTO0.44 sample and is directly dependent on the Zn/Sn vapor flow ratio. High-resolution XPS core level spectra of Sn3d, O1s, F1s and Zn2p were made for the highest Zn-doped sample (ZTO0.44) and the only the fluorine-doped sample (ZTOst). The binding energies were calibrated using the C1s peak at 284.4 eV

Ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide, polyaniline and hexaniobate: hierarchical architecture and high polaron formation

• Claudio H. B. Silva,
• Maria Iliut,
• Christopher Muryn,
• Christian Berger,
• Zachary Coldrick,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Marcia L. A. Temperini and
• Aravind Vijayaraghavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2936–2946, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.272

• level photoelectrons present slightly different binding energies depending on the environment of the carbon atoms. Figure 4 shows the high-resolution XPS spectra at the C 1s core level for GO and rGO samples prepared by reactions at 25 °C for 7 days and at 80 °C for 3 h (rGO-25 and rGO-80, respectively

• degree of reduction of the rGO-80 sample. This also points out the very important role of the temperature on the recovery of the sp2 carbon network in graphene oxide. Analogously to C 1s, XPS spectra at the N 1s core level can be discussed in detail and provide interesting structural information on the

• information on the oxidation and doping states of the polymer in PANI-based materials. Figure 5 shows XPS spectra at the N 1s core level of PANI and rGO/PANI and rGO/PANI/hexNb nanocomposites, and the respective curve fitting results. The N 1s peak of PANI-based materials is dominated by an amine (–NH

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• . Figure 5b,c depicts the high-resolution XPS core-level W4f and O1s spectra, respectively. The W 4f orbitals in Figure 5b are almost identical in the three samples and can be resolved into W 4f5/2 and W 4f7/2. The two main peaks correspond to the W4f7/2 and W4f5/2 of the tungsten atoms in a +6 oxidation

• , respectively. High-resolution XPS core-level b) W4f and c) O1s spectra of the three as-synthesized samples. CV curves of the three samples at a) the 1st cycle and b) the 500th cycle; schematic illustration of ion intercalation into c) WO3·2H2O, d) WO3·H2O, and e) WO3. SEM images of the three typical samples

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• same spectra measured for the as-prepared film and for bulk Au are added. The binding energy of the Au 4f core-level shifts, depending on cluster size, cluster–substrate interactions, cluster morphology and charge transfer between cluster and substrates [23][24]. Additionally, the peak ratio of the Au

Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates

• Noel Kennedy,
• Ray Duffy,
• Luke Eaton,
• Dan O’Connell,
• Scott Monaghan,
• Shane Garvey,
• James Connolly,
• Chris Hatem,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Brenda Long

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2106–2113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.199

• dwell time of 0.3 s and a pass energy of 50 eV. Core-level scans were acquired at the applicable binding energy range with a step size of 0.1 eV, dwell time of 0.1 s and pass energy of 20 eV averaged over 10 scans. A non-monochromated Al Kα X-ray source at 200 W power was used for all scans. All spectra

Metal-free catalysis based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials: a photoelectron spectroscopy point of view

• Mattia Scardamaglia and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2015–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.191

• exhibits a vacancy as neighbor. The different nitrogen configurations are easily distinguished by XPS according to the binding energy of the N 1s core level spectra. The pyridinic configuration is usually found at 398–399 eV, the pyrrolic configuration and other defective components at 399.5–400.5 eV, and

• -doping effect. This behavior is reflected in the DOS at the Fermi level, and it can be clearly observed in Figure 3 in which the VB spectra of N-doped CNTs are reported together with the respective N 1s core level spectra [58]. After plasma exposure, the amount of pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen

• , 550 and 750 °C, allowing one to obtain approximately the same amount of nitrogen (around 7 atom %) but different ratios between graphitic N and pyridinic N of 0.7 and 2.3, respectively. The obtained N 1s core level spectra are shown in Figure 8a,b. The reported catalytic activity measured by CV and

Toward the use of CVD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets as field-emission source

• Geetanjali Deokar,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Junjie Li,
• Francis Leonard Deepak,
• Wei Ou-Yang,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jean-Francois Colomer and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1686–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.160

• indicates the presence of more than three layers of MoS2 [23]. The chemical state of the as-grown samples was investigated by XPS. The Mo 3d, S 2p and O 1s high-resolution core-level spectrum fits are presented in Figure 2b,c. The corresponding data analysis results are given in Table S1 (Supporting

• Information File 1). In the high-resolution Mo 3d core-level spectrum fit, the doublet Mo 3d5/2 and Mo 3d3/2 peaks at 228.9 and 232 eV, respectively, are attributed to the formation of MoS2 (Figure 2b) [23][24]. This is further confirmed by the presence of a shoulder in the S 2s region at 226.2 eV [23]. A

• the S 2p core-level spectrum fit presented in Figure 2c, with the S 2p3/2 and S 2p1/2 component peaks appearing at 161.8 and 163 (MoS3) eV (Table S1, Supporting Information File 1), respectively, with a spin–orbit energy separation of 1.2 eV corresponding to MoS2 (S2− oxidation state) [24]. In the O

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• , b) TEM and (c) HRTEM image of sample TGN-branch 4 h. The inset in (b) shows the corresponding SAED pattern. Raman spectra of samples TGN and TGN-branch 4 h recorded over the range of (a) 100–1000 cm−1 and (b) 1000–2000 cm−1. (a) XPS survey spectrum and core level XPS spectra of (b) Ti 2p, (c) C 1s

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• II UPS sensitivity area. Band bending was observed at the interface between the ZnO thin film and β-CD on top. While the Zn 3d and VB energy changes are ≈0.40 eV, Zn 2p as the main Zn core level shifts ≈0.50 eV towards lower binding energy. The different traces of VBonset and VBmax are attributed to

Graphene composites with dental and biomedical applicability

• Sharali Malik,
• Felicite M. Ruddock,
• Adam H. Dowling,
• Kevin Byrne,
• Wolfgang Schmitt,
• Ivan Khalakhan,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Lok Kumar Shrestha,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 801–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.73

• 0.47 eV). High resolution spectra for the core level C 1s and O 1s were recorded in 0.05 eV steps. An electron flood gun was used during the measurements to prevent sample charging. The FLG material was also characterized by TEM, HRTEM (Jeol ARM at 80 kV) and helium ion microscopy (HeIM, Zeiss Orion at

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• and B-6 samples. They are characteristics of Zn 2p1/2 at 1043 eV and Zn 2p3/2 at 1020 eV ascribed to the Zn2+ state [47]. In the Zn 2p core level of B-4, a pair of satellite peaks are observed with binding energy of 1045.65 and 1022.65 eV, which are probably caused by the change of chemical state of

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• analyzer with a 128-channel detector. Survey data were collected at 200 eV pass energy and an energy resolution of 1 eV/step, while core level data were collected at 50 eV pass energy and 0.1 eV/step energy resolution. Sample charging was eliminated by using the dual-beam charge compensation source of the