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Search for "growth rate" in Full Text gives 127 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

  • Elena O. Gordeeva,
  • Ilya V. Roslyakov,
  • Alexey P. Leontiev,
  • Alexey A. Klimenko and
  • Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

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  • growth rate as can be seen from the dependence of the average current density (javer) and the Cu growth rate on the deposition potential (Table 1). To determine the Cu electrodeposition conditions leading to the highest length uniformity, the first segment with much longer length than the supposed recess
  • metal for the second segment. The low concentration of Au(I) electroactive species in the electrolyte results in a low current density (javer ≈ 0.6 mA·cm−2 for Ed = −1.0 V) and a low metal growth rate of 3.5 µm·h−1. As a consequence, complete pore filling in the used AAO template requires ca. 14 h. Such
  • growth rate of the third Cu segments due to the contribution of diffusion current. Thus, an increase in the fraction of active nanoelectrodes could be achieved under kinetic control of electrodeposition process, which requires lower overpotentials [24][26] and/or lower electrolyte temperatures [30][31
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Published 30 Aug 2021

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

  • Miriam Anna Huth,
  • Axel Huth and
  • Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

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  • 40% with growth velocities of 0.3 to 0.5 nm/min (Figure 7). Since tubule 4 only grew until minute 21, the growth rate of tubule 4 was determined only for this period. After that, the height of the tubule decreased. The first AFM images of the investigation of ß-diketone recrystallization on glass
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Published 20 Aug 2021

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

  • Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
  • Lida Moradi,
  • Elmira Kohan,
  • Michael R. Hamblin and
  • Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

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Published 11 Aug 2021

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

  • Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

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Published 02 Jul 2021

Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

  • Cristiano Glessi,
  • Aya Mahgoub,
  • Cornelis W. Hagen and
  • Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

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  • substitutions on deposit composition and growth rate indicates that the most suitable organic ligand for the gold precursor is triazole-based, with the best deposit composition of 15 atom % gold, while the most suitable anionic ligand is the trifluoromethyl group, leading to a growth rate of 1 × 10−2 nm3/e
  • ]. Although many different ligand architectures of gold organometallic complexes were tested as FEBID gold precursors, the effect of different substitutions in the core structure of the molecule on the composition and growth rate of deposits is still largely unexplored. Such studies may reveal groups or
  • -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes on the growth rate and composition of deposits. The precursors that were synthesized had the general formula Au(NHC)X, and the effect of the variation of both the NHC ligand and the ancillary ligand X (X = Cl, Br, I, CF3) (Figure 1) was studied. Because the sublimation
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Published 17 Mar 2021

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

  • Sandra Senyo Fometu,
  • Guohua Wu,
  • Lin Ma and
  • Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

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  • growth rate and development [116]. Li et al. [116] showed that low concentrations of nanoparticles (NPs) enhance larval body growth and feeding efficiency. Silkworm larvae fed with 5 or 10 mg/L of TiO2 NPs (with sizes in the range of 5–6 nm) improved the ingestion and digestibility of mulberry leaves
  • development of larger testes and ovaries when compared with the control group. Pandiarajan et al. reported that the exposure of silkworm larvae to 1 ppm of Ag NPs improved the larval growth rate and the cocoon weight when compared to silkworms exposed to 10 and 100 ppm of Ag NPs. It was also indicated that
  • concentrations of Ag NPs greater than 800 mg/L improved the growth rate of silkworms, it also resulted in silkworm death [122]. Similar reports indicated that although increasing concentrations of Ag NPs positively reflected on the bodyweight of the silkworm, the exposure to Ag NPs caused adverse effects on
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Published 12 Feb 2021

Electron beam-induced deposition of platinum from Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2

  • Aya Mahgoub,
  • Hang Lu,
  • Rachel M. Thorman,
  • Konstantin Preradovic,
  • Titel Jurca,
  • Lisa McElwee-White,
  • Howard Fairbrother and
  • Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1789–1800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.161

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  • determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and compared to the composition of deposits from MeCpPtMe3, as well as deposits made in an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) environment. A slight increase in metal content and a higher growth rate are achieved in the SEM for deposits from Pt(CO)2Cl2 compared
  • to MeCpPtMe3. However, deposits made from Pt(CO)2Br2 show slightly less metal content and a lower growth rate compared to MeCpPtMe3. With both Pt(CO)2Cl2 and Pt(CO)2Br2, a marked difference in composition was found between deposits made in the SEM and deposits made in UHV. In addition to Pt, the UHV
  • for the largest pillars). The decreasing growth rate (here defined as the increase in height per incident electron, that is, the slope of the curves in Figure 5a) with increasing dose indicates that the growth is still limited by the precursor supply for both precursors, but more so for Pt(CO)2Cl2 [4
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Published 27 Nov 2020

