Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• the content of Al and C taking into account the charge balance. The molar fractions of the guest anions are close to the feeding ratio, suggesting the ratio between HALS and MP can be adjusted as designed. These results also suggest that both of HALS and MP anions have been co-intercalated into Ca2Al

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• melt. A typical solution electrospinning setup comprises five major components: a metallic needle with a blunt tip, a syringe for containing the electrospun solution, a syringe pump to control the solution feeding rate, a direct current (DC) high voltage (HV) source, and a grounded conductive collector

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• based on chilled substrates [61]. Successful deposition of Ru containing structures has been demonstrated from an organometallic precursor leading to RuC9 and required oxygen co-feeding to remove carbon resulting in RuO2 [61]. Reports on a heteroleptic Ru carbonyl precursor suggest that the carbonyl

Lyapunov estimation for high-speed demodulation in multifrequency atomic force microscopy

• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael G. Ruppert,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 490–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.47

• oscillation amplitude. This is achieved by feeding back the demodulated fundamental frequency present in the deflection signal. In intermittent-contact mode AFM [5], the tapping amplitude is chosen such that only gentle tip–sample interactions occur. This is particularly suitable for studying biological

• is shown to have a negative feedback loop in which integral action regulates the error. By feeding back an estimate of the input signal obtained from the parameterized states in the form of Equation 3, an error signal is generated. Regulation of this error through feedback leads to the much desired

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

• Daniel Göhler,
• Stephan Große,
• Alexander Bellendorf,
• Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
• Mehdi Ouaissi,
• Jürgen Zieren,
• Michael Stintz and
• Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

• to PIPAC-MIP, HINAT provides the opportunity to perform further studies concerning the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis or other aerosol-accessible kinds of cancer (e.g., lung cancer) on animals even smaller than pigs due to the minimal required access space for feeding nanometre-sized aerosols

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• and the PMMA shell was sacrificed via the subsequent heat treatment steps. The thickness of the PMMA shell can be easily adjusted by changing the feeding volume ratio (FVR) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to acrylonitrile (AN). At an FVR of 1.6, the coarse PAN cores were completely buried in the PMMA

• reaction was continued for 3.5 h under nitrogen protection and constant stirring. Finally, the PMMA–PAN latex was cooled and the unreacted MMA was removed at a reduced pressure. Varying the feeding volume ratio (FVR) of MMA to AN, three PAN–PMMA latexes were prepared. The PAN–PMMA latexes prepared at an

• method, and then used as the seed for the preparation of PAN–PMMA latex. The fabrication efficiency of the PAN–PMMA nanoparticles was thus improved substantially. Second, during the preparation of the PAN–PMMA latex, the hydrophobic initiator AIBN and semicontinuous feeding of MMA monomer were adopted to

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• used to vary the samples and investigate physical and chemical changes. Electrospinning solutions were prepared at different PAN/DMF ratios. Electrospinning parameters (e.g., viscosity, voltage, feeding ratio) effect the nanofiber diameter and homogeneity. Lower viscosity helps to produce finer

Biological and biomimetic materials and surfaces

• Stanislav Gorb and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 403–407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.42

• , attachment and prey catching systems, reproductive, folding and feeding systems, as well as in traumatic reproductive systems [14]. The diets of marine zooplanktonic copepod crustaceans comprise a large proportion of the diatom taxa whose silicified shells exhibit extremely impressive mechanical stability

• . The ability of copepod species to efficiently break stable diatom structures is based on feeding tools with strongly specialized material architecture, chemical compositions and mechanical properties. The paper by Michels et al. [15] is the review of recent studies on copepod feeding tools. Their

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• analysis of spectral parameters and the observation of a G-resonance, the twisted nature of the double-layer fraction of graphene grown with a lower hydrogen feeding rate was demonstrated. The impact of the varied hydrogen flow rate on the structural properties of graphene and the nitrogen concentration is

• introduced into the tubular quartz reactor via barbotage system for 30 min. The feeding rate of n-decane was estimated to be 4 μL/min (for both samples). Afterwards, the tubular quartz reactor was cooled at a rate of 50 °C/min in the presence of N2 gas flow. The obtained properties of samples A and B are

• fraction of graphene grown with the lower hydrogen feeding rate has been established. Moreover, the analysis of the Raman spectra revealed the presence of graphene spots with the G-resonance for both excitation wavelengths used in our experiments (473 nm and 532 nm). The observation of the G-resonance

Noise in NC-AFM measurements with significant tip–sample interaction

• Jannis Lübbe,
• Matthias Temmen,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1885–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.181

