Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• focused on removing antibiotics through AOPs [28][29][30]. Articles explored specific AOP methods tailored for antibiotic remediation, such as H2O2-based AOP [29], Fenton-based AOPs [31], UV-based AOPs [32], UV/chlor(am)ine-based AOP [33], electrochemical-based AOP (EAOP) [34], persulfate and

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• system. The abundance of nanoparticles in PC or alcohol was found to correlate with the electrochemical reduction potential of the respective metal, where the noble metals were enriched within the more polar solvents. The polarity of the solvents (as function of the carbon chain length of the alcohol

• , polarity of the solvent, or even physical attributes (e.g., boiling point), phase transfer methods are essential. To close this knowledge gap, we have performed ablation of six different metals (Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, and Ti) ranging from high to low standard electrochemical reduction potentials in a

• , changing the polarity of the non-polar solvent phase for the laser ablation of copper. Iron and copper stand in the middle of the investigated standard electrochemical reduction potential metal series and show quite interesting phase selectivity behavior. Moreover, cupreous nanoparticles are relevant for

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• ETL, and NiO was used as HTL, with La2NiMnO6 as absorber [25]. The DPSC showed promising characteristics. Applications of double perovskite compounds include fuel cells, UV sensors, electrochemical sensors, indoor photovoltaics, and light-emitting diodes [26]. Double perovskite LNMO nanoparticles and

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• , its composites, and their application in electrochemical sensors have been discussed [6][7][8]. There are research contributions on pristine graphene and ammonia gas sensors for detection of very low ammonia content [9]. The thin-film sensor fabricated on polyethylenimine- (PEI) functionalized SWCNTs

Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GP258

• Prashantkumar Siddappa Chakra,
• Aishwarya Banakar,
• Shriram Narayan Puranik,
• Vishwas Kaveeshwar,
• C. R. Ravikumar and
• Devaraja Gayathri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 78–89, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.8

• characterization using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, photocatalytic studies, electrochemical analysis, and determination of antibacterial and anticancer activity. The

• colloidal system. Our biosynthesized nanoparticles showed a zeta potential of −60 mV. It is considered that a NP colloid with a zeta potential of more than ±30 mV shows good stability against aggregation. The zeta average size was found to be 99 nm (Figure 4e,f). Electrochemical analysis Cyclic voltammetry

• (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out at room temperature using a three-electrode cell with 0.1 M KCl electrolyte. The ZnO NP electrode was measured at scan rates from 10 to 50 mV/s. The measurements revealed reversibility and electrode load efficiency along with

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• simultaneously via ionic interactions between the exposed functional groups of the capping agent and metal ions. This issue can be addressed using ʟ-carnosine-capped nanosilver because the interaction of ʟ-carnosine with different metal ions has already been reported [19]. The electrochemical detection of Hg2

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• /bjnano.15.120 Abstract A novel electrochemical sensor for the detection of enrofloxacin (ENR) in aqueous solutions has been developed using a carbon paste electrode modified with a mixture of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of CuBTC and FeBTC. These MOFs were successfully synthesized via a solvothermal

• significantly enhanced the electrochemical response of ENR, increasing the signal by more than ten times compared to the unmodified electrode. Under optimal analytical conditions, the sensor exhibited three dynamic ranges for ENR detection, that is, 0.005 to 0.100 µM, 0.1 to 1.0 µM, and 1 to 13 µM, with

• analysing tap and lake water samples, with recovery rates ranging from 90.2% to 121.3%. Keywords: CuBTC; electrochemical sensor; enrofloxacin; FeBTC; metal-organic framework; Introduction Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a quinolinemonocarboxylic acid and a third-generation fluoroquinolone. This antibiotic is

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• detailed density functional theory calculations with dispersion correction and on-site Coulomb interaction (DFT(D) + U) to investigate CO2 activation on ψ-graphene and its hydrogenated forms for their application in the electrochemical conversion of CO2 [43]. Faghihnasiri et al. have performed DFT

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemical, fluorescence, and colorimetric methods [18][19]. Catalytic hydrogenation is the preferred method for the conversion of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, which is less toxic [20]. However, the conversion process is

