The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• multifunctionality presents a promising approach for mitigation. Nonetheless, further research is required to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale studies and real-world applications, ensuring technological feasibility, economic viability, and alignment with future regulatory frameworks. Conclusion and Future

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• therapy and is closely linked to alterations in cancer metabolism [2][3][4]. Changed metabolic pathways allow cancer cells to grow faster than usual, adapt to restricted nutrient conditions, and develop drug resistance [3]. There is still a gap in the efficacy of various cancer therapies despite numerous

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• -organization [33] to second harmonic generation [11] and cavitation instability [23][50][51]. Despite numerous studies, the formation mechanism of HSFL and the reason for their shorter periodicity compared to the laser wavelength remain elusive. Our previous work addressed this gap by patterning a single line

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• absorption still measurable up to about 650 nm. This sub-bandgap absorption occurs because of the creation of mid-gap states, mainly caused by missing oxygen atoms and structural issues that arise during high-current electrodeposition or when using higher amounts of the VO(acac)2 precursor. The redshifted

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• applications. This discussion delves into the challenges and opportunities presented by biomimetic nanoparticles and offers a comprehensive exploration of their fundamentals and recent breakthroughs, with an eye towards clinical translation. By bridging the gap between scientific innovation and clinical

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• highly toxic chemical warfare agent, remains an area with untapped potential. Addressing this gap, the present work constructs an armchair ZnS NT to investigate its adsorption configurations, charge transfer, band structure, density of states, optical absorption, and optical conductivity using a density

• , the most significant variation in the energy gap is observed for orientation A. Consequently, the conductivity of ZnS NT exhibits a significant variation, demonstrating its suitability for sensing applications. The sensitivity of the sensor is defined in terms of the change in the bandgap [61] by

• between the valence and conduction bands, reflecting the fundamental optical properties of the material. Furthermore, the absence of significant absorption in the visible region (>400 nm) underscores the lack of mid-gap states in pristine ZnS NTs. Such optical characteristics align with previous reports

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• improved thermal stability, crystallization temperatures, stiffness, and electrical conductivity (not investigated in this work), a significant gap remains regarding tribological performance, surface activity, and rheological responses under varying loads and temperatures. This study demonstrates that the

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• dynamics across multiscale time domains remains elusive. Multiplexing probes, such as the combination of imaging and crystal diffraction, have advanced the understanding of complex phenomena by narrowing the gap between theory and observation (Figure 3) [80][81]. In an experiment combining single-particle

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• eV corresponding to a second absolute gap in the diamond band structure [38]. In the TEY spectra of both PCD and Ni-PCD films, the aforementioned spectral features are well pronounced, indicating the preservation of the ordered crystalline structure of diamond in the bulk of the film after annealing

• spectra display the characteristic features of sp3-hybridized carbon, namely, the σ*(sp3)-resonance at 289.3 eV and the second gap at 302.3 eV, as well as the π*(sp2)- and σ*(sp2)-resonances at 285.3 and 291.4 eV of the sp2-hybridized carbon. In the spectrum of the Ni-SCD face, the π*(sp2)- and σ*(sp2

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• [35], the p-type nature of FeS2 was identified. Based on this, an n-type Si (n-Si) substrate was chosen to achieve the photodiode structure. Well cleaned n-type silicon substrates were used as the anode and the cathode in the EPD setup. With a 4.5 mm gap between them, the electrodes were positioned

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• few nanometers along the entire nanowire. For operando SPEM measurements, nanowires were transferred onto a prepatterned device template with flat, individually contacted Au/Ti electrodes deposited onto a SiO2/Si substrate, separated by a 1.5 µm wide insulating gap. Optical microscopy images of the

• nanowire surface. The measured binding energy shift amounts to 0.48 eV in the In 4d spectra and 0.47 eV in the P 2p spectra. Even though this is a significant and well-resolved shift, its value is surprisingly low compared with the InP band gap of 1.34 eV at room temperature. Similarly grown InP p–n

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• significant progress, a major challenge remains in discovering materials that exhibit superconductivity at higher, more practical temperatures. The efficient fabrication of materials with a low superconducting energy gap and an intermediate Tc is crucial for the development and enhancement of superconducting

• has a superconductive energy gap lower than that of NbN [7], the most commonly used material for single-photon detectors in the gigahertz range; hence, this material can be a better candidate for superconductive electronic devices. Depending on the amount of incorporated nitrogen, x, the tantalum