• controller described by the transfer function Hac, generating the excitation signal amplitude Aexc. The amplitude control loop is closed by feeding this signal to the cantilever. Note that with closing the loop, a fraction of the noise DA(fm) is fed back to the cantilever, added to the thermal noise and

• cantilever response function Hc(f) and added to the detection system noise floor . The loop is closed by feeding this signal into the PLL. In the case of negligible tip–sample interaction, the noise in the frequency control loop is virtually independent from the settings of the other control loops shown in

• Figure 2, although we note that a coupling may become apparent if either of the loops is operated in an unstable ringing configuration. If significant tip–sample interaction is present, two more signals, one from the amplitude and a second from the distance control loop, are added before feeding the

Functional diversity of resilin in Arthropoda

• Jan Michels,
• Esther Appel and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1241–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.115

• energy in jumping and catapulting systems, the enhancement of adaptability to uneven surfaces in attachment and prey catching systems, the reduction of fatigue and damage in reproductive, folding and feeding systems and the sealing of wounds in a traumatic reproductive system. In addition, resilin is

• rate, stiffness, stability and adhesion. Mouthparts The first mouthpart-related structures containing resilin were already mentioned shortly after the description of resilin. In the respective studies, resilin was found in the salivary and feeding pumps of assassin bugs [109] (cited in [110]), [111

• distal ends [121]. In copepod species feeding on large amounts of diatoms, these teeth are rather compact and consist of complex composites that combine diverse structures and materials with a wide range of properties. Recently, the morphology and material composition of the gnathobases of two copepod

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• uses the shear forces produced in the roll gaps to disperse, mix or homogenize viscous materials as shown in Figure 6. Each roll of the calender rotates at a different velocity. The first and the third roller, called feeding and apron roller, respectively, rotate in the same direction (say clockwise

• between rollers is about 1–5 μm, which is nearly equal to the length of CNTs but quite large compared to the diameter of individual CNTs. So, it can only convert large agglomerates into small ones. Also, the feeding material should be present in a viscous state. It limits its applicability for

The hydraulic mechanism in the hind wing veins of Cybister japonicus Sharp (order: Coleoptera)

• Jiyu Sun,
• Wei Wu,
• Mingze Ling,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 904–913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.82

• (http://medlibrary.org/medwiki/Insect_wing). Hemolymph can transfer mechanical pressure caused by muscle contraction, and facilitate fluid-feeding, prey capture, pupation, and the ecdysis and eclosion processes [19]. However, this has not been confirmed or rejected by experiments regarding unfolding or

Frog tongue surface microstructures: functional and evolutionary patterns

• Thomas Kleinteich and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.81

• in the spectra of prey items between frog taxa. Keywords: adhesion; amphibians; biological materials; feeding; high-resolution micro-CT; Introduction Frogs (Lissamphibia: Anura) are famous for their adhesive tongues, which allow them to catch elusive prey. While the movements of the tongue during

• feeding in different groups of frogs have received considerable attention in the past [1][2][3][4][5][6], little is known about the functional mechanisms for the adhesiveness of frog tongues. Obviously, adhesion is critical to secure the prey item and to move it into the mouth. In a previous study we

• mucus layer, and the target surface of a prey item will be critical for a successful feeding event. Thus, besides mucus production, the filiform papillae as surface microstructures might actually mediate adhesive performance. More recently we discussed the contribution of the filiform papillae to the

Understanding interferometry for micro-cantilever displacement detection

• Alexander von Schmidsfeld,
• Tobias Nörenberg,
• Matthias Temmen and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 841–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.76

• applied to the cleaved end, resulting in a strongly asymmetric optical cavity that allows us to tune the interferometer from Fabry–Pérot to Michelson characteristics [8]. The laser is decoupled from the interferometric detection system through a Faraday isolator feeding the light into port 1 of the 3 dB

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

• found by SEM imaging integrated in the FIB device (Zeiss NVision 40 SEM/FIB). The size of the chosen crystallite is critical as it directly determines the length of the FIB milled channel, and thus, the ratio between the electrical resistance originating from this channel and the feeding contacts. In

Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Franco Dinelli and
• Pasqualantonio Pingue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2278–2289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.234

• cantilever longitudinal and lateral stiffness, the scan direction and velocity, the spacing between successive lines (named ‘feeding’). Depending on these parameters, the nanoripple patterns form in either one or several scan frames. The most significant physical observables of the process are the lateral

• line scratching mode, the nanoripple formation can be more easily controlled and determined than in a multiple line scratching mode [31][32]. In the latter case, the feeding and the number of scans over the same area are also extremely relevant. It has been reported that the patterns depend on the

