Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• were stained in Imperial Protein stain (Thermo Scientific) for 1 h and distained overnight (in ultrapure water). The densitometry analysis was performed using the software ImageJ (NIH). Mass spectrometry analysis The samples were run on a sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• the measurements. The measurements were made using a quartz microcell of 1 mL capacity and 3 mm path length. Clear disposable cells were employed for zeta potential measurements. All measurements were performed for each sample in triplicates 20 min after sample preparation at 25 °C. Electrophoresis

• : The polyplexes with a tracking dye (bromophenol blue, 2 µL), were loaded on a 1% agarose gel. The electrophoresis was carried in Tris/boric acid buffer (TBE) buffer at 80 V for 45 min. The gel was imaged after staining with ethidium bromide in a UV transilluminator using a gel documentation system

• checked using gel electrophoresis. The microarray experiment was performed using oligonucleotide microarrays (Genechip - Primeview human, Affymetrix, USA) that can detect the expression of 49,372 genes. Typically, 500 ng of RNA was converted to double-stranded cDNA. The biotin-labeled complementary RNA

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• was converted into ζ-potential values by means of the Smoluchowski equation using Malvern Zetasizer software (v7.11). Capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis measurements were performed at 25 °C on a P/ACE MDQ Plus (SCIEX, Warrington, UK) equipped with a 50 cm effective length (70 cm total length

• degradation of low-MW and high-MW chitosan nanoparticles prepared by ionotropic gelation or direct polyelectrolyte complexation was assayed by gel electrophoresis after nuclease and chitosanase/heparin treatment, as already described in [9]. Briefly, 44 µL of siRNA either loaded in the nanoparticles (25 wt

• acid released in solution was quantified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE, 18-well/30 µL, 15% Criterion TM TBE-Urea Gel, Biorad; 70 min, 120 V). Gels were imaged with a UV trans-illuminator (ChemiDoc™ MP System #170-8280) adjusting the exposure time to avoid saturation, and the acquired

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• siRNA duplex integrity as well as siRNA surface density. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, and electrophoresis were used to study the effect of scaling up the AuNP-siRNA synthesis and long term storage of its suspension on physicochemical properties of the

• stability of the AuNP-siRNA suspensions during storage by gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering, studied the samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), determined spectral characteristics of the AuNP-siRNA, and monitored the preservation of the siRNA on the AuNP surface by electrophoresis

• contains a share of AuNP-siRNA particles with a charge significantly below the average. The analysis of the same amount of AuNP-siRNA sample by gel electrophoresis confirmed the presence of particles with a charge significantly below the average in sample ×10 (blue color track in Figure 1E,F). For

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• around poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NPs at different serum concentrations using two substantially different serum types, namely fetal bovine serum (FBS) and human serum. The corona was characterized by means of sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Bradford protein

• complexes from excess serum proteins we used sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), zeta potential measurements, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to study the composition of adsorbed proteins in detail. A quantitative analysis of corona

• evolution trend for the two biological incubation fluids. The electrophoresis was carried out in triplicate. The protein pattern was reproducible and one gel for the incubation of PLGA NPs with increasing amounts of FBS is presented exemplarily in Figure 3A. The positive control is dominated by one major

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• have been proposed, including solvent fractionation [13], centrifugation [14], ultrafiltration [15], diafiltration [16], electrophoresis [17], and chromatography [18]. However, each of these separation technologies has its virtues as well as its limitations. Conventional solvent fractionation has the

• lowest separation resolution. Since the stationary phase used in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has a high surface area, NCs with high surface activity can be irreversibly adsorbed by the column packing material, which limits its application to the separation of NCs. For capillary electrophoresis

• (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), this limitation can be overcome to some extent by reducing the surface effects of the separation system. The capacity for each run of these two methods (micrograms for HPLC and nanograms for capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)) have hindered

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• could be generated with the variation of the incident light angle, satisfying the requirements for optical anti-counterfeiting applications [32]. A self-made electrophoresis-based deposition device was also adopted to deposit negatively charged PS spheres onto the surface of a carbon fiber using a

