Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• . However, this method yields an accurate estimate of the tip radius with a low root mean squared error of the curve fitting results. Keywords: AFM tip calibration; nonlinear regression curve fitting; Introduction Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a sharp tip is typically used to characterize

• AFM tip and the sample, which depends on the tip radius, defines how accurately the AFM tip determines those properties and the shape of fabricated micro- and nanostructures. The contact radius of the tip is a key variable for calculating the stiffness and Young’s modulus of the material by fitting

• at the top corner of a grating structure (a fabricated square column). Then, the tip radius was estimated by fitting a manually drawn circle to the curve profile of the AFM scan [10]. However, the tip curve profile can differ from the shape of a circle, leading to some deviation of the tip curve

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• (SPV decay time constant) images can be mapped by appropriately fitting the amplitude spectrum. As with AM-heterodyne KPFM, there is a frequency mixing effect due to the capacitance term, and we restrict ourselves to the first harmonic to describe the time response of the capacitance gradient (K1

Low temperature atomic layer deposition of cobalt using dicobalt hexacarbonyl-1-heptyne as precursor

• Mathias Franz,
• Mahnaz Safian Jouzdani,
• Lysann Kaßner,
• Marcus Daniel,
• Frank Stahr and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 951–963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.78

• the carbonyl groups [33]. No evidence could be found of cobalt carbide formation, which would result in binding energies of approximately 284 eV or below [34][35]. The oxygen 1s peak has its maximum at 532.2 eV (Figure 5). However, assuming just one feature will result in a poor fitting result with an

• of oxidised cobalt CoO consist of a core level peak (Co2+) and a shake-up satellite (Co2+ (S)) [37]. The measured Co 2p3/2 peak consists of three features (Figure 5). This indicates the presence of metallic as well as oxidised cobalt (mainly Co2+). After fitting, the peak with a binding energy of

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• all paths used in the fits were calculated using the FEFF9 code [78]. The k range was set from 2.3 to 12.1 Å−1. The passive reduction factor S02 values were restrained to 0.8. This value was obtained from fitting a standard foil of metallic Co and constraining the coordination numbers to the

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• ). Impedance parameters obtained from EIS fitting. Funding This research was funded by The Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training under grant B2021-DQN-04.

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• raised to 380 °C, a tiny amount of α-MoO3 (ca. 2%) could be detected. When heated to 440 °C, the mass fraction of α-MoO3 quickly increased to 97.7%. According to the five-parameter logistic function fitting the mass fraction (the red curve in Figure 1b), the transition from h-MoO3 to α-MoO3 begins at a

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• equivalent circuit parameters obtained by fitting impedance spectra. The new investigation data can be useful to predict the behavior of nanostructured CuO in humid environments, which is favorable for advancing technology of nanowire-based systems suitable for sensor applications. Keywords: CuO

• applications, the measurements are performed in a RH range from 5% up to 97% and in a T range of 25–55 °C, which covers wider RH and T ranges than previous studies. Equivalent circuit models for the nanowire-based system are developed based on the EIS measurements. Fitting of the cell parameters shows

• reached the substrate. Fitting of the impedance spectra across the examined range of RH was performed using equivalent electric circuits R1(CR2), R1(QR2) and R1(Q[R2W]) as mentioned above (Figure 2b). The capacitor impedance is ZC,Q = 1/[Y0(iω)n], where the angular frequency ω, the imaginary unit i, Y0

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• elaborated below in the Discussion section. The positions of the illumination spots p1, p2, and p3 are schematically marked in Figure 4d. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of each resonance peak is extracted by numerically fitting the spectrum to a Lorentzian function. The FWHM of the peak in Figure 4b

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• recorded between 1000 cm−1 and 3000 cm−1 Raman shift, using 5% of the maximum power (ca. 0.8 mW incident on the sample), 10 s acquisition time, and a 100× (0.9 NA) objective lens. Spectra were processed to remove cosmic ray artefacts, and a baseline was subtracted using the “Intelligent Fitting” algorithm

• to either a graphite or GNP Raman spectrum. This fitting was carried out using the “Component Analysis” tool in Wire 5.4, using the average spectra from graphite and GNP samples respectively as the “pure” components. No additional baseline or normalization was applied during the analysis, and the

• spectra were fitted directly (rather than a derivative of the spectra). Similar fitting can be implemented in a range of other analysis packages. A higher value of the correlation value indicates a better match to that component. Plotting the median value of the graphite correlation value (Figure 4, black

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• [22][23], confirming what was observed in XRD. The Cr 2p spectrum (Figure 4c) shows peaks centered at 576.7 and 586.8 eV, which were assigned to Cr 2p3/2 and Cr 2p1/2, respectively. The fitting analysis of the Cr 2p3/2 peak suggests the presence of Cr6+ in CrO3 (component at 579.3 eV) and Cr3+ in

