Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• , and spin–photon entanglement), and detection (involving single-photon detectors). Keywords: integrated photonics; lithium niobate; photonic bandgap; photonic crystal; titanium dioxide; Introduction One-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs) are electromagnetic media in which materials are periodically

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• intrinsic photoresponse time of approximately 3 ps. The ultrafast response time remains consistent across varying detection powers, demonstrating environmental stability and highlighting the potential in optoelectronic applications. Our study presents an effective strategy for enhancing the response time of

• photoelectric detection. Experimental Device fabrication The 2D materials, WSe2 and graphene, were obtained from high-quality bulk crystals using the mechanical exfoliation method. The monolayer WSe2 nanoflakes were exfoliated onto a transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, selected based on optical

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• , for example, for the detection of dark matter, as single-photon detectors (X-ray, visible, and infrared ranges) [1], and the detection of individual excimers [2]. One of the new applications is the detection of the recoil energy of 4He atoms evaporated from a superfluid condensate (helium II). This

• generally also means a shorter thermal response time, allowing the detector to respond more quickly to small temperature changes. Second, the active area is reduced, which allows for a more efficient detection of a useful signal because of the higher energy density and, therefore, a higher signal-to-noise

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• tiny structures belong to two main functional types. They are either mechanosensory and belong to the peripheral nervous system or they have no sensing role and serve to prevent wetting of, for example, wings and legs [41][42][43][44]. Other functions include the detection of airflow patterns, for

• the result of co-evolution of these traits with ecological requirements [56][92][93][94]. Furthermore, they are essentially in both intra- and interspecific communications [95][96][97]. These antennal sensors have inspired the development of devices for the detection of volatile compounds, which have

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• nanoparticle-based systems capable of efficient detection and degradation. However, conventional approaches utilizing strong capping agents like cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) on nanoparticles lead to limitations due to the rigid nature of CTAB. This restricts its utility in heavy metal detection and 4-NP

• degradation, requiring additional surface modifications using linker molecules, thereby increasing process complexity and cost. To overcome these limitations, there is a critical need for the development of an easy-to-use, dual-functional, linker-free nanosystem capable of simultaneous detection of heavy

• metals and efficient degradation of 4-NP. For enabling linker-free/ligand-free detection of heavy metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-NP, CTAB was engineered as a versatile capping agent on gold and silver nanoparticles. Various factors, including nanoparticle characteristics such as shape, size

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• /mc space group. No other phases, including Mn-based compounds, were detected within the detection limits of the instrument, suggesting that the dopant has been incorporated into the zincite lattice. The patterns of the two samples, SG and MW, are very similar, with slightly more intense diffraction

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• equipment (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK – detection angle of 173° and laser wavelength of 633 nm). For DLS measurements, NPs were dispersed in MilliQ water (1.0 mg·mL–1). To determine the zeta potential, the NPs were diluted in 10 Mm of phosphate buffer at a concentration of 1.0 mg·mL–1. All measurements

• -ZW-NH2 samples was visualized. The low concentration of the functional groups was probably not significant enough for detection. The SiO2NPs-ZW-FO showed a less negative zeta potential value than the previous functionalization steps, which is opposite to what was expected after adding folate [38][41

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• therapeutic target for MM [161]. Based on this, the Gd construct was utilized for the detection of malignant plasma cells in MM using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Competitive cell-binding assays confirmed the maintenance of antibody specificity after conjugation to usNPs. The resulting targeted usNPs

• -noise ratio for MM detection, surpassing levels achievable with other clinically approved imaging modalities. As early as 30 min post-administration, animals treated with the targeted usNPs demonstrated a ≈3-fold improvement in SNR for plasmacytomas in the spine. Song et al. synthesized AuNCs protected

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• disease diagnosis, quick detection of diverse drugs and chemicals, and long-term monitoring [9]. In the recent decade, sensor technology has seen breakthroughs thanks to the usage of nanomaterials with superior physicochemical properties [10][11][12][13]. Nowadays, the development of sensors based on

• several hours for results. The development of compact and portable miniaturized sensors has enabled the detection of different biomarkers for continuous, real-time human health monitoring [1][2]. Temperature, heart rate, electrical conductivity, dehydration, and glucose are some of the indicators that

