Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry

• Elisabeth Hengge,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Rupert Bachler,
• Alexander Dennig,
• Bernd Nidetzky and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2275–2279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.219

• approaches to modify a gold surface. However, only few techniques are capable of characterizing the formation of these monolayers on porous substrates. Here, we present a method to in situ monitor the adsorption and desorption of self-assembled monolayers on nanoporous gold by resistometry, using cysteine as

• example. During the adsorption an overall relative change in resistance of 18% is detected, which occurs in three distinct stages. First, the cysteine molecules are adsorbed on the outer surface. In the second stage, they are adsorbed on the internal surfaces and in the last stage the reordering

• accompanied by additional adsorption takes place. The successful binding of cysteine on the Au surface was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, which showed a significant decrease of the double-layer capacitance. Also, the electrochemically controlled desorption of cysteine was monitored by concomitant in situ

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• Zagreb, Croatia 10.3762/bjnano.10.175 Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the nano–bio interactions between endogenous biothiols (cysteine and glutathione) with biomedically relevant, metallic nanoparticles (silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)), in order to assess the

• +). The comparison with data published on polymer-coated nanoparticles evidenced that surface modification with biothiols made them safer for the biological environment. In vitro evaluation on human cells demonstrated that the toxicity of AgNPs and AuNPs prepared in the presence of cysteine was similar to

• . Keywords: biocompatibility; cysteine; ecotoxicity; glutathione; nano–bio interactions; nanosafety; nanotoxicity; Introduction Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver and gold have been employed in a wide range of products and applications in the biomedical field owing to their remarkable physico

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• , supplementary studies will be performed to investigate the activity of hydrophilic antioxidant molecules, such as ascorbic acid and N-acetyl-cysteine, loaded in NLCs and in comparison with conventional “non-nano” formulations. In addition, since some authors have demonstrated that CS induces depletion of some

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• cysteine and variable modification: oxidation of methionine, allowing for three variable PTM per peptide; (c) precursor mass error tolerance of 5 ppm; (d) fragment mass error tolerance of 1 Da. Proteins with a −log P value > 80 were considered to be reliable. Cell culture HepG2 cells were cultivated in 75

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• -soluble NCs and impurities. The separation by conventional purification techniques such as extraction, precipitation, chromatography or dialysis is incomplete. Some research in our group has already addressed the purification and separation of water-soluble N-acetyl-L-cysteine monolayer-protected

Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology

• Gonzalo Villaverde and
• Alejandro Baeza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16

• may also bind to the “secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine” (SPARC) present in the extracellular matrix, facilitating the approximation to tumoral cells. This is the postulated mechanism of action of Abraxane®, one of the most commonly administered nanomedicines based on albumin today (Figure

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• therefore lead to different SERS spectra. This feature was observed also for zwitterionic L-cysteine [34][35][36]. In view of the results presented here, L-cysteine is chemisorbed via its COO− group to the silver surface at Ag+ SERS-active sites when using cit-AgNPs as a SERS substrate. However, in Cl

• − activated colloids, L-cysteine is chemisorbed by its NH3+ group at Cl− SERS-active sites. Conclusion We described a simple protocol for synthesizing Cl-AgNPs with a mean diameter of 36 nm by photoconversion from AgCl precursor microparticles, in the absence of any organic reducing or capping agent. The as

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• allows several molecular precursors to be employed, such as amino acids in aqueous solution [3]. As an example, L-tyrosine was used to form hydrophobic CNDs able to sense ions and silver nanoparticles [4]. Arginine or cysteine have also been efficiently employed as starting materials through a

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• one of three inexpensive, widely available, and environmentally benign short ditopic ligands: cysteamine, dithiothreitol and cysteine in aqueous solution. The self-assembly of our extended structures is enforced by hydrogen bonding. Varying the ligand concentration modulates the extent and density of

• AgNPs modified by increasing amounts of the three H-bonding ligands: cysteamine, dithiothreitol (DTT) and cysteine. All spectra show a band at 398–410 nm, corresponding to the expected local plasmon resonance for spherical silver nanoparticles of this size. With the addition of a ditopic ligand, this

• -defined, distinct longitudinal band implies that the silver nanoparticles are forming anisotropic aggregates. For cysteine and DTT, at very high ligand-to-nanoparticle ratios, the transverse and longitudinal collapse into a single very broad resonance, which indicates a loss of structural anisotropy in

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• the protein cytochrome c. cytochrome c acts as an electron shuttle and as a respiratory redox protein [44]. It also assists as an important mediator in the apoptotic pathways [44]. Due to a free surface-accessible cysteine it is well known to readily adsorb onto gold surfaces and is often used to