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• is, by the local electrochemical potential. GNRs show strong electrostatic effects at their edges [11], where electrostatic forces occur that we expect to modulate the electrons’ local electrochemical potential. Additionally, the chemical state of GNR edges allows one to substantially tune the

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , into the alginate polymer network. This can be achieved through various methods, including reduction reactions, electrochemical deposition, or deposition-precipitation. The resulting hybrid nanomaterials exhibit synergistic properties of both the inorganic nanoparticles and the alginate polymer

• non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensing. In enzymatic electrochemical sensors, oxidative enzymes can be immobilized in the alginate matrix [78]. Non-enzymatic sensors for glucose rely on the direct electrochemical oxidation of glucose. Materials for both enzymatic and non-enzymatic glucose biosensors

• include conductive polymers, enzymes, carbon nanotubes, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs function similarly to enzymes, producing polymeric cross-linked active sites for certain analytes. MIPs were initially used in optical sensing, but they have lately been examined in electrochemical

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• –aluminium alloy [161]. ND coatings can exhibit the same behavior as graphene-related materials because of their low chemical reactivity. Nezamdoust et al. [162] coated a magnesium alloy with a 20 nm layer of NDs and measured the corrosion rate in Harrison solution by means of electrochemical impedance

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• water bodies. Therefore, the detection of harmful pollutants in the environment is a critical issue. Numerous works have reported on the application of biosensors for environmental monitoring, especially those based on optical or electrochemical transduction platforms [10][11][12][13]. Moreover

• [27][28], surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [29][30], microfluidic-coupled biochip [31], electrochemical [32], and field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors [33]. Biosensors offer several distinct benefits for virus recognition, including higher selectivity through improved target receptors and

• increasing their use in daily life [38]. The first ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (IS FETs) biosensor combined the metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure with glass electrodes for measuring ion activities in electrochemical and biological environments [39]. Subsequently, hydrogen-sensitive MOSFET

Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials

• Mario Navarro-Rodriguez,
• Andres M. Somoza and
• Elisa Palacios-Lidon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 767–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.64

• ratio. Moreover, their extensive surface exposure renders them highly sensitive to ambient and external influences, amplifying chemical reactivity [13] and bestowing attractive properties regarding electrochemical and catalytic reactions [14]. Furthermore, the ability to stack these materials

• [23][24], or electrochemical properties [25] is a key topic of research. Factors such as flake size and shape, composition, density of defects, or doping significantly influence the response of 2D materials. Given the nanoscopic scale underlying the functionality of 2D materials, atomic force

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• composite (TiO2/GQDs) obtained by in situ synthesis of GQDs, derived from coffee grounds, and peroxo titanium complexes was used as electrode modifier in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine. The TiO2/GQDs material was characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray

• diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. The TiO2/GQDs-GCE exhibits better electrochemical activity for uric acid and hypoxanthine than GQDs/GCE or TiO2/GCE in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Under optimized

• liquid chromatography [8], liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry [9], and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [10]. These approaches require complex handling procedures. Electrochemical techniques have been considered as a robust alternative for URI and HYP sensing because of their simplicity

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• , electrochemical sensors, and photothermal therapy (PTT) [5]. These technologies are based on the principle of elastic scattering properties of metal nanoparticles and on the shift in the plasmon band, which is more prominent in the case of anisotropic nanoparticles in comparison to isotropic ones [6]. Several

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• aqueous solutions produces free electrons and ROS. The ROS lead to a certain degree of nanoparticle (surface) oxidation depending on the material’s standard electrochemical reduction potential for LAL and LFL. For LRL, both electrons and ROS contribute to the reduction reactions of the metal salts

• via the liquid displacement method and gas chromatography (Figure 3) [51]. The amount of formed hydrogen was found to be inversely correlated with the metal’s standard electrochemical reduction potential, resulting in higher hydrogen formation rates during the ablation of less noble metals such as Ti

• , Fe, and Al. As the H2/O2 ratio follows the same trend, redox reactions occurring between the formed nanoparticles and the formed oxygen species lead to the particles’ surface oxidation. This correlation shows that metals with a lower standard electrochemical reduction potential than hydrogen (E0 < 0