• nanoparticles have demonstrated enormous advantages for sensing applications. First, alginate-based nanoparticles have a high surface area-to-volume ratio. This feature allows for increased interaction with the target analyte, leading to enhanced sensitivity and detection capabilities. Additionally, alginate

Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection

• Knarik Khachatryan,
• Simon Anter,
• Michael Reichling and
• Alexander von Schmidsfeld

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87

• . Keywords: amplitude calibration; displacement detection; force microscopy; interferometer signal; NC-AFM; Introduction Optical interferometry is a reliable technique utilizing light waves to measure distance and displacement with high precision [1][2]. With the light wavelength as the length standard, a

• curve, where the slope of IM(d) is a maximum. Such an adjustment facilitates a most sensitive displacement detection. Note, that it is not possible to adjust the interferometer to d0 with a small number m because of limitations in positioning the fiber end face parallel to the cantilever surface. Upon

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• implications for developing more efficient and stable SERS substrates for chemical detection applications. Keywords: dimethyl methyl phosphonate; laser material interaction; metal nanoparticles; picosecond laser ablation; SERS; thiram; Introduction Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are versatile materials widely

• capable of trace detection. Dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) is commonly used as a less toxic simulant for sarin, a G-series nerve agent. DMMP can, in general, be used in making chemical weapons. Zheng et al. [30] reviewed various methods for DMMP detection, including mass-sensitive sensors, surface

• substrates is the central aspect of the sensing field because of its simple sample collection from any rough surface [36][40]. Filter paper (FP) SERS substrates are rigorously investigated for the detection of hazardous dye molecules such as crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) on fish [41

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• numerous advantages at room temperature operation. New thermally isolated micro-nano architectures equipped with integrated temperature sensors should outperform their predecessors regarding various critical aspects, such as ultra-broadband detection from ultraviolet (UV) to terahertz radiation [1

• attractive options for non-cryogenic IR microbolometer and thermal detection technology. The sensitivity of a bolometer is quantified by its responsivity, which is given by the expression [11]: where ΔV is the corresponding voltage change, ΔP represents the incident power on the active detection area, Ibias

• minimum power that can be detected by the bolometer for a 1 Hz detection bandwidth. The experimental setups for the responsivity and noise measurements included several devices, such as a DC power supply, an IR laser source, an optical chopper (Thorlabs MC2000B), a low-noise transimpedance amplifier (TIA

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• surfaces of the large NPs. This is in agreement with previous findings for Ag NPs with a similar diameter range [49]. It should be noted that the considered variations in the NP size are rather subtle and below detection for current analytical capabilities [85]. There are slight disparities between Au and

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• to detect a wide range of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and antibodies. This article presents a comprehensive review of advancements in the architectures of FET-based biosensors aiming to enhance device performance in terms of sensitivity, detection time, and selectivity. The review

• FET-based biosensors. Finally, this article proposes intriguing avenues for further research on the topology of FET-based biosensors. Keywords: biomolecule detection; biosensors; charge modulation; dielectric modulation; field-effect transistor; Review 1 Introduction In recent years, biosensor

• water bodies. Therefore, the detection of harmful pollutants in the environment is a critical issue. Numerous works have reported on the application of biosensors for environmental monitoring, especially those based on optical or electrochemical transduction platforms [10][11][12][13]. Moreover

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• was monitored in ultrahigh vacuum by mass spectrometry, leading to the detection of both gaseous CO and CH4 species [45]. The production of these two volatile species is ascribed to two different processes: (i) for CH4 the removal of trapped species and (ii) for CO the electron-induced hydration of

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• (Figure 1a). Samples M1 and M5 exhibit a barely noticeable band between 250 and 300 nm, a typical peak was not observed for both samples probably due to the presence of some carbon impurity that hinder the detection of the π–π* transition around 270 nm. Dynamic light scattering Figure 2 shows the size

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• × magnification. The spectral resolution was of the order of 0.5 cm−1. A 532 nm semiconductor laser was used to illuminate the samples. The measurements were performed without detection of polarization of the scattered light. A liquid nitrogen-cooled multichannel silicon CCD camera was used as a detector. Results

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• conditions, the calibration plots were linear in the range from 1.00 to 15.26 μM for both uric acid and hypoxanthine. The limits of detection of this method were 0.58 and 0.68 μM for uric acid and hypoxanthine, respectively. The proposed DPV method was employed to determine uric acid and hypoxanthine in