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• groups in an oligonucleotide (NH2/p ≈ 10) when preparing the Si–NH2·ODN nanocomplexes (Figure 1a). A similar result was obtained when the mixture of ODN and Si–NH2 was analyzed by electrophoresis in agarose gel (Figure 1b). The higher the NH2/p ratio, the higher complexation occurred; at the ratio of 11

• spectrophotometrically at 260 nm. The results are presented in Figure 1a. In experiment (b), ODN(1) and Si–NH2 were mixed (as in (a)) and the samples (1 µL) were loaded onto 0.7% agarose gel prepared by heating of agarose in Tris-glycine buffer. Electrophoresis was performed at 5 V·cm−1 for 30 min. Oligonucleotide spots

• ) bound and (2) unbound ODN(1) is shown. (b) Electrophoresis in agarose gel. IR (a) and UV (b) spectra of Si–NH2. TEM images of Si–NH2 (a) nanoparticles and Si–NH2·ODN(1) nanocomplexes (b). (a) 3D and (b) 2D AFM images of the Si–NH2·ODN(1) nanocomplex and (c) a suface profile along the line specified in

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• fabrication, NWs can be assembled by di-electrophoresis [22]. Compared to the conventional nitride photonic integrated circuits, NW-based PICs can offer higher efficiency, lower energy consumption and larger design freedom. In addition to pure photonic systems, hybrid integrated platforms combining photonic

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• nanofibers containing MWCNTs were successfully fabricated by a magnetic field [110]. Electric field The alignment and orientation of CNTs by an electric field is applied in two ways: as electrophoresis (EP) and dielectrophoresis (DEP). EP is the transport of charged particles through a medium enforced by a

• uniform electric field. This method has some limitations as the particles must be charged. DEP is also a phenomenon related to electrophoresis but with some important differences. It uses a nonuniform electric field to enforce uncharged particles to move. In this method, small droplets of a CNT suspension

A nanocomplex of C₆₀ fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

• Svitlana Prylutska,
• Svitlana Politenkova,
• Kateryna Afanasieva,
• Volodymyr Korolovych,
• Kateryna Bogutska,
• Andriy Sivolob,
• Larysa Skivka,
• Maxim Evstigneev,
• Viktor Kostjukov,
• Yuriy Prylutskyy and
• Uwe Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1494–1501, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.149

• correlation between the genotoxic response and the concentration of an aqueous suspension of nC60 (178 nm in size) was observed at 2.2 µg/L in human lymphocytes using a single-cell gel electrophoresis assay [27]. In contrast, with stable C60 fullerene suspensions in 0.1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium or 0.1

• Bacillus subtilis Rec-assay and umu test, up to concentrations of 0.048 mg/L and 0.43 mg/L, respectively. In [29], bulky DNA adducts could not be found by 32P-postlabeling/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay, suggesting that an aqueous suspension of C60 fullerenes has the potential to damage DNA. By

• , Germany), which was added before use. Cells were exposed to lysis solution for 2 h at 4 °C. After the lysis, slides were washed with TBE buffer (89 mM Tris-borate, 2 mM EDTA, рН 7.5) and electrophoresed in the same buffer for 20 min at 4 °C (1 V/cm, 300 mA). After electrophoresis, the slides were stained

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• stocks were cleaned (by pelleting and resuspending in fresh buffer) prior to experiments with cells. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed that for both nanoparticles, no labile dye was present in the nanoparticle dispersions (Supporting Information File 1

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• (MWCNT)-based chemiresistors were electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles (NPs), resulting in an improvement in the detection of gaseous pollutants as compared to sensors based on pristine MWCNTs. Electrophoresis was used to decorate MWCNTs with preformed Au or Pd NPs, thus preserving