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• combined the covalent coupling of biotinylated linkers to a tailored virus variant, and subsequent bioaffinity binding of commercially available streptavidin [SA]-enzyme conjugates (Figure 5A). A genetically modified TMV (TMVCys) with a cysteine residue (S3C) surface-exposed nearby every CP N-terminus [61

• exposed serine by a cysteine residue, which then was equipped with its analogue Sec through heterologous expression in a bacterial system auxotrophic in cysteine (Figure 7). Not only did this protein organize itself into higher-order complexes under suitable conditions, after trapping reduced glutathione

• into enzymatically active rod-like assemblies. By exchanging suitably exposed natural surface residues of a cysteine-free CP mutant for an Arg residue (interacting with reduced glutathione), and a Sec moiety introduced at a cysteine codon through an auxotrophic bacterial expression system (by replacing

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• inorganic material. Here, we use hemolysin coregulated protein 1 (Hcp1) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a building and gluing unit for the formation of biohybrid structures by implementing cysteine anchoring points at defined positions on the protein rim (Hcp1_cys3). We successfully apply the Hcp1_cys3

• magnetic field and connected by utilization of cysteine-modified Hcp1. After lyophilization, a fiber-like material of micrometer scale length can be observed. The Fe3O4 Hcp1_cys3 fibers show superparamagnetic behavior with a decreasing blocking temperature and an increasing remanent magnetization leading

• nanotechnological building block [19][20] (protein data bank (PDB) code: 1Y12) for the fabrication of magnetically and plasmonically active assemblies. The cysteine-modified mutant (Hcp1_cys3) of the native Hcp1 protein is proven to be a great candidate, triggering the assembly of CdSe quantum dots and Au NPs into

Surface coating affects behavior of metallic nanoparticles in a biological environment

• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Ivona Capjak,
• Tea Crnković,
• Marija Lovrić,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Ivana Vinković Vrček and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 246–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.23

• surface. BSA may be bound by a relatively strong covalent bond between the NPs surface and cysteine groups or via protein–protein electrostatic or depletion interactions. If both interactions take place simultaneously, the thickness of a PC will vary depending on the type of NP. The ELS data showed that

• positively charged lysine and cysteine [60]. Therefore, its interaction with NPs is hardly trivial. The most important observation of this study is that BSA enables a colloidal stabilization of metallic NPs in biological fluids regardless of their chemical composition, surface structure and surface charge

Surface-site reactivity in small-molecule adsorption: A theoretical study of thiol binding on multi-coordinated gold clusters

• Elvis C. M. Ting,
• Tatiana Popa and
• Irina Paci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 53–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.6

• ], and for developing a general understanding of nanoparticle biosafety [21][22], among other issues. The sulfur-containing aminoacids cysteine, homocysteine and methionine are often targeted for such investigations, because of the binding affinity of sulfur-based groups to metal atoms. Much is known of

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• -acetylcysteine, cysteine hydrochloride or glutathione) can form specific, self-assembled nanostructures when deposited on mica by dip coating. The mechanism of adsorption is based on molecule-to-substrate interactions between carboxylic groups and mica. Intermolecular cross-linking by hydrogen bonds was also

• derivatives of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), cysteine hydrochloride (Cys-HCl) and glutathione (GSH). Such self-assembled PSAMs based on polysilsesquioxane materials are attractive for surface nanopatterning and bioengineering, including preparation of surfaces rich in organic groups typical of the extracellular

• silsesquioxanes (LPSQ-COOH/X) were prepared (Scheme 1, Table 1) by the two-step addition of organic thio-derivatives, i.e., thioglycolic acid, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH) and cysteine hydrochloride (Cys-HCl), to the side chains of vinyl-containing LPSQ precursors obtained by polycondensation of

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• subunit [76] were chemically equipped with a dense peptide coating via succinimidyl ester-activated, bifunctional, PEG-based linkers, and their subsequent maleimide-mediated conjugation to thiol groups of terminal cysteine residues present in every peptide. Five different peptide sequences were selected

• -maleimidopropionamido)-tetraethylene glycol ester, SM(PEG)4) serving as spacers and adapters for mineralization-affecting peptides. These were installed via maleimide-mediated conjugation of the cysteine sulfhydryl groups of the peptides. The resulting five distinct types of TMVLys–PEG–peptide particles with their

• ) ester-mediated crosslinking with lysine primary amines, yielding amide bonds. (c) Mineralization-affecting peptides were conjugated to the maleimide-activated SM(PEG)4 linker portion via the sulfhydryl groups of their terminal cysteine residues, yielding stable thioether linkages. The resulting

A simple approach to the synthesis of Cu_1.8S dendrites with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent

