Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• deposition has the advantages of rapid heat transfer, uniform heating and acceleration of the diffusion of S atoms into the TiO2 crystal lattice. After the autoclave had cooled naturally to room temperature, the precipitate was washed several times with deionized water and absolute ethanol, respectively and

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• magnetic hyperthermia therapy. Usually the system consists of MNPs dispersed in an aqueous medium, known also as a ferrofluid. The heat transfer from the specifically configured AC field (with biologically compatible amplitude and frequency) to the tissue loaded with suitably functionalized MNPs can be

• performed by different mechanisms, depending on type and size of the MNPs. In the case of magnetic oxide nanoparticles (usually ferrites) with an average size of less than 30 nm (considered at this moment as the most suitable for such purposes), two heat transfer mechanisms must be considered [12][13]: (i

• this respect, two regimes have to be mentioned here [14]: (i) a static regime, corresponding to τ >> τM, where the main heat transfer mechanism is through hysteretic losses and (ii) the dynamic regime, corresponding to τ << τM, where the main heat transfer mechanism is through magnetic relaxation

Time-resolved universal temperature measurements using NaYF₄:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ upconverting nanoparticles in an electrospray jet

• Kristina Shrestha,
• Arwa A. Alaulamie,
• Ali Rafiei Miandashti and
• Hugh H. Richardson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2916–2924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.270

• absorption cross section of water at 980 nm (3 × 10−28 m2/molecule) [38], Nw is the number density of water (3.33 × 1028 molecules/m3). The rate of heat loss is given by Equation 3 where h and S are the heat-transfer coefficient and surface concentration of water perpendicular to the direction of heat

Optimal fractal tree-like microchannel networks with slip for laminar-flow-modified Murray’s law

• Dalei Jing,
• Shiyu Song,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xiaoming Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 482–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.46

• microfluidic systems widely used in various fields such as lab-on-a-chip for chemical and biomedical detection and microchannel heat sinks for the cooling of electronic systems [1][2], the optimal mass and heat transfer performance is essential, yet challenging. For example, a microchannel heat sink has a

• better convective heat transfer performance, but needs a larger pumping power. Thus, the optimal design of the channel layout to achieve better mass and heat transfer performance is needed. Fractal tree-like branched networks are found abundant in nature, for example, in the vascular systems of animals

• , in tree branches and leaf veins of plants, all of which can provide inspiration for the optimal design of the channel layout to achieve the optimal mass and heat transfer [3][4][5]. These branched networks are known to have excellent performance in transport processes of heat and mass, and have been

Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results

• Babak B. Naghshine and
• Amirkianoosh Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.176

• can have many potential applications including patterning the cell growth for biomedical applications and controlling the grain size in fabrication of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Keywords: 3D transient modelling; heat transfer; laser materials processing

• see the profile of the holes generated by the laser beam on the surface of the samples. Numerical model Heat transfer model Since nanosecond pulses (where the pulse duration is in the nanosecond range) are studied in this paper, the whole process is in the hot-ablation domain. Therefore, the process

• can be modelled using regular laws of heat transfer and thermodynamics. A 3D transient model that was previously proven to be accurate for laser processing of the bulk materials [21] was customized for a multilayer structure and used in this paper. In this model, the 3D heat conduction equation

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• fibers observed by TEM upon addition of NCNDs. A minor discrepancy between the absolute values obtained with the two techniques could also be ascribed to sample holder geometries that differ in their surface-to-volume ratios (which is much higher in the CD cell), as well as different heat transfer

Development of a nitrogen-doped 2D material for tribological applications in the boundary-lubrication regime

• Shende Rashmi Chandrabhan,
• Velayudhanpillai Jayan,
• Somendra Singh Parihar and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1476–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.147

• heat transfer fluid and decreases the temperature at friction interfaces. Application of the nanolubricant in induced draft (ID) fans Stable nanolubricants were prepared in large scale (700 liter) for field trial at a power plant of the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) in India. The study was

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

Bio-inspired micro-to-nanoporous polymers with tunable stiffness

• Julia Syurik,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Prerna Sudera,
• Stephan Weyand,
• Siegbert Johnsen,
• Gabriele Wiegand and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 906–914, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.92

• International Ltd., Switzerland), which contains mostly monopropylene glycol and is commonly used as a heat-transfer medium. A temperature gradient was employed by dipping the PMMA films, while they were clamped between the metal plates, into the hot liquid (105 °C) for 15 s. To stop the pore growth, the sample

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• depends on the sign of strain. Indeed, using the thermoelastic effect [16][17] under reversible and adiabatic conditions (i.e., in the elastic regime and neglecting heat transfer within the body and to the environment), for isotropic materials, it is possible to relate the temperature change ΔT to the

The difference in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids measured by different methods and its rationalization

• Aparna Zagabathuni,
• Sudipto Ghosh and
• Shyamal Kumar Pabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2037–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.194

• the first time on the basis of the collision-mediated heat transfer model for nanofluids proposed earlier by our research group. Based on the continuum simulation coupled with stochastic analysis, the present theoretical prediction agrees well with the experimental observations from different

• measuring methods reported in the literature, and fully accounts for the different results from the two measuring methods mentioned above. This analysis also gives an indication that the nanofluids are unlikely to be effective for heat transfer in microchannels. Keywords: Brownian movement; collision