• 12 ± 2 nm and 5.0 ± 0.5 nm, respectively, as reported in the TEM images in Figure 1. The net positive surface charge of colloidal metal NPs, given by the quaternary ammonium surfactant [36][37], was used to functionalize the surface of the MWCNTs by electrophoresis. The lipophilic interactions

• between the alkyl group of the surfactant and MWCNTs assured the anchorage of the colloidal metal NPs on the surface of the MWCNTs [38]. MWCNT-based chemiresistors were functionalized by electrophoresis based on a three-electrode cell in which a Pt wire was the counter electrode. The MWCNT-based device

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Hanaul Noh,
• Alfredo J. Diaz and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

• tip and feature material. Although the source of the attractive forces is not well understood, it could be attributed to either electrostatic forces due to localized charges in the features or to electrophoresis of the material due to the electric field gradient. In Figure 3, a set of first- and last

Comparison of four methods for the biofunctionalization of gold nanorods by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups to antibodies

• Xuefeng Wang,
• Zhong Mei,
• Yanyan Wang and
• Liang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 372–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.39

• cationic surfactant bilayer [17][24], because of the replacement of CTAB by thiolated anti-IgG [17][25]. Anti-IgG were detected in thiolation and nanoconjugates with GNRs, but not in free GNRs, by gel electrophoresis followed by Coomassie brilliant blue staining (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• . Zeta potentials of pristine LDH and macroRAFT-intercalated LDH were measured with a ZetaNano ZS (Malvern instruments) apparatus, using a laser Doppler electrophoresis. The measurements were performed in specific cells provided by Malvern Instruments Company. Solid-state NMR spectra were collected on a

Effective intercalation of zein into Na-montmorillonite: role of the protein components and use of the developed biointerfaces

• Ana C. S. Alcântara,
• Margarita Darder,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1772–1782, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.170

• protein was investigated by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) as presented in Figure 1B. Zein solubilized in 80% v/v ethanol solution (Figure 1B, lane a) gives rise to two bands at approximately 23 and 25 kDa indicative of the α-zein conformation, which correspond to Z19 and Z22 proteins, respectively [29]. This

• SDS-PAGE gel also shows bands around 50 kDa that reveal the presence of α-zein dimers [30][31], as well as bands at higher molecular mass (around 150 and 250 kDa) corresponding to other protein aggregates, such as trimers, tetramers and/or oligomers. Electrophoresis measurements conducted in the PCT

False positives and false negatives measure less than 0.001% in labeling ssDNA with osmium tetroxide 2,2’-bipyridine

• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1434–1446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.135

• properties of the degradation products via nanopore translocation can be evaluated to assure base calling quality in a DNA sequencing effort. Keywords: α-hemolysin; capillary electrophoresis; DNA sequencing; high-performance liquid chromatography; nanopores; osmium tetroxide bipyridine; osmylated oligos

• (HPLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE). It turns out that both analytical tools clearly resolve DNA from the OsBp label, which appears as a single peak with the methods used in this report. For the more typical cases where the oligo/DNA has 5 or more pyrimidines, the resolution between intact and

• lower fraction of T and C in the oligo. The ratio T/Ntot = 0.30 for the 20-mer and 0.33 for M13mp18; (T + C)/Ntot equals 0.50 for the 20-mer and 0.54 for M13mp18 [31]. Upper limits for purine osmylation and DNA backbone degradation (false positives) Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) methods were

Electric field induced structural colour tuning of a silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystal

• Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy,
• Simone Callegari,
• Diana Gisell Figueroa del Valle,
• Andrea Desii,
• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1404–1410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.131

• article, different types of tuning techniques are encompassed, for example: i) smart polymers [3][4][5][6][7], ii) liquid crystals [8][9][10][11][12], and electrophoresis [13][14][15][16]. The employment of metallic nanoparticles for the structural colour tuning with electric field, to the best of our

Dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles conjugated to DNA origami structures

• Anja Henning-Knechtel,
• Matthew Wiens,
• Mathias Lakatos,
• Andreas Heerwig,
• Frieder Ostermaier,
• Nora Haufe and
• Michael Mertig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 948–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.87

