An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• density of 45.83 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1.27 kW kg−1 was also realized. The developed electrode material provides new insight into ways to enhance the electrochemical properties of solid-state supercapacitors, based on the synergistic effect of porous carbon nanofibers, metal and metal oxide

• have been envisaged as a prospective electrode material due to its good mechanical strength, high surface area, relatively high conductivity [11][12]. Hence, carbon nanofibers produced by electrospinning, which is a cost-effective, simple and industry-viable technology, offer high production rate, high

• capacitance due to degradation of the electrode material, and thus poor electrochemical stability [16][17][18]. TiO2 nanoparticles loaded onto the carbon materials is a reasonable solution to overcome this challenge and is a potential electrode material for energy storage applications, ascribing to its low

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• surface-to-volume ratio. An ideal anchoring material should display a binding energy with LPSs in the range from 0.8 to 2.0 eV in order to effectively trap Li2Sx [8], and good electrical and ionic conductivity. Nanostructured MoS2 used as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries shows a higher

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• , Poland 10.3762/bjnano.10.49 Abstract Composites based on the titania nanotubes were tested in aqueous electrolyte as a potential electrode material for energy storage devices. The nanotubular morphology of TiO2 was obtained by Ti anodization. TiO2 nanotubes were covered by a thin layer of bismuth

• surface of conjugated polymers [25]. In this study, we modified the surface layer of titania nanotubes and tested it as a potential electrode material for energy storage devices. The enhancement of pseudocapacitance, and the extension of the electroactivity range are the goals of this research. A

• vanadate obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). It was recently reported that the TiO2/BiVO4 junction exhibits a synergistic effect towards photoelectrochemical water oxidation [26]. Further modification of the electrode material included hydrogenation. There are many ways to perform TiO2 hydrogenation

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• that the use of FeF2 nanoparticles as electrode material leads to a significant increase in the performance of the batteries compared to the macroscopic LiFeF3 [55]. Therefore, we investigated the electrochemical properties of ErF3-NPs by galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles (Figure 5). Until now

• there has been no report on ErF3 applied as electrode material for Li+/Li. Cyclic voltammetry was performed to address general aspects of the redox behaviour (Figure 5). In the range from 1.0 to 5.0 V, during the reduction, a reduction process takes place starting at 1.5 V, which may be attributed to

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• electrode (anode), resulting in thermal evaporation of the electrode material and its transfer to the opposite electrode. For metal electrodes, the material transfer issues are reported for the source–drain bias exceeding 5 V. When the contact electrodes are made of two different materials [106], material

• -nanomanipulation techniques aimed to determine how changes in the contact electrode material and geometry of 2T NEM switch influence the device characteristics [8]. The very low coefficient of friction of Mo6S3I6 (0.03 [135]) could help to reduce surface wear originating from the tangential forces in the NEM

Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270

• electrode material for LIBs should have good electronic conductivity, a lower Li diffusion energy barrier, as well as high energy and power densities. By reducing the bulk electrode materials to low-dimensional materials, a higher energy capacity and higher charge/discharge rate can be obtained as the low

L-Lysine-grafted graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and metal ions

• Yan Yan,
• Jie Li,
• Fangbei Kong,
• Kuankuan Jia,
• Shiyu He and
• Baorong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.268

• , a MoSx/3D-graphene hybrid material as an electrode material enhanced the efficiency of hydrogen-producing in a fuel cell [8]. Mo et al. reported reduced graphene oxide covalently functionalized with L-lysine [9], which could be used for the electrochemical recognition of tryptophan (Trp) enantiomers

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• (CNTs) or fibers in an electrode material [4][5]. A typical synthesis procedure for carbon–carbon hybrid materials includes the mechanical mixing of the components, previously synthesized separately by different methods (ex situ synthesis). The mixing is usually carried out in a solvent, but since

• mainly determined by the surface area of the electrode material. The largest and smallest specific capacitances were observed for the CNx materials synthesized using Fe/Mo and Ni/Mo catalysts and these materials possessed respectively the highest and the lowest specific surface area (Table 1). Note that

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• after one hour of QCM oscillation while immersed in a ND suspension. The high frequency nature of the oscillation in the presence of the NDs slurries could potentially remove the electrode material but NDs might also attach to the surface. AFM measurements were recorded in at least triplicate for each

• could potentially remove the electrode material by an accelerated penetration into surface asperities by the oscillatory action of the QCM [44][45][46]. Additional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (Figure 5) were recorded on the SS304 samples to further elucidate changes in the surface topology

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• as LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4, which have a capacity of merely 150 mAh/g and 170 mAh/g, respectively [5][6]. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is one of the most promising metal oxide as a replacement for the Li-ion electrode material owing to its high theoretical capacity (308 mAh/g), environmental friendliness and

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• groups have the same effect. For enhancing the capacitance of a supercapacitor, an active electrode material with oxygen functional groups is necessary [24]. Furthermore, the PAN cyclization temperature can be decreased in the presence of graphene oxide. The functional groups of graphene oxide initiate

Stable Au–C bonds to the substrate for fullerene-based nanostructures

• Taras Chutora,
• Jesús Redondo,
• Bruno de la Torre,
• Martin Švec,
• Pavel Jelínek and
• Héctor Vázquez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1073–1079, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.109

• spread of electronic coupling and conductance values [9][10][11][12]. For an archetypal electrode material in single molecule transport studies such as Au, however, their high mobility at room temperature can lead to a large spread in conductance or to problems in trapping the molecule at the interface