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• study materials such as perovskite solar cells [18][19][20] and Li-ion batteries [21][22][23]. AFM enables simultaneous acquisition of topographic and electronic data by applying AC or DC voltages across the tip–sample gap, allowing for the detection of capacitive forces [24][25] or contact potential

• the gradient of the energy, WC, stored in the tip–sample capacitor C with respect to the tip–sample separation z, as given by where Vtip−sample specifies the electrical voltage across the tip–sample gap. In conventional EFM with single-frequency excitation, Vtip−sample is given by Equation 2 [18

• excitation signal that has to be considered in Equation 12. By using appropriate means of coupling the electrical excitation into the tip–sample gap, experiments at microwave or even at optical frequencies are possible. In our setup, the two excitation frequencies can be varied in frequency from ≈600 kHz up

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• behavior of the formulations was assessed by flow tests using the Modular Compact Rheometer (Anton Paar, MRC 302). A cone-plate geometry was used (diameter 49.9 mm, angle 1°, and gap 96 μm). The shear stress (γ) was evaluated as a function of the shear rate ranging from 0.1 to 200 s−1. The experiment was

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• films. Despite these advances, a noticeable gap exists in the systematic exploration of nitrogen implantation with variations in the thickness of Mo films. To address this gap, this study employs an extensive approach, implementing low-energy nitrogen ion implantation with a systematic variation in film

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• Au–Pt alloy (atomic ratio, Au/Pt = 1:1) that has an immiscible gap in the binary phase diagram and is difficult to form a solid–solution alloy in a bulk form. Figure 6 shows a a) TEM image and b) STEM-EDS mappings of the particles produced after laser irradiation. The TEM results (Figure 6a

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• activity and nucleic acid catalysis, effectively bridging the gap between short oligomers and functional RNAs under various environmental conditions. In addition to a delivery enhancer, PLL can be efficiently employed as an antisense oligonucleotide condenser. In their exploration of advanced drug delivery

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• . The 23 eV gap between two binding energies suggests that the Zn element is in a +2 oxidation state. The 1s orbital spectra of oxygen in Ag–ZnO samples are shown in Figure 7c, revealing a peak with a binding energy of 528 eV. The oxygen peak can be resolved into two distinct peaks, which indicates two

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• whether a given catalyst becomes reactive, is referred to as the pressure gap. To provide an interpretive framework for catalysts under industrial conditions, new experimental and theoretical analysis tools are required. While recent years have witnessed a tremendous effort in this direction [3], many of

• these techniques are photon-based [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Even though they provide valuable insights, the development of surface-sensitive techniques that can image the catalyst at the atomic scale under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions remains crucial. In attempting to close the pressure gap

• ]. Alongside the pressure gap, the existence of the materials gap refers to the complexity and heterogeneity of real catalysts. Such catalysts are compounds that possess a special complex mixture consisting essentially of metals, oxides, and promoters, supported on refractory oxides. The requirement of a

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• superconductors have a layered structure and can be modeled as a stack of superconducting planes separated by an insulating gap. The Abrikosov vortex in such a structure can be represented as a stack of flat layered vortices, the so-called pancakes, connected by an interplanar bond. In samples that do not have

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• , and the reference electrode was a reversible hydrogen electrode (Gaskatel HydroFlex®). Chronopotentiometry data were collected for 12 h at −10 mA·cm−2, provided by a Bio-Logic SP-150-EIS potentiostat, in a custom-made small-gap H-cell obtained from the Jaramillo group at Stanford University [82]. A

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• with energy lower than the excitation photon energy are emitted. The recombination can occur either from band to band or through impurities and defects present within an energy level inside the forbidden gap. Grain boundaries are responsible for non-radiative recombination processes. For the present

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• unaddressed in literature. To tackle this knowledge gap, the present study investigates the phase preference of laser-generated noble metal (Au and Ag) and base metal (Cu, Fe, Al and Ti) nanoparticles within propylene carbonate/alcohol (PC/A) systems. Alcohols of increasing chain length (C6–C11) and hence

• , polarity of the solvent, or even physical attributes (e.g., boiling point), phase transfer methods are essential. To close this knowledge gap, we have performed ablation of six different metals (Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Al, and Ti) ranging from high to low standard electrochemical reduction potentials in a

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10