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

  • Matías Guerrero Correa,
  • Fernanda B. Martínez,
  • Cristian Patiño Vidal,
  • Camilo Streitt,
  • Juan Escrig and
  • Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

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  • reduction in the microbial growth rate of Lactobacillus plantarum for up to 112 days of storage [112]. Star-like ZnO NPs were synthesized by the facile molten salt method and used to prepare synthetic nanocomposites with 2 or 4 wt % of ZnO NP load. Nanocomposites with 4 wt % of ZnO NPs exhibited the best
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Published 25 Sep 2020

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

  • Sebastian Tigges,
  • Nicolas Wöhrl,
  • Ivan Radev,
  • Ulrich Hagemann,
  • Markus Heidelmann,
  • Thai Binh Nguyen,
  • Stanislav Gorelkov,
  • Stephan Schulz and
  • Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

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  • reach a value of $9.5 billion USD by 2024, resulting in a compound annual growth rate of 13.2% during 2019–2024 [1]. Especially in the transport industry, fuel cells are expected to play a significant economic and ecological role when it comes to environmentally friendly energy production due to their
  • properties of the support Figure 4 shows the influence of the carrier gas flow rate (a), pressure (b), and substrate temperature (c) on the CNW morphology. The wall density, as well as the growth rate, was found to increase with increasing gas flow rate, decreasing pressure and increasing substrate
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Published 17 Sep 2020

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

  • Marius van den Berg,
  • Ardeshir Moeinian,
  • Arne Kobald,
  • Yu-Ting Chen,
  • Anke Horneber,
  • Steffen Strehle,
  • Alfred J. Meixner and
  • Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

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  • of H2 (10 sccm) and SiH4 (100 sccm), at a pressure of 100 mbar. The silicon shell growth rate under these conditions is in the range of 1 nm/min and yields a thickness of approximately 25 nm. To make confocal Raman and TERS investigations of individual nanowires, SiNWs are released from their
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Published 31 Jul 2020

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

  • Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

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  • , without any cooling or heating of the latter. To grow films with a nanocrystalline structure, a growth rate of about 10 nm/s was used whereas, for amorphous thin films, the growth rate was increased to 30 nm/s. The deposition rate was increased by raising the temperature of the evaporator. The calibration
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Published 10 Jul 2020

Transition from freestanding SnO2 nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

  • Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
  • Sebastian Gutsch and
  • Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

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  • the surroundings of the gold droplet, which will affect the NW growth rate and their growth mode (laterally aligned or freestanding). Due to the changes in the ratio of the transport mechanisms (Equation 2 and Equation 4) and in the reaction rate, the local process gas concentrations at the sample
  • observable (Figure 5d,e). For a process pressure of 50 mbar (not shown here) or a powder temperature of 1000 °C (Figure 5c,f), a transition can be seen where the growth of the SnO2 nanowire begins in the laterally aligned mode and lifts up after some hundreds of nanometers to become freestanding. The growth
  • rate is too high to maintain a quasi-thermodynamic equilibrium for the growth of straight laterally aligned NWs. In contrast, the laterally aligned NWs from gold film edges and gold nanoparticles grown at 20 mbar are highly oriented in a specific direction (Figure 5b,e). For NWs grown out of gold films
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Published 28 May 2020

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

  • Ivan Kundrata,
  • Karol Fröhlich,
  • Lubomír Vančo,
  • Matej Mičušík and
  • Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

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  • . However, the growth rate (growth per cycle) of 0.43 Å/cycle is in line with expectations. Overall, the results indicate that an ALD process occurred with a definite growth per cycle, albeit its saturation has yet to be determined. Discussion The experiment indicates that the reaction between BuLi and
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Published 18 Jul 2019

CuInSe2 quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO2 surfaces

  • Henrique Limborço,
  • Pedro M.P. Salomé,
  • Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
  • Jennifer P. Teixeira,
  • Nicoleta Nicoara,
  • Kamal Abderrafi,
  • Joaquim P. Leitão,
  • Juan C. Gonzalez and
  • Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