• Xiaoliang Yan,
• Sha Li,
• Yun-xiang Pan,
• Zhi Yang and
• Xuguang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 881–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.90

• Bi2S3 without a template [11]. Li et al. demonstrated that L-cysteine could assist the formation of snowflake-like patterns and flower-like microspheres as well as porous hollow microsphere CuS structures [12]. Thiamine, abundant and inexpensive, contains one sulfur atom and is supposed to be used as a

• dendritic structure, as shown in Figure 2c. Li et al. and Liu et al. have discussed the growth process and revealed the mechanism of metal sulfide synthesis by using L-cysteine and L-methionine, respectively [12][17]. They suggested that the growth process of metal sulfide crystals exhibit two stages: an

• of thiamine hydrochloride in comparison with that of copper nitrate, the excessive thiamine hydrochloride in the system probably acts as a structure-directing agent for the self-assembly of the nuclei into dendritic structures. This is consistent with the result that the presence of L-cysteine was in

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• ] concerns the behavior of disulfide bonds on the surfaces of their NPs. By using the ratio of C–S to S–S bond signals as an indicator, they found that cysteine and its disulfide-linked dimer cystine (Figure 2a) produce the same signal in the surface bound state. As expected, this situation was found to

Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

• Simona Povilonienė,
• Vida Časaitė,
• Virginijus Bukauskas,
• Arūnas Šetkus,
• Juozas Staniulis and
• Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

• -synuclein that contains an additional cysteine residue. The fibrils have been biotinylated via thiol groups and subsequently joined with neutravidin-conjugated gold nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the expected structure – nanoladders. The ability of

• multicomponent biocomplexes that can be employed in a broad range of applications. In this paper, we report the construction of a new nanostructure – nanoladders, which was generated from amyloid fibrils formed by the α-SynC141 mutant protein. Genetically inserted cysteine residue allowed the chemical

• -SynC141 is 14.562 kDa. The presence of the introduced cysteine residue was confirmed by mass spectroscopy analysis (data not shown). Investigation of self-assembly of α-SynC141 According to the literature, the rapid fibril formation is usually initiated at low pH [12]. However, SDS-PAGE analysis showed

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• as reducing sugar, and cysteine as a model compound for sulfur-containing proteins. H2O2 was used as strongly oxidizing compound. Furthermore, we analyzed the behavior of silver nanoparticles after their immersion in cell culture media (DMEM, RPMI and LB medium) [20]. Figure 3A shows that the

• , the dissolution rate is strongly increased. On the other hand, the dissolution is significantly slower in the presence of dissolved NaCl, a fact that may be due to the formation of insoluble silver chloride. An even stronger inhibiting effect is exerted by the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine. We

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• ; Thbs1: thrombospondin 1; HPX: hemopexin; Apoh: apolipoprotein H; Apob: apolipoprotein B; Serping1: serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor; Apoa1: apolipoprotein A1; C4b: complement component 4b; Hbb-b1: hemoglobin, beta adult major chain; Plg: plasminogen; Cfb: complement factor b; Kng1: kininogen 1

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• remaining proteins are expected to retain their amino acid sequence and not have extensive changes in their properties, such as their intrinsic pH and isoelectric points. Composition of amino acid residues Recent reports suggest that amino acid residues, such as aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• biological media, it was able to show that the dissolution in chloride-containing media is reduced, probably due to the formation of AgCl. In contrast, glucose has no significant effect. Cysteine as a sulphur-containing molecule can decelerate the dissolution process, possibly by blocking of the NP surface

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• through swelling-activated anion channels, cysteine/glutamate exchange, trans-membrane diffusion and volume-sensitive Cl− channels [19][20][21]. In this set of experiments, the extracellular level and unstimulated release of glutamate from nerve terminals in the presence of D-mannose-coated γ-Fe2O3

Biomolecule-assisted synthesis of carbon nitride and sulfur-doped carbon nitride heterojunction nanosheets: An efficient heterojunction photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical applications

• Hua Bing Tao,
• Hong Bin Yang,
• Jiazang Chen,
• Jianwei Miao and
• Bin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 770–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.89

• ]. Herein, we employ a biomolecule-assisted (L-cysteine) pyrolysis method to synthesize sulfur-doped carbon nitride (CNS) nanosheets, which can serve as the framework to grow CN to form an all CN-based heterojunction composite. The formation of CN/CNS heterojunctions significantly improves the

• carbon nitride (CNS), 222 mg of L-cysteine was blended with 2 g of melamine in an agate mortar, wherein L-cysteine acts as the sulfur source for sulfur doping. During the pyrolysis process, the –SH functional group in L-cysteine reacts with the amine group in melamine to substitute the N atoms and to