• 26 ± 5 nm (mean ± s.e.m., n = 36). Second, after the incubation of the 6HB with gold nanoparticles, the excess of unbound gold nanoparticles was efficiently removed by gel electrophoresis. Instead, in our experiments the observed structures were, compared to the reported gold-nanoparticle chains

• temperature for at least 12 h in 1×TE buffer with 12.5 mM MgCl2 and 300 mM NaCl. Finally, excess of gold nanoparticles was removed by gel electrophoresis (0.6% agarose gel in 0.5×TAE buffer with 5 mM MgCl2, 2 h, 80 V) and Freeze `N` Squeeze purification of the separated band for the gold-nanoparticle modified

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• ′-C12-amine-terminated modified single strand DNA (ssDNA) and its complementary strand. The repeated covalent conjugation of TPA with DNA was confirmed by using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser

• characterized by using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis. The assembly of DNA–TPA in the presence and absence of Zn PpIX was characterized by

• ), acetonitrile (CH3CN), triethylammonium acetate (TEAA), Pp IX, zinc acetate, acrylamide, bis(acrylamide), and all chemicals required for buffer preparation and gel electrophoresis were obtained from either Sigma-Aldrich or Alfa Aesar and used without further purification. The sequences of ssDNA used for

Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection

• Dinusha N. Udukala,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Sebastian O. Wendel,
• Aruni P. Malalasekera,
• Thilani N. Samarakoon,
• Asanka S. Yapa,
• Gayani Abayaweera,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Pamela Maynez,
• Raquel Ortega,
• Yubisela Toledo,
• Leonie Bossmann,
• Colette Robinson,
• Katharine E. Janik,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Ping Li,
• Massoud Motamedi,
• Daniel A. Higgins,
• Gary Gadbury,
• Gaohong Zhu,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 364–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.33

• designed for detecting MMP 1 and MMP 7 are within the ranges defined by all employed peptide sequences. Pieper et al. have analyzed human serum by fractionating serum proteins, followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and sequential anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. They have resolved

Single-molecule mechanics of protein-labelled DNA handles

• Vivek S. Jadhav,
• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Florian Wruck and
• Martin Hegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 138–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.16

• . The successful labelling of the DHs with proteins, compared with unlabelled DHs, was confirmed via electrophoresis in a 1% (SeaKem® Gold, Lonza Rockland, USA) and 1.8% agarose gel (NuSieve™ GTG™ Agarose, Lonza Rockland, USA) with 1× Tris-acetate-EDTA buffer (Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany) using a 1

• ]. Results and Discussion Protein labelling of dsDNA Labelling of protein to DIG-DNA-Bio (4056, 3034 and 1000 bp) was carried out as discussed in the Experimental section. The labelled and unlabelled PDHs were analysed using electrophoresis in a 1.8% (for 1000 bp) and 1% (for 4056 bp) agarose gel and UV–vis

• absorption spectra. The mobility of the PDHs was expected to be less than that of the unlabelled DIG-biotin strands and was confirmed with band shifts in agarose gel electrophoresis tests (Figure 2). 1.8% (a) and 1% gel (b) images are shown next to each other, these shifts are more prominent in gel lanes 2

Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• dA10dCdA9 is monitored by capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. Any side-reaction, or any backbone degradation, or oxidative damage would have been detectable as additional peaks with typical detectability of 0.1%. Any product formed by these processes is expected to retain some nucleotides, and

• pore we also tested the later with a dA25 tail added either to the 3’- or the 5’-end (Table 1). The oligos used in this study were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies, as PAGE-purified and desalted materials (Table 1). They were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) to assess purity, and

• ; the peak height of both oligo and osmylated oligo reach 120 mAU. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) overlapping traces of oligodeoxynucleotides pGEX3’-dA25 intact and pGEX3’-dA25 at R1 and R2 levels of osmylation per protocols A and B, respectively (Experimental section, Part A). Materials are at