• further studies. Linear range and limit of detection DPV curves for mixtures containing equal concentrations of URI and HYP are shown in Figure 8a. The peak current increases linearly when the concentration of both analytes increases from 1.00 to 15.26 µM (Figure 8b). The regression equations are as

• follows: The limit of detection (LOD) is described as 3S/M, where S is the standard deviation and M is the slope obtained from the calibration plot. The LOD values are 0.58 µM for URI and 0.68 µM for HYP. The cross-effect is a key factor for the simultaneous determination of analytes in a mixture. Figure

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• traditional rectangular cantilever is weaker in air, which affects the sensitivity of multifrequency AFM detection. To address this issue, we previously proposed a bridge/cantilever coupled system model to enhance the higher-order modal response of the cantilever. This model is simpler and less costly than

• ; Introduction Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an important tool for nanoscale imaging and characterization [1][2]. This technique involves the excitation and detection of multiple frequencies to improve data acquisition speed, sensitivity, and resolution, as well as to enable material

• properties mapping with additional contrast [3]. Among the various multifrequency AFM methods, bimodal AFM is the most commonly used, which relies on the excitation and detection of two resonant frequencies [4]. Most studies have focused on the first two eigenmodes of the cantilever, with the fundamental

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• prey, evade obstacles, or detect potential dangers [130][137]. Airflow sensors with bio-inspired, fibrillar structures based on the working principles of cricket cerci, which, when clustered in arrays, aid in detection of oscillating flows following “viscous coupling” [138], have been developed [139

• detect chemicals in their surroundings, enabling them to locate sustenance, recognize their species, and avoid danger [147]. Moth antennae possess dense arrays of hairs, which have been found to interact with surrounding airflow in order to enhance diffusion of chemicals to the antennae for detection

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• measured in a first-order detection scheme with or without additional resonance enhancement. However, it contains chemical information from a much larger depth (hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers). If the difference or sum of freely selectable laser pulse repetition frequency and mechanical

• modulation (i.e., drive frequency) in surface-sensitive AFM-IR mode equals a mechanical resonance of the tip–surface contact, sufficient IR signal enhancement can be obtained at this frequency (i.e., detection frequency). This is used to measure the IR signature of thin material sections close to the top

• sample excitation). However, it is much more flexible in the choice of the drive and detection frequencies, as only the mixing frequency needs to match a system resonance and not the individual frequencies themselves. Here, we use AFM-IR in the surface-sensitive mode to investigate thin silicon oxide

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

• optical detection setup. Nc-AFM experiments are then mostly performed with quartz sensors, essentially implemented according to two geometries: quartz tuning fork (QTF) [19] or length-extensional resonator (LER) [20][21][22]. The commercial versions of these probes are the qPlus sensor (Scienta-Omicron

• piezoelectric nature, which facilitates the readout of the tip deflection, based on the piezoelectric charge induced by the quartz upon oscillation through a simple I/V, or charge, preamplifier [27][28], as compared to the heavy optical detection setup required for silicon cantilevers. Nowadays, the qPlus

• similar to Equation 7 if the summation is performed over all the eigenmodes of the probe (, cf. [35][77]). From an experimental point of view, the number of accessible eigenmodes (m) is limited because the detection bandwidth of the fluctuations is restricted. Then, the relative error introduced in the

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• measured by a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument (Nano ZS90, Malvern, UK). A 2 mg NF sample was added into 1 mL of deionized water and directly detected by ZS90. The detection angle was 90 degrees. The compositions were also analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (Nicolet iS50, Thermo

Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• detection was accomplished with a LYNXEYE detector (Bruker AXS GmbH), and the XRPD patterns were obtained on a D8 ADVANCE (Bruker AXS GmbH). Preparation of different hydrophobic formulations mixed with DCS aqueous solution for the reservoir transdermal delivery The DCS aqueous solution was mixed with

• . The total run time of the LC was 20 min. Ionization and detection of the analyte were performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (API-2000, AB Sciex Pte. Ltd.), operating in positive ion mode. Quantitation was done using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to monitor protonated precursor

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• significant bending in the suspended part in the heating scheme 2. The onset temperature of this phenomenon is difficult to determine as the deformation can be below the detection limits of SEM. Moreover, in SEM we only see the 2D projection normal to the electron beam. If NWs are bent out of the substrate