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• can be used as a cathode-active material for rechargeable lithium batteries [8], an electrode material for supercapacitors [9][10], and shows excellent catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohols [11][12]. The catalytic properties are related to the redox cycling of various

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• ]. The practical use of the entire surface area of a graphene sample is difficult so it is often used in combination with an active metal oxide for application as an electrode material in supercapacitors. The main drawback of graphene for optical applications is its zero band gap. However, the

• abundance of Mn in nature. Among all the oxides of manganese, Mn3O4 has been studied widely as an anode material for LIB to achieve higher specific capacities than graphite [120]. Mn3O4 has a spinal structure and is a potentially interesting electrode material as an electrolytic supercapacitor because of

• capacitor and magnetic material [194]. NiO is considered to be a promising alternative electrode material in redox electrochemical capacitors because of its easy synthesis and high capacitance. Porous NiO–rGO hybrid films were prepared by combination of electrophoretic deposition and chemical bath

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• precursor to prepare Fe2O3/COOH-MWCNT composites through a simple hydrothermal synthesis. When these composites were used as electrode material in lithium-ion batteries, a reversible capacity of 711.2 mAh·g−1 at a current density of 500 mA·g−1 after 400 cycles was obtained. The result indicated that Fe2O3

• + ions were inserted into the electrode material. As the reaction proceeded, two weak discharge plateaus were observed at about 1.2 V and 1.6 V, which were attributed to the reactions between functional groups of carbon nanotubes and lithium metal. The initial discharge and charge capacities of COOH

Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles

• Anurag Roy,
• Partha Pratim Das,
• Mukta Tathavadekar,
• Sumita Das and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23

• situ synthesis and deposition of QDs by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) or successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method leads to the direct growth of QDs onto the electrode material surface by the chemical reaction of respective ionic species [48][49][50]. In order to understand the

• difference in the processing conditions, we further carried out experiments with the SILAR method also as shown in Table 1. In the CBD process, we have used the colloidal CdS synthesized by BSA templating which is anticipated to act as a functional linker to the electrode material surface. In spite of

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• ]: where n = 1, σ is the Warburg parameter (Ω·s−0.5), F is the Faraday constant (96500 C·mol−1), s is the real surface of the electrode (cm2), Vm is the molar volume of the electrode material (cm3·mol−1) and dE/dx is the derivative of the potential versus lithium content. While discharging, the values of

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• interaction with Ni(111). We looked at Ni, since amongst other uses it can be employed as an electrode material. Additionally, Ni nanoparticles [93][94][95][96][97] are an example of magnetic nanoparticles [95] that are useful as catalysts [96], in magnetic fluids, as well as for binding and even magnetic

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• ) and (5) in panel and correspond to x = 0 (starting electrode material), x = 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 1.8, respectively. The X-ray peaks marked by an asterisk, β, γ and circle correspond to Mg, β-MgH2, γ-MgH2 and LiH, respectively. b) Inset: Inset: Evolution of the potential (V) as a function of x (mole

• lithium in 10 h. b) XRD patterns taken at various stages of the discharge, (1) x = 0 (starting electrode material), (2) x = 2 (end of the first discharge) and (3) x = 0.5 (end of the first charge). The Bragg peaks marked by an asterisk, β, γ, and circle correspond to Mg, β-MgH2, γ-MgH2 and LiH

Electron and heat transport in porphyrin-based single-molecule transistors with electro-burnt graphene electrodes

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1413–1420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.146

• ), gold is widely employed [8] as the electrode material in order to avoid oxidation and degradation of the electrodes and because of its high atomic mobility. However, gold nanoelectrodes are unstable at room temperature [6]. Recently, an alternative strategy for the fabrication of stable electrodes with

Electroburning of few-layer graphene flakes, epitaxial graphene, and turbostratic graphene discs in air and under vacuum

• Andrea Candini,
• Nils Richter,
• Domenica Convertino,
• Camilla Coletti,
• Franck Balestro,
• Wolfgang Wernsdorfer,
• Mathias Kläui and
• Marco Affronte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 711–719, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.72

• cannot be controlled experimentally, yet [4]. Recently, the use of graphene as electrode material for molecular electronics has been proposed [1][10]. With respect to metallic contacts, graphene offers a planar geometry with a thickness comparable to the molecular size and the strong sp2 carbon bonds

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• the splinter-like pieces. A surface area of approximately 20 m2/g and pore diameters from 4 to 7 nm were also reported for Mn2O3 discs synthesized for the use as electrode material by Zhang et al. [17]. However, we believe a larger pore size to be advantageous for application as electrocatalysts, as

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• supercapacitor electrodes [46]. Also the CNO/PEDOT:PSS composites, which were previously discussed, showed promising properties for the application as electrode material in supercapacitors, such as a specific capacity of 96 F·g−1, good cation-exchange properties and a simple synthesis [47]. In a recent study

• combination with Co3O4 [64] and MnO2 [65] as electrode material. In the earlier study, the CNO-containing anode material was prepared by a solvo-thermal method from cobalt acetate and CNOs and the authors found that the novel composite material showed improved electrochemical properties, compared to pristine

Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks

• Christoph Nick,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Ravi Joshi,
• Christiane Thielemann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1575–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.169

• and thus a high charge injection capability they have proven their ability as electrode material for the recording and the stimulation of neurons. For this purpose randomly oriented CNTs have been synthesized and transferred to suitable substrates involving techniques as stamping/printing and in-place