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• Gaussian–Lorentzian (GL30) curve as a fitting algorithm and a Shirley background subtraction. Electrochemical studies The setup for the electrochemical studies was the same as for the fabrication of the catalysts (see section “Electrosynthesis and morphology of the deposits”) with some exceptions: The

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• fitting. Figure 4c indicates the size distribution of both samples. The average particle size of the Ch/Q-Ag NPs was calculated as 11.2 ± 2.4 nm, whereas it was found to be 10.3 ± 2.4 nm for the Ch/CA-Ag NPs. To visualize the organic shell structure that covers the Ag NPs, which is difficult to display in

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• for the coupling rate extracted from splitting data. Eight of them are far away from the approximation of two separated Lorentzians for the peaks. Improvements can be made by fitting Equation 4, which lowers the estimated values for Gij. This requires better temperature control to ensure that no

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• a spatial step size of 58.7 nm. Experimental data showing the expansion profile for a 45.0 mA/μm2 modulation and relative fitting with a Voigt function. The shaded area corresponds to the surface of the constriction. The position along x was shifted so to have the distribution centered around 0 for

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• normal-state properties. Therefore, the WHH curves obtained from Equation 1 do not contain any fitting parameter [19][40]. All these quantities together with other superconducting and normal-state properties of the two materials are summarized in Table 1. In Figure 4 the perpendicular H–T phase diagram

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• typical for the presence of superparamagnetic relaxation phenomena suggested a very small size (about 10 nm compared to results from the literature) for the synthesized nanoparticles, which was consistent with electron and XRD diffraction results, as well as TEM results. Different fitting models can be

• traces (4%) of FeO (wüstite). However, the values of ultrafine parameters, in particular average values of isomer shifts (regardless of the fitting model), indicate a mixed-phase composition of the nanoparticles (i.e., maghemite:magnetite in a ratio of 25:75) according to the Fe atomic proportions

• Python 2.7/3.x package for fitting, sharing, and estimating the parameters of transients via user-contributed transient models) involving quadrupolar and magnetic components with Lorentzian lines. The isomer shift values are referred to as that of α-Fe at RT. The ATR-FTIR measurements were performed on a

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• conductivity of TiO2 [37]. Table 1 shows the EIS parameters obtained from fitting the measured results with equivalent circuits. The R1 values illustrate a low electrical resistance of the 0.1 M KCl solution, while the R2 values show that the TiO2 electrode has the highest resistance among the prepared

• ) and light (L) conditions. (b) Dependence of luminous intensity and H2 evolution on the time of the day; electrolyte: 3 M KOH. Parameters from fitting EIS results. Photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of various TiO2-based catalysts.a Acknowledgements We acknowledge Ho Chi Minh City

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• is the relative permittivity of t-Te [36]. Considering both TA and NNH conduction mechanisms, it is possible to extract some of the abovementioned parameters by fitting the resistivity data of NW-1 and NW-2 (Figure 5) with ρ(T) = 1/[σTA(T) + σNNH(T)]. This model explains well our NW-1 and NW-2 data

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• -characterized radii; higher averaging power (at the cost of spatial resolution) and sensitivity to weak interactions; well-defined interaction geometry (spheres in the plane), allowing for analytical models for accurate and reliable data fitting. Colloidal probes provide an excellent detection tool for

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• based on noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, van der Waals forces, π–π interaction, and electrostatic interaction. Moreover, the structural “fitting” effect may also have distinct adsorption behaviors for enantiomers. Therefore, the design of effective chiral

• structures, which may lead to the preferential binding of small guests and higher chiral discriminating factors. Besides cavity size or shape fitting, regulation of noncovalent interactions for the recognition processes is also essential. Enantiomers may interact with the host in many ways but show a

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• from Equation 6 typically differs from the measured second mode resonance frequency by only a few percent. The noise of the interferometer deflection measurement neq = 89 fm/ was obtained from fitting the first flexural mode thermal noise spectrum. Figure 9c,d shows the dependence of the force

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• water cluster per impact, with respect to angle and fluence. In some cases, one collision could dissociate several clusters of water. References of the simulation parameters. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 64: Additional figures and tables with DFT data fitting plots, g(r) per slab

Efficiency of electron cooling in cold-electron bolometers with traps

• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Vladimir A. Frost,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 896–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.80

• current–voltage characteristics, but also for its derivatives. The graphs of the electron temperature of the OL-G7nn sample are shown in Figure 2a for three values of the phonon temperature of 300, 200, and 100 mK. We have started with fitting at 100 mK since Andreev and leakage currents do not change

• from 100 to 25 mK due to lower Andreev currents, thus decreasing our previous threshold [7] of 42 mK in the low-temperature range. For a better determination of the parameters, we have improved our fitting algorithm that takes into account both the leakage and Andreev currents and the sixth power of

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• liquid sample by fitting the function to our experimental data. The chemical composition of the eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy sample was determined by photoelectronic X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) before and after heating in air at 100 °C for 3 h. The spectrograms were recorded with a K-alpha+ XPS system