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  • evaporated in excess of 30 times, as it is typical for chalcopyrite materials [32][33][34]. All samples presented in this work were deposited for a period of 5 min and with a substrate rotation of 10 rpm, to improve the homogeneity of the samples. Under these conditions a nominal CIS growth rate of 6 ± 1 Å
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Published 22 May 2019

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

  • Bogusław Budner,
  • Mariusz Kuźma,
  • Barbara Nasiłowska,
  • Bartosz Bartosewicz,
  • Malwina Liszewska and
  • Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

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  • examine the influence of other deposition conditions on the structure of SNIFs produced. The applied laser fluence and the number of laser pulses affect the structural parameters of the obtained SNIFs, such as the size and spacing of the silver nanoislands. Calculations of the growth rate of silver
  • (three samples for each fluence). The reference silver films had different thicknesses depending on the number of laser pulses used (4000, 8000, 16000 pulses). The dependence of layer thickness from the number of laser pulses was approximated by a linear function. The growth rate of the silver films was
  • calculated as the directional coefficient of the approximation function. In the case when the fluence of the laser radiation was 5.56 ± 0.37 J/cm2, the calculated layer growth rate was 9.0 ± 0.2nm per 1000 laser pulses. When the laser fluence was about half as low, 2.52 ± 0.17 J/cm2, the calculated growth
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Published 16 Apr 2019

Periodic Co/Nb pseudo spin valve for cryogenic memory

  • Nikolay Klenov,
  • Yury Khaydukov,
  • Sergey Bakurskiy,
  • Roman Morari,
  • Igor Soloviev,
  • Vladimir Boian,
  • Thomas Keller,
  • Mikhail Kupriyanov,
  • Anatoli Sidorenko and
  • Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 833–839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.83

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  • we presputtered the corresponding target for 40–50 seconds for stabilization of the film growth rate. The deposition was performed in a pure argon atmosphere (99.999% purity) at a working pressure of 8 × 10−3 mbar. The thickness of the films was controlled by the time of deposition of the material on
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Published 09 Apr 2019

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

  • Hrvoje Gebavi,
  • Vlatko Gašparić,
  • Dubravko Risović,
  • Nikola Baran,
  • Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
  • Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

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  • signal significantly increases after washing with water. The first observation can be clearly explained as follows: The temperature during annealing prior to VLS synthesis influences the size and distribution of the Au seeds on the Si wafer, while the VLS process temperature determines growth rate and
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Published 15 Mar 2019

Direct observation of the CVD growth of monolayer MoS2 using in situ optical spectroscopy

  • Claudia Beatriz López-Posadas,
  • Yaxu Wei,
  • Wanfu Shen,
  • Daniel Kahr,
  • Michael Hohage and
  • Lidong Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 557–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.57

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  • substrates has been monitored in situ using differential transmittance spectroscopy (DTS). The growth of the MoS2 monolayer can be precisely followed by observation of the evolution of the characteristic optical features. Consequently, a strong correlation between the growth rate of the MoS2 monolayer and
  • revealing the ongoing growth of the MoS2 layer. Interestingly, although the temperature of the MoO3 source was still increasing, the growth speed of the DT signal at 2.7 eV dropped at around 35 min. With a closer inspection of the temperature curves, the observed decrease of the growth rate at 2.7 eV can be
  • correlated to the declining substrate temperature and the sulfur source temperature. Actually, without going into the details of the kinetics of the reaction, the growth rate r of the MoS2 can be associated with several factors that depend strongly on the temperature of the sulfur source (TS), MoO3 source
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Published 26 Feb 2019

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

  • Achintya Jana,
  • Puneet Mishra and
  • Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

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  • have faster nucleation or growth rate than the equilibrium structure. Typically such phases are promoted by stronger intermolecular interactions [28]. Availability of additional hydrogen-bonding sites, as discussed previously, thus favors faster nucleation and growth of polymorph II. Once such
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Published 18 Feb 2019

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

  • Leva Momtazi,
  • Henrik H. Sønsteby and
  • Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

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  • 250 and 300 °C, while an overall reduction in growth rate with increasing temperature was observed for the uracil and thymine systems. The bonding modes of the films have been further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction
  • growth rate over 20 consecutive cycles using the middle 16 cycles for statistics, as shown in Figure 2. This approach resembles a practical growth mode where the pulse times are kept sufficiently long for homogeneous growth but shorter than what is required for complete saturation. Long pulse times
  • reacted nucleobases and form sufficiently thermally stable complexes without release of isopropanol. The growth rate of the systems was further investigated as a function of deposition temperature in the range 225–350 °C (Figure 4). The growth rate of the thymine and uracil systems shows a strong
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Published 08 Feb 2019