• of the probe. They are dependent on the probe movement direction, i.e., along parallel or slightly tilted (zig-zag) lines [15][16][31][33][34][35]. However, an analogy between the macroscale and microscale formations of ripples can be only drawn if the feeding is small enough that the whole scan can

Surface engineering of nanoporous substrate for solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer-deposited electrolyte

• Sanghoon Ji,
• Waqas Hassan Tanveer,
• Wonjong Yu,
• Sungmin Kang,
• Gu Young Cho,
• Sung Han Kim,
• Jihwan An and
• Suk Won Cha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1805–1810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.184

• ]. Electrochemical evaluation Commercial AAO (Synkera, USA) membrane with the thickness of 100 μm and the pore size of 80 nm, as shown in Figure 5, was used as the porous substrate to support TF-SOFCs. Test cells with an active electrode area of 1 mm2 were attached to the custom-designed gas feeding chamber using a

High photocatalytic activity of V-doped SrTiO₃ porous nanofibers produced from a combined electrospinning and thermal diffusion process

• Panpan Jing,
• Wei Lan,
• Qing Su and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.132

• solutions. This was then transferred to a glass syringe with a stainless steel needle (inner diameter ≈0.4 mm) for electrospinning. The distance and voltage from the tip of needle to the collector were set at 20 cm and 17 kV, respectively. The feeding rate of the emulsion was set at 0.5 mL/h. After

Superluminescence from an optically pumped molecular tunneling junction by injection of plasmon induced hot electrons

• Kai Braun,
• Xiao Wang,
• Andreas M. Kern,
• Hilmar Adler,
• Heiko Peisert,
• Thomas Chassé,
• Dai Zhang and
• Alfred J. Meixner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1100–1106, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.111

• electron from above the Fermi level (upper level), hence feeding photons back by stimulated emission resonant with the gap mode. The system reflects many essential features of a superluminescent light emitting diode. Keywords: inelastic tunneling; light emitting diode; quantum plasmonics; scanning near

Mandibular gnathobases of marine planktonic copepods – feeding tools with complex micro- and nanoscale composite architectures

• Jan Michels and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 674–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.68

• are able to efficiently break even the most stable frustule types. This ability requires specific feeding tools with mechanically adapted architectures, compositions and properties. When ingesting food, the copepods use the gnathobases of their mandibles to grab and, if necessary, crush and mince the

• feeding on zooplankton. Accordingly, due to their dominance within the zooplankton, copepods are the main primary consumers and significant links between the primary producers and organisms of higher trophic levels. As such, they represent important food web components and therefore key organisms for

• processes such as carbon cycling and nutrient regeneration in the marine pelagial [5][6]. In many ocean areas, diatoms account for a large proportion of the phytoplankton ([5][7][8] and citations therein). For this reason they often are an important food source for copepods, and the knowledge of feeding

A scanning probe microscope for magnetoresistive cantilevers utilizing a nested scanner design for large-area scans

• Tobias Meier,
• Alexander Förste,
• Ali Tavassolizadeh,
• Karsten Rott,
• Dirk Meyners,
• Roland Gröger,
• Günter Reiss,
• Eckhard Quandt,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 451–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.46

• scanner can be held on any position by feeding a constant control voltage to the closed loop controller while small-area scans are performed by the open loop scanner. A crucial precondition for a nested high resolution scanner design is the stability of the housing large-area scanner. The position

Aquatic versus terrestrial attachment: Water makes a difference

• Petra Ditsche and
• Adam P. Summers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2424–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.252

• , fixation of the whole animal, a locomotor structure, or eggs to the substrate, and forming a stable platform for copulation, feeding, phoresy, parasitism or predation [1][2]. Here we focus on attachment of animals to stiff, solid substrates under two biologically relevant conditions – in a dry or humid

Low-cost plasmonic solar cells prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Valdek Mikli,
• Arvo Mere,
• Ilmo Sildos and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2398–2402, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.249

• pneumatically sprayed through air onto a substrate with a surface temperature of 260 °C. The solution volume was varied from 2.5 to 10 mL and the solution feeding rate was 1 mL/min. Current–voltage scans of the solar cells were used to obtain the principal characteristics of the solar cells: voltage at open

The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Thorsten Krause,
• Sabine Koelling,
• Ingmar Lautenschläger and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218

• NP entry. In the late 1990s, diverse animal feeding studies were conducted in order to quantify the amount of particles ranging from 50 nm to 20 µm in size that is taken up at different mucosal sites, such as the lymphoid- (Peyer’s patches) and non-lymphoid-associated tissue, of the digestive tract