• -mediated heat transfer model; laser flash method; nanofluids; thermal conductivity; transient hot-wire method; Introduction In 1995, Choi et al. [1] dispersed copper nanoparticles in water, and termed the suspension as nanofluid. They observed a large increase in the thermal conductivity of this nanofluid

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• the microwave synthesis without post-reaction reheating effects. Microwave irradiation is a highly efficient heating method for transferring energy into the reaction chamber and provides more uniform heating with a rapid temperature rise in comparison with conventional heat transfer methods. MHS is

The role of morphology and coupling of gold nanoparticles in optical breakdown during picosecond pulse exposures

• Yevgeniy R. Davletshin and
• J. Carl Kumaradas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 869–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.79

• laser pulse interaction with the gold nanostructures, Qrh [49]. Heat transfer (HT) The temperature produced by heat sources due to plasma formation [28], laser pulse interaction and thermal diffusion was solved in all domains outside of the nanoparticles, except the PMLs (Figure 1). The HT model was

• built to solve for the electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation, the hyperbolic two-temperature model (TTM) of finite-speed heat diffusion inside gold nanoparticles, the heat transfer in aqueous media and the rate equation of plasma formation. The particles in an assembly were spaced 4 nm apart in order to

• boundaries are used to truncate the domain to one quarter of the full 3D EM model. The TTM, plasma and heat transfer domains were meshed using tetrahedral elements with quadrilateral vector basis function (see Figure 1). Swept meshing was used for the EM domain (see Figure 1), which represents a perfectly

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• amounts to ∆RSim = 0.23 Ω, in the same range as the experimental finding of 0.15 Ω. The 50% larger resistance difference is attributed to the assumption of completely suppressed heat transfer across the junction, leading to an overestimation of the temperature and resistance differences. Nevertheless the

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• energy and cost efficient than conventional synthesis methods. The microwave radiation employed is a highly effective method of providing energy to the reaction chamber, which results in a more uniform and rapid heating in comparison with traditional methods of heat transfer [64]. The MSS method is a

Efficiency improvement in the cantilever photothermal excitation method using a photothermal conversion layer

• Natsumi Inada,
• Hitoshi Asakawa,
• Taiki Kobayashi and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 409–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.36

• % blackened area in the SEM image indicates that the flakes of colloidal graphite are likely to stack on the surface of the cantilever with hollow spaces. The hollow spaces in the PTC layer may cause the decrease in heat transfer from the PTC layer to the cantilever. Another possible mechanism is an influence

• of heat transfer in the lateral direction by connected flakes of colloidal graphite. The lateral connection of colloidal graphite may lead to the increase of heat transfer in the lateral direction, resulting in a small thermal gradient in the cantilever. In fact, the SEM image of the 100% blackened

• cantilever with low heat transfer in the lateral direction, resulting in an increase of generated mechanical stress. The results indicate that the optimal coating of the PTC layer may be slightly lower than 100% as long as a multilayered structure with hollow spaces and/or a lateral connections between the

Electroviscous effect on fluid drag in a microchannel with large zeta potential

• Dalei Jing and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.226

• microchannels and nanochannels. Yang and Kwok [20] studied the effect of EDL with small zeta potential and slip on fluid flow in a microcircular channel. Soong and Wang [21] studied the effect of non-overlapping EDL with asymmetric small zeta potential on the mass and heat transfer of the fluid flow in the

• several hundred millivolts, Elazhary and Soliman [29] studied the effect of EDL with high zeta potential on the fluid flow and heat transfer in a microchannel with no slip condition. Mondal et al. [30] studied the effect of overlapping EDL with high zeta potential on the velocity field of combined

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• pressurized vessels are not required. Compared to organic heat transfer fluids the melting point of molten salts is higher. Thus one major challenge with molten salts is to avoid freezing during operation. Hence, typically auxiliary heating systems or the development of salt formulations with low melting

• density of solid salt needs to be investigated further. The viscosity is an important property for sensible storage media used in heat transfer applications with molten salt pumping. Figure 5 shows that the viscosity in the liquid range at 500 °C is in the same order of magnitude as the viscosity of water

• temperature of 270 °C approximately. In particular parabolic through plants with molten salt as a heat transfer fluid in the solar field require mixtures with lower melting temperatures to avoid salt freezing and to simplify the solar field operation. Therefore salt formulations need to be developed with a

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• wt % hydrogen content and a density of 64.8 kg-H2/m3 was also suggested [19]. In these systems, dehydrogenation can be done at ambient pressure, the heat transfer is not challenging, and the generated hydrogen is CO-free. A feasibility study of these systems showed the production cost of hydrogen to

Adsorption and oxidation of formaldehyde on a polycrystalline Pt film electrode: An in situ IR spectroscopy search for adsorbed reaction intermediates

• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 747–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.87

• slightly higher, around 3 °C, due to the heat transfer from the surroundings. The Pt-film working electrode was prepared by electroless deposition of Pt [21] on the flat side of a semi-cylindrical Si prism. The working electrode was pressed against the planar Kel-F cell body via a circular gasket (ca. 0.1

Nanoscale particles in technological processes of beneficiation

• Sergey I. Popel,
• Vitaly V. Adushkin and
• Anatoly P. Golub'

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 458–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.53

• heat transfer between the vapor and liquid, on the bubble dynamics increases, while the pulsation time tm decreases. For example, if rb0 = 0.25 cm (Figure 3) then the pulsation time is tm = 6 ms. The vapor mass in the bubble is lowered by a factor equal to 1.6 in the state corresponding to the first