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

  • Rekha Bai,
  • Dinesh K. Pandya,
  • Sujeet Chaudhary,
  • Veer Dhaka,
  • Vladislav Khayrudinov,
  • Jori Lemettinen,
  • Christoffer Kauppinen and
  • Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

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  • of precursors and the growth is controlled by some additional reactants during the chemical reaction such as KOH, LiOH and NaOH [21][22]. These additional reactants are employed to reduce the growth rate as well as growth temperature. But, even for a very small concentration of additional reactant
  • decreasing the growth temperature and growth rate); cost-effective (due to employing a simple electrolytic bath cell and current source) and ability to grow various nanostructures at ambient pressure and temperature. Moreover, the directed nanocrystal growth can be accomplished on a substrate, rather than in
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Published 24 Jan 2019

Relation between thickness, crystallite size and magnetoresistance of nanostructured La1−xSrxMnyO3±δ films for magnetic field sensors

  • Rasuole Lukose,
  • Valentina Plausinaitiene,
  • Milita Vagner,
  • Nerija Zurauskiene,
  • Skirmantas Kersulis,
  • Virgaudas Kubilius,
  • Karolis Motiejuitis,
  • Birute Knasiene,
  • Voitech Stankevic,
  • Zita Saltyte,
  • Martynas Skapas,
  • Algirdas Selskis and
  • Evaldas Naujalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 256–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.24

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  • ) [19][20] was used to enable easy and reproducible control of the growth rate and nucleation site density by introducing the additional supply source of the precursor solution to the reaction chamber. The novelty of our investigations concerns the growth of La1−xSrxMnyO3±δ (LSMO) films on ceramic Al2O3
  • series of films of variable thickness were deposited: I – one source with LSMO solution, II – 2 separate sources, LSMO solution and solvent source (Figure 1). The growth rate was controlled by application of additional solvent, resulting in the dilution of the precursor in the gas phase. The transmission
  • growth rate (I series – 28 nm/min; II series – 18 nm/min) enabled an increase of the crystallite size at the same deposition temperature. In relation to the dimensions of the crystallites and transport properties, the increase of the MR (where MR = (ρB − ρ0)/ρ0 and ρB and ρ0 are the field and zero field
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Published 23 Jan 2019

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

  • Florian Dumitrache,
  • Iuliana P. Morjan,
  • Elena Dutu,
  • Ion Morjan,
  • Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
  • Monica Scarisoreanu,
  • Alina Ilie,
  • Marius Dumitru,
  • Cristian Mihailescu,
  • Adriana Smarandache and
  • Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

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  • of nanoparticle size; (d) control of growth rate and residence time in reaction zone; and (e) continuous working regime scalable to pilot station and even to industrial production. As raw or auxiliary materials we employed volatile diethylzinc (ZnEt2, ≥52 wt % Zn content) and tetramethyltin (SnMe4
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Published 02 Jan 2019

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

  • Philip D. Prewett,
  • Cornelis W. Hagen,
  • Claudia Lenk,
  • Steve Lenk,
  • Marcus Kaestner,
  • Tzvetan Ivanov,
  • Ahmad Ahmad,
  • Ivo W. Rangelow,
  • Xiaoqing Shi,
  • Stuart A. Boden,
  • Alex P. G. Robinson,
  • Dongxu Yang,
  • Sangeetha Hari,
  • Marijke Scotuzzi and
  • Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

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  • demonstrates the need for better modelling of the SE emission profile, as also carried out by Fowlkes et al. [77] and Smith et al. [78] to enable the prediction of 3D deposit geometry and growth rate as a function of the patterning parameters. The high resolution of the technique has been utilised in the
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Published 14 Nov 2018

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

  • Pavel Loiko,
  • Tanujjal Bora,
  • Josep Maria Serres,
  • Haohai Yu,
  • Magdalena Aguiló,
  • Francesc Díaz,
  • Uwe Griebner,
  • Valentin Petrov,
  • Xavier Mateos and
  • Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

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  • immerged in an aqueous solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (10 mM) and hexamethylenetetramine (10 mM) and the reaction bath was maintained at 90 °C for 5–15 h. During the hydrothermal growth, the reaction solution was replenished every 5 h in order to maintain a constant growth rate of the NRs. Finally
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Published 23 Oct 2018
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