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• breaking graphene sheets or from molecules with aromatic structure (fullerenes, starch, and carbohydrates) [3]. However, often GQDs are only stable in solvents, which limits their application in fields that require their solid form, such as in adsorption and photocatalytic, or electrochemical applications

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• . In this regard, radio frequency (rf) sputter deposition is one of the preferred choices as an industry-compatible method to grow WOx thin films [2][19][20][21]. Apart from thin films, nanostructured metal oxides generally possess superior electrochemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts

• electrochemical property variation of the underlying films induced by structural changes. Therefore, a systematic investigation on the surface work function of the NS-WOx films as a function of thickness holds the potential for accessing its practical device application. In this article, we report on tunable

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• consistently manufacturing PAAO with the targeted thickness. An electrochemical cell with an optical window was designed for reflectance spectroscopy of PAAO during anodization. Real-time fitting of spectra to a transfer-matrix model enabled continuous monitoring of the thickness growth of the PAAO layer

• of templates, including evaporation masks [8][9][10], molds for nanowire array production using the supercritical fluid method [11], electrochemical deposition [12], atomic layer deposition [13], or traps for colloidal nanoparticle assembly [14]. Several applications, for example, color filtering [15

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• electrochemically active surfaces. The great advantage of the 3D hydrogel structure is the increase of the catalytic surface area thanks to the possibility of conducting the electrochemical reaction deeper into the structure of the hydrogel. Generation of free space in the form of pores and network structure within

• porous structure is capable of swelling and thus accommodating large amounts of ionic liquids. Moreover, the swollen hydrogel structure provides constant access of electrolyte molecules/ions to the catalyst particles, increasing the speed and efficiency of the electrochemical reaction [20]. The swelling

• conductive component at the stage of hydrogel synthesis. Hydrogel matrices are an excellent medium for depositing metallic nanocatalysts, especially in reactions requiring aqueous media such as electrochemical processes. The dispersion of the catalyst particles in the hydrogel helps to avoid or significantly

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• of converting CO2 into valuable chemicals through electrochemical techniques has garnered significant attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have occured as highly prospective materials for the reduction of CO2, owing to their exceptional attributes including extensive surface area, customizable

• CO2 conversion. Finally, a meticulous discourse encompasses the challenges encountered and the prospects envisioned for the advancement of MOF-based nanomaterials in the realm of electrochemical reduction of CO2. Keywords: carbon capture; CO2 reduction; electrocatalysis; metal-organic frameworks

• valuable compounds through electrochemical reduction. The electrocatalytic process for CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) encounters a persistent obstacle in the activation of CO2 [4]. The formation of CO2•− necessitates a high thermodynamic potential of −1.90 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• without the need for Au/Ag alloys. Porous gold, itself, provides a gold film with high surface area that can be advantageous for energy conversion, catalysis, and electrochemical sensing [9][31]. Experimental Compounds 1 and 3 were prepared based on previously reported work [15][19], with 3 prepared by

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• report an in situ magnesiothermic reduction to synthesize a composite of Ge@C as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The obtained electrode delivered a specific capacity of 454.2 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles at a specific current of 1000 mA·g−1. The stable electrochemical performance and good rate

• nanoparticles and a carbon matrix using a hydrothermal route has been reported, and the enhancement in the electrochemical performance of Ge@C electrodes was demonstrated [33]. In this work, a one-pot synthesis route has been followed to prepare a Ge@C composite using an in situ magnesiothermic reduction of

• GeO2 and biomass-derived carbon as precursor. A series of experiments using other methods to combine Ge and biomass carbon was also conducted for comparison. The in situ synthesized electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance in lithium storage. This is attributed to a better contact

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• 1 × 1018 cm−3. The three Zn doping levels of InP layers were purposely inverted along the growth direction to facilitate electrochemical capacitance–voltage (ECV) characterization due to the strong Zn diffusion. The InP:Zn and the GaInAsP:Zn layers were epitaxially grown at a surface temperature of